<p>This study deals with the intergenerational coresidence during the nineteenth century. The main focus is placed on the possible differences in the coresidences among parents and children and whether demographic transition and industrialization changed this relation. Were parents and children living in the same household? It was also important to study the children network; if the children did not live with their parents, where did they live? In the neighbourhoods, in the parish or in another area? Two perspectives were mainly considered, industrialization and demographic transition. On one hand industrialization gave children the opportunity to work outside the parental household and consequently the relationship between parents and children probably became weaker. On the other hand the fall of infant mortality would have facilitated the creation of a new complex household. Did industrialization with a new labour market change in decline the coresidence among parents and children? Or did the fall of mortality increase the number of coresidences? Two more factors influenced the coresidences, social status of the first generation and number of children born. The area of study is the region of Sundsvall, situated in middle Sweden. During the nineteenth century this region experienced a fall of infant mortality and in the middle of the century the introduction of steam-sawmills started and it arrived to be one of the largest sawmill districts at the world in the end of the century. The cohort chosen regarded people born between 1770 and 1820 and they lived their old age in the Sundsvall district. The first methodological approach is cross-sectional and analyses the entire cohort. The second method is a longitudinal analysis of a micro study of 135 people. The results show the decrease of the coresidences between the two generations when parents were 80 years old. In the previous years no difference has been found between the preindustrial and industrial period, thus the decline of mortality did not help the increase of coresidences. Social status was the most determinant factor for the creation of coresidence. People employed in agriculture, peasants and crofters were more likely to coreside with married children compared to the workers’ groups. Social difference increases with the industrialization, workers experienced the decline of coresidence in a stronger way compared to the others groups. The number of children born from the first generation helps in a marginal way the creation of coresidences. The main difference was between one or more children born, but no differences were found among those people who had two children or more. The micro study put in evidence the life cycle of the family. Peasants and crofters were the most likely to experience the cycle of the stem family. However the coresidence could be interrupted by the death or the migration of the family members. Other alternatives as the presences of children in the neighbourhoods or the coresidence with unmarried children were noticed. Finally, the study showed that sons were more likely to live with their parents compared to daughters but in one third of the cases the first generation constituted the stem family with a daughter.</p>

Thesis aims to elaborate the urbanism ideology developed in the early republican period of Turkey and its reflection on the development of factory campuses. In Turkey after the Ottoman Empire, new state with its own ideology has impact on shaping urban space, politics of urban forms development, urban morphology and urban metamorphosis. This thesis examines various factory campuses designed and built after the establishment of the Turkish Republic, and focuses on a later campus development / namely Iskenderun Iron and Steel Factory Campus. The study notes the dissolution of factory-housing togetherness, and points to the design values in the case study presented.

This study deals with the intergenerational coresidence during the nineteenth century. The main focus is placed on the possible differences in the coresidences among parents and children and whether demographic transition and industrialization changed this relation. Were parents and children living in the same household? It was also important to study the children network; if the children did not live with their parents, where did they live? In the neighbourhoods, in the parish or in another area? Two perspectives were mainly considered, industrialization and demographic transition. On one hand industrialization gave children the opportunity to work outside the parental household and consequently the relationship between parents and children probably became weaker. On the other hand the fall of infant mortality would have facilitated the creation of a new complex household. Did industrialization with a new labour market change in decline the coresidence among parents and children? Or did the fall of mortality increase the number of coresidences? Two more factors influenced the coresidences, social status of the first generation and number of children born. The area of study is the region of Sundsvall, situated in middle Sweden. During the nineteenth century this region experienced a fall of infant mortality and in the middle of the century the introduction of steam-sawmills started and it arrived to be one of the largest sawmill districts at the world in the end of the century. The cohort chosen regarded people born between 1770 and 1820 and they lived their old age in the Sundsvall district. The first methodological approach is cross-sectional and analyses the entire cohort. The second method is a longitudinal analysis of a micro study of 135 people. The results show the decrease of the coresidences between the two generations when parents were 80 years old. In the previous years no difference has been found between the preindustrial and industrial period, thus the decline of mortality did not help the increase of coresidences. Social status was the most determinant factor for the creation of coresidence. People employed in agriculture, peasants and crofters were more likely to coreside with married children compared to the workers’ groups. Social difference increases with the industrialization, workers experienced the decline of coresidence in a stronger way compared to the others groups. The number of children born from the first generation helps in a marginal way the creation of coresidences. The main difference was between one or more children born, but no differences were found among those people who had two children or more. The micro study put in evidence the life cycle of the family. Peasants and crofters were the most likely to experience the cycle of the stem family. However the coresidence could be interrupted by the death or the migration of the family members. Other alternatives as the presences of children in the neighbourhoods or the coresidence with unmarried children were noticed. Finally, the study showed that sons were more likely to live with their parents compared to daughters but in one third of the cases the first generation constituted the stem family with a daughter.

