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'n Etnografie van geweld in die konteks van armoede in DavidsonvilleBurnett, Cora 04 September 2012 (has links)
D.Litt et. Phil. / Poverty and violence are among the most provocative social problems in the present South African context. This study attempts to contribute to our understanding of the complexity of violence in the context of poverty on a microlevel and to explore urban Anthropology as a field of knowledge. The phenomena in question were elucidated conceptually with reference to the literature on poverty and violence. The multilevel manifestation of poverty supplied the context within which the nature, forms and manifestations of violence could be analyzed in its various contexts and in various social categories. To understand violence as a social phenomenon various theoretical perspectives have been discussed. Patriarchy, social learning, resource, exchange, sociobiological and social conflict theories, culture, norms and the ,context were explored as possible instruments of explanation. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used. All the Standard 7 pupils (N=76) of the local school completed an open as well as a self-concept questionnaire, while 38% of the heads of households (N=235) completed questionnaires. Ethnographic data were collected by making use of participant observation, reports, diaries and essays, as well as interviews and case studies. Sixteen children and three adults in turn kept diaries and wrote reports during the research period of three and a half years. Research was undertaken in Davidsonville, a so-called Coloured township on the West Rand. The insufficient infrastructure, educational and employment opportunities, as well as social prOblems such as alcoholism and unemployment, were mainly products of structural violence and causes of everyday violence and poverty: Domestic and non-domestic violence in terms of their physical and psychic manifestations, were described, analyzed and contextualized ethnographically in the light of poverty and Coloured status in the South African context. Violence, as a process in the social relations of individuals and groups, manifests on various levels, viz. among men and women, adults and children, gangs and members of various "ethnic groups" as well as in various situations (the stokvel, school, public places, and the home). Violence is a universal human characteristic, but the context of poverty exposes man to the chronic experience of violence which causes psychological scars. Poverty is violence, and the fewer the resources available to an individual, the fiercer the competition and the more brutal the face of violence will be.
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Prescribing Patterns of Health Care Givers to Patients Attending a Health Center in an Informal Urban Settlement in Gauteng for the Period March 2003 to June 2003Shingwenyana, Ntiyiso 01 November 2006 (has links)
Student Number : 8910202A -
MPH research report -
School of Public Health -
Faculty of Health Sciences / An increasing number of people are migrating to South African urban
centers (GJMC, 2000). There are various reasons that can be
attributed to this migration; including the hope of finding employment
and better living conditions. Recent urban migrants find themselves
faced with the basic problem of lack of shelter and, depending on the
migrant’s situation, they may choose to live in indoor shacks within the
city center, backyard shacks in the black townships or join the growing
number of informal settlement dwellers (GJMC, 2000).
The number of informal settlements continues to grow at an alarming
rate in Johannesburg (CEROI, 2000). This poses unique health care
challenges as well as presenting the health care system with unusual
disease conditions associated with general lack of infrastructure and
services (CEROI, 2000). It has been established that the proportion of
HIV infected patients is higher in people living in informal settlements
when compared to people living in private houses (SAHR, 2000). Thus,
it is expected that more people will be presenting with HIV and AIDS
related illnesses in an informal settlement health center as compared to
well-developed residential areas.
This study aimed at exploring the prescribing patterns of health care
givers for patients attending a health center in an informal settlement
as well as to determine the major disease patterns prevalent in the
area. The study was carried out in Davidsonville and OR Tambo clinics
as well as Bophelong and Hikhensile clinics in Ivory Park. The study
covered regions five, one and two respectively according to Gauteng
metropolitan services area classification (GJMC, 2000).
The findings of the study will help the appropriate policy makers
improve the Essential Drug List and inform public health officials in
formulating strategies that may lead to health status improvement for
people living in informal settlements.
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