Industrialization and urbanization brought  major societal changes. For the individual, these changes meant an adjustment beyond the ordinary. Not everyone had the conditions required to adapt and take part in what modernization entailed. Those who were well off also had the means required to succeed in the new society. Those who were already vulnerable, however, came to be hit hard by the changes that emerged.The struggling working class became overrepresented among inmates in prisons.The purpose of this study has been to find out why the working class has been overrepresented by examining the factors behind their crime, how their life history can explain their situation and the socio-economic factors that may be the basis for the imprisonment.The study refers analyses six  of the inmates at Härlanda Kriminalvårdsanstalt during the early 20th century. The sources used include prisoner scrolls and biography books that are available at the National Archives in Gothenburg.The results of the empirical study show that the causes behind the working class crime have been poverty and the difficulty of establishing societal goals.The study is based on Marxist criminology's explanation of crime and the public debate on working class crime during the time period. / Industrialiseringen och urbaniseringen kom att medföra stora samhällsförändringar. För DEN enskilde individen innebar dessa förändringar en omställning utöver det vanliga. Alla hade inte de förutsättningar som krävdes för att anpassa sig och ta del av det moderniseringen medförde. De som hade det gott ställt hade också de medlen som krävdes för att lyckas i det nya samhället. De som redan var utsatta kom dock att drabbas hårt av de förändringarna som växte fram.  Den hårt drabbade arbetarklassen kom att bli överrepresenterad bland intagna på fängelseanstalterna.  Syftet med den här undersökningen har varit att ta reda på varför arbetarklassen varit överrepresenterat genom att undersöka faktorerna bakom deras brottslighet, hur deras livshistoria kan förklara deras läge samt de socioekonomiska faktorerna som kan tänkas vara grunden till fängslandet.   Undersökningen analyserar sex av de intagna fångar på Härlanda kriminalvårdsanstalt under början av 1900-talet. De källor som använts är bland annat fångrullor och biografiböcker som finns tillgängliga på Landsarkivet i Göteborg.  Resultaten av den empiriska undersökningen visar att orsakerna bakom arbetarklassens brottslighet varit fattigdom och svårigheten att etablera samhällsmålen.  Undersökningen utgår från den marxistiska kriminologins förklaring till brottslighet samt dåtidens samhällsdebatt kring arbetarklassens brottslighet.

This study investigates how the structure and activities of states shape societies in different ways during processes of economic development. The analysis explores how the particular institutional configurations of developmental states in South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore shaped trajectories of social change in ways which impacted processes of political change at later points in time. Using a path dependency approach, the study argues that a critical juncture took place in these three countries at various points in their early post-colonial periods, during which time state elites undertook a comprehensive program of reorganizing the state, society, and the organizational and institutional connections between the two, for the purpose of pursuing a strategy of rapid export-oriented industrialization. Differences in the way this critical juncture took place across these cases shaped important variations in institutional patterns of state-society relations. These differences, in turn, conditioned subsequent variation in the mode and type of political change in these countries.

Du 1er au 5 décembre 1930, un brouillard épais se répand dans la vallée de la Meuse. Ils sont nombreux à y laisser leur vie. Un an plus tard, des experts rendent leurs conclusions : le charbon et les composés soufrés de sa combustion sont mis en cause. Mais comment du « charbon » participe à la production de brouillards et rejoint, jusqu’à tuer, les poumons de ceux qui se sont retrouvés contraints de le respirer ? Ces liens « charbon - brouillards toxiques - poumons » n’ont rien d’évident. Ce travail tente de reconstituer les conditions historiques de leurs constructions. En considérant cette catastrophe dans le temps long de sa production ; en suivant la piste des matières de sa constitution et des assemblages technico-sociaux nécessaires à leur transformation ; en étudiant le rôle et les effets des pratiques savantes, il permet de comprendre la transformation conjointe, par l’industrialisation, des corps et des environnements et la production de nouveaux phénomènes météorologiques. / From the 1st to the 5th December 1930, a thick fog spread in the Meuse valley. Many losing their lives. One year later, experts came to conclusions: coal and sulphuric compound of it combustion were implicated. But how does "coal" come to participate in the production of fogs and to befoul, fatally, the lungs of those forced to inhale it ? The « coal - toxic fog - lungs » links is not obvious. This study aims to reconstitute the historic conditions of their construction. By considering this disaster over the period necessary for its production - as a process and not as an hiatus - ; by following the trail of the materials of its constitution - their progress and the technical, social, political and discursive assemblies - necessary for their transformation; by studying the role and the effects of the scientific practices, this work allows an understanding of the joint transformation, by the industrialization, of bodies and environments and the production of new meteorological phenomena.