More than a decade since the democratic transition in 1994, South Africa still grapples with incredibly high levels of unemployment. An underperforming manufacturing sector has hampered economic growth and job creation in a country with a large pool of low and semi-skilled labour. In response to these challenges the South African government has initiated a guiding framework (NIPF) and action plan (IPAP) spearheaded by a sectoral and geographic focus to place the country on a more labour-intensive industrial growth path. Given this context, it is instructive to note that industrial clustering has been identified as critical to the sustainable development of industry in both developed and developing economies. Whilst the role of industrial clustering in assisting industrial development is well documented, this paper aims to further interrogate the impact of industrial clustering on another critical developmental issue, employment. Using the Durban Automotive Cluster (DAC) as a case study, the primary objective of this research is to interrogate the impact of industrial clustering on firm-level employment. A mixed-method methodology is utilised in the study, collecting both primary and secondary data from face-to-face interviews conducted with nineteen firm-level representatives and two DAC representatives. The research findings and analysis conclude that on average, the impact of the DAC on firm-level employment is positive, although largely indirect. In particular, small or firms with low degrees of production-related technological intensity on their production perceive the impact of the DAC on their firm-level employment most positively. The majority of member firms believe the DAC has either helped sustain or in some cases grow their firms’ employment levels. The only variable that has had a more positive impact on firm-level employment is the MIDP, with labour market policies perceived to have had the most negative impact on employment. The study suggests that greater communication between the DAC and local and national governments to ensure each stakeholder’s objectives are better aligned to ensure growth of the industry (to stimulate job creation). This process will not be simple and will depend heavily on the country’s ability to address critical macro-constraints that the study has shown to hinder employment growth amongst the DAC firms. Whilst the findings relate specifically to the automotive industry in KwaZulu-Natal, the relevance of the findings extends well beyond the automotive sector. The study provides key lessons for South Africa’s sectoral and geographically focused industrial policy focus that aims to achieve industrial development and employment growth in South Africa. / Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

天津經過百年來的努力發展，以及改革開放後濱海新區在「十一五規劃」被納入國家發展戰略，不但成為中國大陸高收入的城市，亦是眾多外資亟欲前往的投資地點。從天津三級產業結構的觀察，可以發現雖然目前天津的第二、三級產業的分布仍與先進國家有所落差，但整體來說，仍是逐漸從二三一的產業結構往三二一的產業結構發展。但1997年至2006年仍發生工業化現象，即工業部門產值比重增加。這段時間亦伴隨產業升級，使得產業結構從消費財產業轉成為資本財產業。由政策上觀察，此結果主要與天津濱海新區的發展關係最密切。 從本研究的ARDL時間序列模型的估計中發現，造成天津工業化的最主要因素為資本勞動比的提升與貿易依存度的增加，而造成產業升級的主要因素則為外資與財政的科技支出。天津政府在經濟迅速發展的條件下，調節產業結構的均衡發展亦是重要任務，使得天津以及中國大陸其他城市能夠早日進入已開發國家的產業結構模式。 / After centuries of efforts to develop and the Binhai New Area being writing into national development strategies in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" after reform and open-up, Tianjin has not only become the high-income cities in mainland China, but also a location that many foreign investment is anxious to go. According to the observation of Thrice Industrial structure in Tianjin, there is a big gap that the distribution of Tianjin’s secondary and tertiary industry with compared with other advanced countries. However, on the whole, there is still a gradual shift from the industrial structure of two-three-one to three-two-one. From 1997 to 2006, there is still a phenomenon of industrialization in Tianjin, which means that the percentage of secondary industry increasing the whole industrial sectors’ GDP. It’s also accompanied with industrial upgrading, which means that industrial structure will turn from consumer goods industries to capital property industries. From the prospect of policy, this result is most closely related to the development of the Tianjin Binhai New Area. By using ARDL time series model, this study estimates found that the most important factor of Tianjin industrialization was the capital-labor ratio improvement and the increase of trade dependence. The main factor of causing the industrial upgrading was the foreign investment and finance spending on technology. Under the rapid economic development, adjusting the industrial structure for balanced development is also Tianjin Government’s important task that could help Tianjin and other cities in mainland China as early as possible to enter the mode of development of the country's industrial structure.

