The goal of the presented thesis is to expound and evaluate Rainer Forst's theory of toleration, counting among the most discussed themes in contemporary political theory and practice. A critical reception of the manner in which a leading contemporary political thinker systematically treats this theme will provide us with historical, systematic, and normative orientation in the structure of this complex problematic. The exposition follows Forst's historical analyses explaining the development of the concept and different conceptions of toleration and at the same time supply normative evaluations of individual developmental tendencies. The thesis subsequently focuses on the purely systematic part of Forst's work, i.e. on his own theory of toleration, and situates Forst's contribution in the wider frame of his constructivist theory of justice. The thesis closes with a critical evaluation of Forst's theory. Here, systematic deficiencies of his conception will be uncovered, deficiencies that point towards deeper problems of liberalism and constructivism.

The aim of the thesis was to introduce the life and work of Rudolf Dušek SJ, so far captured only through shorter interviews, and to use the story of his life as a case study of the persecution of religious orders and congregations during two totalitarian regimes in Czechoslovakia in the twentieth century. These aims have been fulfilled. The research for this thesis revealed previously unknown facts and details, acquaintances and relatives have written down their memories of Rudolf Dušek, and a great deal of material has been discovered in the archives of the Czech province of the Jesuit order. The thesis is thus the most detailed existing account of the life, works, and thought of Rudolf Dušek. In the future, it could be published in expanded form for the benefit of friends and family and the Jesuit order, possibly offered for publication to one of Christian publishing houses in the Czech Republic.

The present thesis surveys topic of taxonomic diversity and phylogeny of bears (Mammalia, Ursidae) and aspects of its contextual setting under effects of changing conceptual and methodological viewpoints. This problem is studied from several perspectives. The historical perspective is represented by a critical overview of the history of specific and infraspecific classification of bears with special respect to mutual influences of this classification and theoretical concepts of species accepted in particular periods. The perspective of material approach is exemplified by a material-based study of taxonomical and phyletic status of selected Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene ursine taxa. Along with deconstruction of some traditional hypotheses this produced a model explaining species diversification in ursine bears and its discussion in terms of factual relevance of included background concepts. In the pre-evolutionary period the bear species were usually understood broadly, as incipient immanent entities, yet exhibiting obvious certain infraspecific variability. This was established using definitions of varieties (mostly not identifiable with present subspecies or infraspecific taxa) considered as unstable modes of particular species. Although, in the post-Darwinian period, the concept and taxonomic...

This dissertation shows various concepts of the term gene that have appeared since the birth of genetics in 1900 up to the first half of the 50s. It focuses especially on the 40s and the beginning of the 50s. Scientific papers from that period were the main source of information. The author tried to capture not only generally accepted notions about genes and genic action but also those that had not pushed through in those days, nevertheless, that had offered a non- standard point of view which could have later become inspirative for molecular genetics. The work documents searching for links between genes and enzymes or ideas of potential divisibility of the gene. The dissertation assigns a very important role to those phenomena that emphasized the significance of the gene order or the order of genic parts. In Goldschmidt's interpretation of pseudoallelism the author sees the thought that the essence of a gene is its position and considers this the beginnings of "digital" thinking about the gene. The dissertation pays attention to "analogue" thinking about the gene, as well. This thinking took account of molecular shaping and represented a blind alley for the early molecular genetics. The work confirms to a certain extent the Kuhnian vision of the development of scientific disciplines. It finds the...

This thesis is focused on a concept of revolution in writings of Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev. It starts with general characteristics of a philosopher's works and special attention is given to the style of his writing. Main objective of the thesis is a description of Berdyaev's relation to the term revolution itself, which is given from philosophical, sociological and his- toriosophical perspective, as well as putting his notion of revolution into the context of histor- ical events that has occurred during the first quarter of 20th century in Russia. Thesis draws on Berdyaev's articles that appeared in these collections of papers: The Problems of Idealism (Problemy idealizma), Signposts (Vekhi), De profundis (Iz glubiny) and on his works: The Spir- itual Crisis of the Intelligentsia, The Philosophy of Inequality, The Spiritual Origins of Russian Revolution.