Since the latter half of the nineteenth century, industrialization and modernization have strongly shaped the development of the French department Ariège. Over the last roughly 150 years, Ariège has seen its population decline from a quarter million to 150,00. Its traditional agrarian economy has been remade for competition on global markets, and the department has relied on tourism to bring in revenue where other traditional industries have failed to do so. In this thesis I identify the European Union and French policies that continue to guide Ariège's development through subsidies and regulation. I explain the origins and effects of modernization on rural areas such as Ariège, and the ways in which market pressures and new technologies have reshaped the landscape, and advance an argument for why Ariège's story is relevant across rural Europe and communities globally that exist at the margins.

No description available.

Järnvägsbron vid Årstaberg kommer när den är klar att mäta 1,4 km, här passerar över 550 tåg per dygn. Bron är en del av projektet Citybanan och kommer att fungera som en spårväxel som styr fjärr-, regional- och godståg till den gamla östra Årstabron. Pendeltågen kommer då färdas på bron över Årstaviken och in i den nya järnvägstunneln vid Södra station. Entreprenaden gick från början till danska företaget Pihl och Son som efter en del problem gick i konkurs, underentreprenören Züblin fick då ta över projektet. Med en ny platsledning gjordes en hel del förändringar på arbetsgången och arbetsmomenten. Från 4 veckor per sektion, där en sektion mäter ca 30 meter lyckades Züblin tillslut effektivisera till 2 veckor. Det speciella med detta projekt är den formvagn som används, den så kallade MSS:en (Moving Scaffolding System) som är relativt ovanlig i Sverige. Författarnas uppgift var att undersöka och utreda för ytterligare effektiviseringar samt redogöra för de effektiviseringar som redan gjorts av Züblin. För att ta reda på hur arbetsgången går till har en sektion av överbyggnaden följts under byggprocessen. Författarna har tagit del av tekniska detaljer som temperatursprickor, armering, spännarmering, betongkvalité och inte minst själva formvagnen. För att få en uppfattning granskades dokument och handlingar om projektet parallellt med intervjuer med inblandade och sakkunniga. Eftersom många effektiviseringsåtgärder var genomförda när författarna påbörjade examensarbetet hos Züblin lämnades inte mycket utrymme för effektiviseringar av tekniska åtgärder. Effektiviseringar som författarna har kommit fram till gäller främst arbetsmetoder och material där mer prefabricering på armering och formning över brostöd, användning av rullarmering och självkompakterande betong. Med tanke på att inga tester och provningar har utförts är detta spekulationer som tagits i samråd med inblandade nyckelpersoner med stor erfarenhet inom sina respektive områden. / The railway bridge at Årstaberg will measure 1,4 km when finished, over 550 trains passes by every 24 hours. The bridge is a part of the project Citybanan and will serve as a railway gear that directs the long-distance, regional- and cargo trains to the old Årstabron. The commuter trains will then travel on the bridge over Årstaviken and into the new railway tunnel at Södra Station. The first contractor was the Danish company Phil & Son, who after some struggles and problems went bankrupt. The subcontractor Züblin then took over the project. With the new site management, whole new changes were made considering the workflow and other operations. From 4 weeks per section, were one section measures 30 meters, Züblin managed to reach 2 weeks. The authors' task was to investigate for further efficiency and account for the efficiency improvements already made by Züblin. In order to receive a full understanding about the workflow on sight, every step of the process has been followed on one section of the superstructure under the construction process. The technical details have been analyzed such as temperature cracks, reinforcement, stressing and concrete quality. Documents about the project had to be examined and interviews with the involved experts and thoroughly follow the operations on site. Since many efficiency measures were implemented when the authors began this degree project at Züblin, not much space was left for technical efficiency improvements. The efficiencies that caught the attention is mostly working methods and material use where more prefabrication should be utilized considering the reinforcement and forming over pillars, use of rolled reinforcement and self- consolidating concrete. Considering no tests or try-outs have been made this is only speculations which have been discussed with the involved experts with great experience in their field.