Dafeng fue una fábrica china pionera en la fabricación y apresto de bienes de algodón industriales. La primera industrialización de China, donde cabe ubicar Dafeng, es un hecho histórico que empezó a mediados del siglo XIX y acabó en los años cincuenta del siglo siguiente. Ubicada en Shanghai, Dafeng es representativa de este acontecimiento, muy concentrado en el sector algodonero y en la región del delta del Yangzi. En China, el desarrollo de la industrialización tuvo sus fortalezas y sus debilidades. Sin embargo, los intentos de China de alcanzar a las economías industriales occidentales fueron en vano. Sirviéndose del caso particular de la empresa Dafeng, la presente investigación pretende examinar las continuidades y rupturas que produjo la industrialización en China. / Dafeng was a pioneer in the industrial production of finished cotton fabrics in China. Located in Shanghai, it played a leading role in the first industrialization of China, a historical process that was strongly focused in the cotton sector and highly concentrated in the Yangzi Delta. Starting in the mid XIXth Century, the first industrialization of China ended in the 1950s and had its strengths and its weaknesses. However, Chinese attempts to reach industrialized countries in that period were in vain. Using a particular case, the company Dafeng, the present research aims to contextualize and examine the continuities and breakdowns of Chinese industrialization.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [318]-354).

Orientador: Teresa Maria Malatian / Banca: Marisa Saenz Leme / Banca: Fernando Teixeira da Silva / Resumo: A cidade de Franca tem na indústria calçadista sua principal atividade econômica, sendo um dos maiores centros produtores de calçados do país. A partir da década de 1950 ocorreu a intensificação do processo de industrialização do setor, com a implantação de modernas técnicas de produção, voltadas para o aumento da produtividade. Essas transformações acarretaram um significativo crescimento populacional, destacando-se a migração de mineiros, em grande parte ex-trabalhadores rurais. O parque industrial é marcado pela heterogeneidade, englobando grandes indústrias com mais de mil trabalhadores, até pequenas oficinas de conserto. Estudos recentes buscaram analisar as experiências dos trabalhadores do setor no cotidiano de trabalho e extrafábrica. Abriram novas perspectivas de análise, dentro das quais se insere o presente trabalho. Ao longo do processo de formação e consolidação da indústria calçadista no município as mulheres ocuparam posição de destaque, compondo cerca de 40% da força de trabalho empregada nesse setor produtivo. Contudo, verificou-se que a história da classe operária do município havia sido escrita sobretudo no masculino, desconsiderando-se as experiências das trabalhadoras do calçado. Assim, tivemos como principais objetivos analisar o processo de formação das mulheres enquanto operárias, as relações de trabalho e as expressões de ação política de um conjunto de sapateiras que fizeram parte do processo de industrialização entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980. Trabalhou-se com um corpus documental composto por fontes orais, documentos sindicais e outras fontes impressas. Foi possível constatar que as trabalhadoras vivenciaram um processo de sociabilização caracterizado pela divisão sexual do trabalho e subordinação aos homens desde os anos iniciais de suas vidas, características persistentes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The city of Franca - Brazil has in the shoemaker industry its main economic activity, being one of the biggest producing centers of footwear of the country. From the decade of 1950 the intensification of the process of industrialization of the sector occurred with the modern implantation production techniques, guided toward the increase of the productivity. These transformations had caused a significant population growth, putting in relief the migration of "mineiros", mostly agricultural former-workers. The industrial park is marked by the heterogeneity, agglomerating great industries with more than a thousand workers, even small repair shops. Recent studies had searched to analyse the experiences of the workers of the sector in the daily of work and the extra-factory. They had opened new perspectives of analysis, inside of which it inserts the present work. Along of the process of formation and the consolidation of the shoemaker industry in the city the women had occupied distinction position, composing about 40% of the force of work used in this productive sector. However, it occurs that the history of the working class of the city had been written principally in the masculine, it ignoring the experiences of the workers-women of the footwear. Thus, we had as main objectives to analyse the process of formation of the women being workers, the relations of work and the expressions of politic actions of a set of women-shoemaker that had been party of the proceeding of industrialization between the decades of 1950 and 1980. We worked with a corpus documental composed for verbal sources, trade union documents and other sources printed. It was possible to verify that the workers had lived deeply a process of socialization characterized for the sexual division of the work and subordination to the men since the initial years of its lives, persistent characteristics in its experiences as workers...