The submitted doctoral thesis focuses on the development and transformation of the Czechoslovak pencil industry in the period after the onset of the planned economy. The major pencil manufacturer Koh-I-Noor Hardtmuth was at the heart of the analysis. The annual reports, annual financial statements, business trip reports, and minutes of the director's and production meetings formed the source base. The correspondence with individual domestic institutions or foreign business partners, memories and a company magazine were also used. The preserved image archival documents - promotional leaflets and price lists - were not left out. The work is based on the methodological basis of the business history. The organization, operation and management strategies of the pencil industry in the historical background of economic changes and reforms have become the subject to examination. The national enterprises Centropen, Gama and Logarex, which were engaged in the production of office supplies, were also included into the research in terms of the comparison. The emphasis was placed on the role of individual managers conducting entrusted enterprises next to the analysis of turnover, production level and a number of employees. Advertising and promotional activities and their importance in the socialist economy was not left behind. In this context, the impact of extensive litigation regarding the trade mark and the name of Hardtmuth, which affected the export, production and advertising sectors, have not been overlooked. The interrelationship between the manufacturing enterprise and export organizations became one of the key topics.

The thesis is dedicated to the history of the Czechoslovak Red Cross (CSRC) organization, especially to the period 1945 - 1952. The CSRC carried out valuable activities between 1945 and 1948 not only in the medical field, but also in social services. Training of caregivers and voluntary nurses, establishing and operating medical facilities or searching for missing individuals due to WWII can be listed among others. A particular phase of CSRC history started after February 1948 Coup, when it slowly transformed into voluntary organization of the National Front. The thesis is mainly based on archives of CSRC stored in the National archive. Key words Czechoslovak Red Cross - social services - modern history - Czechoslovakia after war - National Front

This diploma thesis compiles available sources regarding the historical development of chess in Jičín area, and compares it with Czech lands (in different historical eras). At the beginning there is an explanation of chess terms that are necessary for further understanding. In the main body of the thesis there is chronological description of history, which starts with the origins of chess in our region and formation of first sport organizations, as well as regional clubs, and ends with the setting of contemporary competitions and achievements of the club. In the conclusion there is stated information about chess personalities from the Jičín region and significant simultaneous games. Techniques used for the thesis compilation were: the method of historical research, content analysis of information resources and interviews. KEYWORDS sport, chess, sports history, chess clubs, sports clubs, chess players, Jičín, Jičínsko

The aim of this diploma thesis is to scrutinize the story of life of Eleonora Mendlova, the wife of Bedrich Mendl, the first professor of economic history at Charles University. The thesis enables the reader to give a closer look at the Mendl family who, undoubtedly, belongs to the cultural elites of the Czechoslovakia. With the analysis of the extant sources, it is providing a thorough image of the life of Eleonora Mendlova and her family at the background of the dramatic events of the last century. Eleonora Mendlova, born Mrackova, started her study career at the private comprehensive school Minerva and then she continued with her study at the Faculty of Philosophy at the Charles University which she did not finish. She got married to Bedrich Mendl who worked for the National Regional Institute. His work required visiting various Czech and European archives. Thanks to the travels, we can follow the story of life of a woman in the shade of a big man during the unsettled political situation. The life of Eleonora Mendl was marked considerably by the both World Wars, especially by the death of her husband during the period the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia because of his Jewish origin. She spent her old age living with her three children. She participated greatly on the publication of the...

The starting point of my work will be a selection of films about Dracula.In this thesis, I would like to address the evolution in the representations of Dracula, from physical appearance to changes in the character, as well as the character development within the story.I want to look into this subject from a broad scope: Not only from the cinematographic context, but also from the cultural, historical and dramaturgical context. I'm interested in the evolution of the archetype of immortality in different cultural manifestations, from body embalming through sculpture, painting, photography to film. Furthermore, the thesis will study the reassessment of its symbolism, the phenomena of film remaking and the meaning behind the necessity for repetition and reinterpretation of the myth.This work should also ascertain when the reality becomes myth and why.My sources of information will not be only the selected films, but specialized literature by authors such as M. Eliade, B. Fořt and E.Fromm.