Aim of the study was focused on dendro-chronological dating of historical and architectural evaluation of the roof truss of the St. Wenceslas church in the village Přísnotice. Dendro-chronological dating documented the start of construction of the truss and the subsequent repairs. Identified dates were compared with historical data derived from the available historical sources and Internet resources. Dendro-chronological dating of woody species was preceded by the determination of samples by microscopic and macroscopic signs of wood. In the structural-historical exploration part, my work was focused on the wooden structures and their development. Results of dating and structural-historical survey specified the development of the truss construction in the St. Wenceslas church in the village Přísnotice.

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The aim of this thesis was to conduct a survey and documentation of construction and the historical development of Object church. John the Baptist in Hlučín, district Opava. The available resources and literature to chart the history of truss structure and determine its typology. Anatomically determine tree species in different parts of the roof structure of the church and using dendrochronological analysis to determine the age of the samples. The work deals with a methodical procedure from dendrochronological sampling, treatment and subsequent measurement until after dating results with comparison using statistical methods within specified Czech and Moravian standard chronologies of tree species. The work is complemented by the resources available on the historical development of building construction. As a result, based on microscopic slides of the samples was identified fir wood. There have been a historical summary of the aspects related to the construction and definition of the age of the individual parts of the roof structure. The truss nave was dated to 1890, the age of the truss presbytery was designed in 1732. Truss above the nave was defined as longitudinally coupled rafter construction Hambálková, stagnant faeces. Historical evaluation of extended documentation package, which is now the object of the church we can leave to future generations. Dating age truss church confirmed the historical development of the subject and contributed to the overall mapping of the now almost restored monument.

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The subject of the thesis is to determine the age of individual farm buildings by means of dendrochronological analysis and compilation of local tree-ring chronologies of the given tree species. The work describes a detailed procedure for dendrochronological dating from sampling and preparation of samples through measurements to their dating. The work also deals with the use of individual trees in structures. The oldest building is a barn from the village of Vrbětice made of beech, whose design elements were dated to 1766/1767. On the other hand, the youngest building can be labeled as a fruit dryer from the village of Pradlisko. Taken oak samples from the construction managed to date to 1944/1945. The most represented tree species in the surveyed farm buildings were beech and oak. Other trees are represented in very small numbers to determine their importance in the structure. The oak elements were used in the construction mainly for foundation sills and the beech elements for the construction of the walls. With regard to the number of samples of individual trees, two local ring-shaped chronologies were created. The beech chronology consists of ring-shaped curves of 29 samples taken from historical structures and 22 ring-shaped curves from live trees, with a non-interconnected section of approximately 93 years between the two parts. Combining these two parts, the chronology would be able to cover more than 300 years (1690–2013). Oak local chronology is made up of ring-shaped curves of 30 samples from the surveyed objects and covers the period from 1700 to 1900. Since there is no beech chronology for the Czech Republic, it is a great contribution to making the basic beech chronology for this region, where beech is the most used wood in buildings. The work contributes to the building of beech chronology.

Subfossil trunks are unfossilized woods which are discovered rarely in the Czech Republic. The aim of this work was to find, sampled and dated subfossil trunks from the Polabí region. Available Czech and foreign standard chronologies were used for dendrochronological dating of tree-ring series. Simultaneously, earlier sampled subfossil trunks from the study area were assembled. The chosen tree-ring series were used to extension and improvement of the Czech oak standard chronology. Selected samples, which were not possible to dendochronologically date, were sent for radiocarbon dating. For a purpose of this work, 122 new subfossil findings were dendrochronologically processed from the Polabí region and three samples were prepared and sent for radiocarbon dating. The major part of subfossil trunks was identified as an oak and only 5 samples as an elm. In total, 96 samples were successfully dated mostly into two periods: 3500 - 3200 BC and 133 BC - 155 AD. In Kostomlátky location, the oldest oak subfossil trunk in the Czech republic was found the tree-ring series covers the period 8181 7971 BC. Thanks to these subfossil findings, the Czech oak standard chronology could be extended.