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MILARE_Luis_2011.pdf: 3703407 bytes, checksum: 647c90893d8ce9cbc9b777a653f1d102 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The main objective of this dissertation is to present an interpretation of the Chinese industrialization and to show how China was able to transform its productive structure. To do so, first it is presented the bases of the industrialization process: the Mao Zedong s era (1949-1976). We argue that the economic reforms introduced by Mao Tsé-Tung helped underpin the success obtained by Deng Xiaoping after 1978 (the period of greater dynamism). After that, we analyze the most dynamic period of the Chinese economy: Deng Xiaoping s reforms. We argue that the great growth experienced in this period was motivated by very high State investments. The fast industrialization was based in a strategy of Governmental autonomy; indirect control of the productive and financial structure; and planning of solid industrial policies. Finally we make a detailed analysis of the transformation of the Chinese industrial structure. Through this analysis we see that the Chinese industrial structure has advanced to more dynamic and complex segments more intensive in technology. Thus, we conclude that the Chinese strategy of industrialization was based on autonomy, planning and control with State leadership which allowed them to transform its industrial structure. This transformation was stimulated by high investments that speeded China s industrial catching-up. / O principal objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma interpretação acerca do processo de industrialização chinesa e mostrar qual foi o caminho trilhado pela China para transformar sua estrutura produtiva. Para tanto, primeiramente é apresentada as bases do processo de industrialização, ou seja, a era Mao Tsé-Tung (1949-1976). Argumenta-se que as reformas econômicas introduzidas por Mao Tsé-Tung alicerçaram, ao menos em parte, o sucesso do salto industrializante observado a partir de 1978. O salto período de maior dinamismo tem início com a chegada de Deng Xiaoping ao poder em 1978. Argumenta-se que o crescimento chinês do período foi motivado por elevados investimentos Estatais, pautado em uma estratégia com ampla autonomia Governamental; controle indireto sobre a esfera produtiva e financeira; e planejamento de política industrial e tecnológica. Por fim é realizada uma análise detalhada da transformação da estrutura produtiva chinesa. A partir da análise dos dados fica evidente que estrutura produtiva chinesa tem avançado rumo a setores mais dinâmicos, complexos e com maior intensidade tecnológica. Assim, conclui-se que a estratégia chinesa de industrialização se pautou na tríade autonomia-planejamento-controle, com liderança Estatal, para transformar sua estrutura produtiva. Esta transformação foi fomentada por vultosos investimentos, que dinamizam e aceleram o processo de catching-up industrial possibilitando uma transformação acelerada da sua estrutura produtiva rumo a setores mais nobres da cadeia produtiva.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RUBIA versao final 01-11.pdf: 2434032 bytes, checksum: 16018bc33b56706d4a4ea77c302abcf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to identify the real estate evolution in Joinville s region. It also has the objective of identifying the strategy for urban land fragmentation as an indicator of the regional development. To reach the proposed goals, a documentational research and a bibliography review were carried out to collect and register information, analyze and interpret data about the foundation and development of Joinville. A study of land fragmentation evolution in Joinville was carried out focusing on the number of estates produced in each studied period and the regions of highest estate concentration. Based on this information, it was inferred that industrialization was an important factor in the regional development due to its influence in the determination of which land could be fragmented. As a result, based on the data collected, strategic indicators for the land fragmentation were defined. These indicators can be inherent or determinant to the industrial development. These indicators include climate, soil, geographic position, local workforce characteristics, and the ease to commercialize the estate in smaller parts. / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar a evolução imobiliária na região de Joinville e a estratégia do parcelamento do solo urbano como indicador do desenvolvimento regional. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa documental e uma revisão histórica bibliográfica, coletando e registrando informações, analisando e interpretando dados de como surgiu a cidade de Joinville e de que maneira se deu seu desenvolvimento. Num segundo momento, foi realizado um estudo sobre a evolução dos loteamentos na cidade de Joinville, buscando enfocar o número de lotes produzidos em cada período e foram estudadas as regiões de maior concentração destes lotes. Com base nestas informações, inferiu-se que a industrialização foi um fator importante no desenvolvimento regional devido à influência que exerceu na determinação das possíveis regiões de terra que poderiam ser parceladas. Como resultado, com base nos dados obtidos, foram definidos indicadores estratégicos inerentes ou determinantes do parcelamento do solo para o desenvolvimento industrial tais como: condições climáticas, de solo, posição geográfica, características da mão-de-obra local e a facilidade de comercialização das glebas em propriedades menores.