The aim of the thesis is to show the changes and the development of the landscape and the settlement of the region of central Šumava mountains due to industrialization in the 19th century. The thesis is based theoretically and methodologically in the field of anthropology of landscape and industrial archeology. It combines archive written and cartographic sources with non-destructive field research of anthropogenic relics. The industrialization of the area of interest meant the woodworking expansion that was caused by the lack of firewood in Prague and its surroundings and was realized as a business plan by the noble Schwarzenberg family. Schwarzenberg forest exploatation and timber floating system for firewood transport have brought significant landscape changes to hitherto almost untouched mountaneous forested areas. The field research has identified elements of the floating timber system, such as water reservoirs, watercourse troughs or the Vchynicko-Tetovský floating canal, as well as traces of both, permanent and seasonal settlement of woodcutters. The work divides the area into four zones, depending on how they were used, settled and transformed during the 19th century. The greatest attention is devoted to zone no. I, the remote forest area, which has become a major resource area for the Schwarzenberg...

Urbanization is increasing uncontrollably with accelerating speed and the problems this is causing can be seen at the symptoms they produce. Gentrification, sprawl, slums, ecological disasters, psychological effects on people are some of many problems having to do with cities. Majority of the problems appeared after industrialization and most have not been dealt with and many more are emerging. As this situation continues, urbanism is gaining a lot of attention from theorists, scholars, and people around the world, as the field that studies the phenomenon of urbanization and the urban environment. However, urbanism, as a concept, is not clearly determined and as developed as the pace in which urbanization grows and the theories seem to lack awareness of the size of the issue. Urbanism remains passive to the contemporary problems that are appearing, because by the time a theory is providing strategies to solve existing problems, new ones are emerging. Adding to this, what urbanism is and how it is implemented are still vague questions with even more vague answers. Through my research, I did not find a clear, and acceptable by all, definition of urbanism and that shows the complexity of the subject. This is an issue that has contributed, together with the magnificent speed that cities have grown with, to the borders between urban and rural disappearing. The result is a situation that cannot be described yet, but must become a source of research within urbanism, in the upcoming decades. This research first tackles the questions of what urban and urbanism is, to later proceed to what urbanism is concerned with. The goal is to orient oneself to the making of urbanism. A detailed cataloging of all the theories that have emerged through the years in a historical and thematic context shows what the trend has been through the decades and which problems urbanism as a broad term has decided to work with. The hope is that there will appear a pattern that can teach all new urbanists about the history of the profession and the mistakes that have been made, so that in the future the discourse about urbanism can be made on more solid grounds and on pragmatic problem solution rather than futuristic hopes and assumptions. This research will reach contemporary years so that it can be understood where the field is headed to. Successively, it is an insight into where cities might be headed, if solution finding tackles problems that appeared in the past, up to contemporary ones and the possible ones that might appear in the future. Urbanism is a field of research and is in constant movement and in evolution. Therefore, this research is aware that by the time of its publication it will already be outdated. Nevertheless, the goal for this research is to provide a stepping stone to further research within the field.