This thesis assesses the state of the truss and steeple of the church of St. Matthew in Postřelmov. The main objectives are to draw the construction, conduct construction-technical survey and and date the construction using dendrochronology. The basic assessment consists in the analysis of the individual parts of the building and their typology. The drawing part of the thesis focuses on the truss, including the steeple. The objectives of the construction-technical evaluation are to assess the structural protection, to locate, identify and detect biological pest infestation; the dendrochronological dating will try to determine the exact year of construction and dates of potential repairs. According to the results, remedial measures will be proposed designed to maintain wood elements in a satisfactory condition.

The subject of this thesis was to make a constructive-technical research on timbers of St. Francis Seraph church in Lipník nad Bečvou. This church is registered into national list of sights as a sight number 29870/8-485. It is a Gothic-Renaissance building dating from 1590-1593. The roof above the cancel and nave consists of free floors dollar beams, queen post and truss frames. The aim was to reveal biotic damage to individual elements of timbers and to determine the extent of the damage. The evaluation of timbers was based on sensory and devices research. The roof was attacked mostly house longhorn beetle, rotting, especially in places where there was high humidity. The damage was caused mainly on wall beams and camping piece of tie beams. Based on achieved results we suggested remedial measures which are intended to preserve the built of wood, which is in a satisfactory condition. This thesis also deals with dendrochronological dating where we tried to determine the age of construction by dendrochronological analysis. The roof above the nave and chancel was dated to the period 1769-1771. Thesis is completed with anatomical determination of forest species which were used in individual parts of timbers. The results provide information for planned reconstruction of monument considering its current constructive - technical condition.

The isotopes 238 U, 234 U and 230 Th, as members of the uranium-radium decay chain, are fractionated in the environment by changes of geochemical conditions, and they can be used for dating of recent or past geochemical processes in the Quaternary. Samples of water with uranium and of water-activated solids were taken of radioactive mineral water springs at two study sites in the area of Krkonoše-Jizera crystalline complex: Svatý Vojtěch (St. Adalbert) in Horní Malá Úpa, and Bukový Pramen in the Těsný důl valley in Janské Lázně. Uranium was co-precipitated in field conditions with hydroxides of FeIII+ in 50-liter water samples of the radioactive springs. In the lab, uranium and thorium were separated from water precipitates, as well as from solid samples after their chemical decomposition, using chromatographic extraction agent UTEVA. All the three isotopes of interest emit alpha particles, and so their activities were measured by alpha spectrometry and expressed as 234 U/238 U and 230 Th/234 U ratios. As an internal standard, 232 U/228 Th was used. The resulting 234 U/238 U activity ratios of four water samples measured ranged from 1.0747 to 1.423. In twelve samples of solid phases activity ratios 234 U/238 U from 0.861 to 1.129 were determined. The 230 Th/234 U activity ratios form two distinct...

River systems are the most widespread sedimentary environment in many European countries and can be hence used for study of historical development of contamination and for evaluation of the anthropogenic impact influence at the local or regional level. The study of river sediments, however, is complicated by changes of channel morphology and sedimentation dynamics and redeposition of old sediments, whether caused naturally (flood events) or by human impact (land use changes or building of water management structures), which leads to deposition of various sedimentary facies. Identification of sedimentary facies within floodplain fill is hence necessary - character (lithology) of deposited facies influences the spatial distribution of pollutants within floodplains. Suitable sampling sites strategy and chemostratigraphic correlations of depth profiles guarantee a correct interpretation of obtained data. However, in many countries, there are still no legislative tools or universal methodology for contamination assessment respecting natural variability of sedimentary records. Regional contamination during the last centuries and identification of local pollution sources of risk elements (Pb , Zn , Cu , ...) and magnetic particles have been studied in the sediments of the Morava River, in the area between...