Sammanfattning Titel: Norrlandsboomen - en kvalitativ studie om platsmarknadsföring för att attrahera nya invånare. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Julia Karlernäs och Simon Ivarsson Handledare: Katarina Arbin Datum: 2024 -januari Syfte: Denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva hur arbetet med platsmarknadsföring sker i samverkan mellan olika aktörer för att attrahera nya invånare till en ny geografisk plats Metod: Studien har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv forskningsansats och grundar sig i insamlad empirisk data från sex intervjuer. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att de aktiviteter som sker i platsmarknadsföringen bland annat är marknadskommunikation av platsen via olika digitala plattformar, utveckling av samhället efter identifierade målgruppers efterfrågan samt arbete med värdskap och social inkludering för nyblivna invånare. Resurser som används är ekonomiska resurser, som hos kommunen är skattemedel och från H2 Green Steel kommer från investerare. Andra resurser är humankapital, organisatoriska och -relationella resurser. Huvudaktörer som är involverade är Boden kommun, turistföreningen Boden Turism, H2 Green Steel och Bodens invånare. Examensarbetets bidrag: Kandidatuppsatsen ger insikter i hur platsmarknadsföringen i en kommun går till för att attrahera nya invånare. Genom att identifiera aktiviteterna som utförs, resurserna som finns och vilka aktörerna är, klargör vi hur en kommun arbetar med platsmarknadsföring och vilka roller och uppgifter de olika organisationerna har. Vår studie bidrar även med kunskap om hur samarbetet och samverkan ser ut mellan de olika aktörerna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till vidare forskning är att göra en större studie där fler perspektiv i platsmarknadsföringen studeras. Vidare föreslår vi att ytterligare studier bör fokusera på hur man kan mäta vilken effekt platsmarknadsföringen har på beslutet att flytta till en ny kommun. Nyckelord: Platsmarknadsföring, platsvarumärke, ARA-modell, nyindustrialisering, kompetensbrist / Abstract Title: Norrlandsboomen - a qualitative study of place marketing in attracting new residents. Level: Student thesis, Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Supervisor: Katarina Arbin Date: 2024 - january Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how place marketing occurs in collaboration between actors to attract new residents to a new geographic location. Method: The study used a qualitative method with an abductive research approach and is based on collected empirical data from six interviews. Results and conclusions: The study shows that activities occurring in place marketing are, among others, marketing communication of the place through digital platforms, development of the municipality based on the demands of identified target groups and the work with hosting and social inclusion of new residents. Resources used are financial resources, which at the municipality comes from tax money and within H2 Green Steel from investors. Other resources are human capital, organizational and -relational resources. The main actors involved are Boden municipality, the tourist association Boden Turism, H2 Green Steel and the residents of Boden. Contribution of the thesis: The thesis provides insights into how place marketing in a municipality takes place to attract new residents. By identifying the activities that are carried out, the resources that are used and who the actors are, we clarify how a municipality works with place marketing and what roles and tasks the various actors have. Our study also contributes to knowledge about how the cooperation and collaboration takes place between the various actors. Suggestions for future research: Suggestions for future research is to do a bigger study where more perspectives in place marketing is taken into account. Furthermore, we suggest that additional studies should focus on how to measure the effect that place marketing has in the decision about moving to a new municipality. Key words: Place marketing, place brand, ARA-model, new industrialization, skill shortage

According to Ronald Ingleharts research deindustrialized and affluent societies are expected to have increasingly open, progressive, and tolerant citizens. However, during the last decade political developments have been reversed. More than 25% of Europeans now adays vote for a right-wing populist party. In addition, the globalization has created winning and losing regions, with one of its biggest impacts being deindustrialization of the West. Big cities have flourished while disfavored suburbs, smaller industrial towns and rural communities have been marginalized. Consequently, the support for right-wing populist movements is often highest in such negatively affected areas. Inglehart have previously explained this through the idea of a “conservative backlash” caused by a combination of increasing inequality and culturally revolting age-cohorts. His arguments are mainly based on cross-national or intranational data while other research pointing at the necessity to analyze the association between regional deindustrialization and the rise of the far right. This thesis filles that gap by conducting a multi- level analysis, in which Ingleharts theory is tested by studying associations between values and changing levels of industrialization in 327 European regions. The result confirms earlier research regarding the association between industrialization and authoritarian-libertarian values, but puts in to question Ingleharts explanation of inequality as the reason for the contemporary conservative backlashes. The result shows no support for a relationship between inequality and authoritarian-liberal values.