Si les travaux sur l’organisation territoriale et les découpages régionaux sont nombreux au Maroc, les études sur la mesure du degré des disparités socio-spatiales et les processus en cause dans la formation de ces disparités sont plus rares. Cette thèse serait une contribution à ces deux problématiques. Elle procède d’une part de la volonté d’expliciter et de mesurer la contribution des facteurs spatiaux et a-spatiaux à la dynamique des disparités inter-régionales au Maroc, et d’autre part, de tester l’hypothèse de convergence et de développement régional dans les régions périphériques. En tant que pays en développement, le Maroc connaît d’importantes disparités entre les seize régions qui composent son territoire. Ces disparités concernent à la fois la croissance démographique, les secteurs sociaux et la dynamique économique, et leur évolution est déterminée principalement par trois facteurs : l’urbanisation, les migrations et la localisation des activités. En effet, nos analyses montrent une concentration démographique et économique le long du littoral atlantique et des clivages entre la région centre et les régions périphériques d’une part et d’autre part entre les régions fortement urbanisées et les régions agricoles. Par ailleurs, cette recherche a fait apparaître qu’on ne pourrait freiner l’expansion de la métropole casablancaise, en étant le noyau dur de l’économie marocaine, qu’en offrant une alternative réelle pour la localisation des activités et des emplois dans les autres régions, et que celles-ci, ne pourraient le faire en comptant sur la seule aide de l’Etat. Elles devaient d’abord compter sur leurs propres forces, se mobiliser autour d’un projet. Et qu’il ne faudrait pas reproduire la tendance à la métropolisation du territoire marocain vers une poignée de métropole d’équilibre, au tour des capitales régionales comme le souhaitent certains responsables et spécialistes de l’aménagement du territoire. Mais, il fallait un développement socialement harmonieux et écologiquement durable, à chaque échelle du territoire. D’où la priorité urgente de développer le milieu rural, très longtemps marginalisé et en décalage avec la dynamique des villes. C’est un grand travail de rattrapage à faire. / If the works on the territorial organization and the regional divisions are many in Morocco, the studies on the measure of the degree of the socio-spatial disparities and the processes in cause in the formation of these disparities are rarer. This thesis would be a contribution to these two problems. She proceeds on one hand of the will to clarify and to measure the contribution of the spatial factors and has spatial in the dynamics of the inter-regional disparities in Morocco, and on the other hand, to test the hypothesis of convergence and regional development in the peripheral regions. As developing country, Morocco knows important disparities between sixteen regions which compose his territory. These disparities concern at the same moment the population growth, the social sectors and the economic dynamics, and their evolution is mainly determined by three factors : the urbanization, the migrations and the location of the activities. Indeed, our analyses show a demographic and economic concentration along the Atlantic coast and the splits enter the region centre and the peripheral regions on one hand and on the other hand between the strongly urbanized regions and the agricultural regions. Besides, this search created that we could not slow down the expansion of the Casablanca metropolis, by being the hard core of the Moroccan economy, that by offering a real alternative for the location of the activities and the jobs in the other regions, and that these, could not make him by counting on the only help of the State. They had to count at first on their own strengths, mobilize around a project. And that you would not should reproduce the tendency to the métropolisation of the Moroccan territory towards a handle of metropolis of balance, in the tour of capitals regional as wish it certain people in charge and specialists of the land settlement. But, was needed a socially harmonious and ecologically durable development, in every scale of the territory. Where from the urgent priority to develop the rural environment, very for a long time marginalized and in gap with the dynamics of cities. It is a big work of catching up to be made.

La thèse porte sur l’industrialisation du logement en France (1885-1970), de la construction légère et démontable à la construction lourde et architecturale. L’objet de cette thèse se place à l’interface de quatre grands sujets : l’existence de l’industrialisation avant la seconde guerre mondiale, la politique technique du ministère de la Reconstruction et de l’Urbanisme (MRU), les projets réalisés après la seconde guerre mondiale dont on applique les méthodes d’industrialisation imposées par l’Etat, et les principes de la charte d’Athènes. La période d’étude s’étend de 1885, premier témoin européen de l’industrialisation du bâtiment, à 1970 année de remise en cause de ce type de construction. l’industrialisation du bâtiment a des racines très anciennes, elle croît d’abord parmi les militaires, pour les besoins de la conquête coloniale, des campagnes, des guerres qui enflamment l’Europe. La cabane de plage ou la baraque de villégiature, la tente de toile, l’auvent de marché, sont autant de figures constructives qui prolifèrent en fin du XIXe siècle. Surtout, les expéditions coloniales menées tambours battants exigent rapidité, sécurité, capacité : la baraque est la solution industrielle. L’industrialisation se poursuit, non plus légère mais lourde. Elle est pour l’Etat la principale voie car elle diminue le prix de revient de la construction, réduit les interventions et améliore le confort des logements. A partir de 1945, l’Etat français nouveau investit dans la partie la plus sinistrée, encourage les innovations basées sur l’emploi de matériaux et de techniques en instituant l’agrément technique des « matériaux nouveaux et des procédés non traditionnels de construction ». Dans la première partie de cette recherche, nous avons essayé de montrer qu’il y a bien une industrialisation du bâtiment avant la seconde guerre mondiale. L’industrialisation occupe « brutalement » la construction légère dans les années 1890. La baraque démontable et transportable, militaire, ambulante devient l’objet de compétitions, de confrontations, d’intérêts guerriers en Europe de l’ouest. Des dizaines de modèles sont préfabriqués et montés en arrière des champs de batailles ou en prévision des conquêtes territoriales. Dans un second temps nous avons choisi de continuer l’histoire de la construction lourde dans l’après guerre, spécifiquement la construction du logement. Par conséquent nous avons choisi d’étudier deux projets remarquables de la période juste après la seconde guerre mondiale. 1- Le projet de la cité expérimentale de Noisy-le-Sec : au travers de ce projet l’Etat a essayé de tester les procédés et matériaux nouveaux permettant d’utiliser moins de matières premières et d’énergie, de simplifier la mise en œuvre, de faire connaître ces nouveautés pour faire de la technique une technologie et contribuer à l’amélioration de l’habitat (confort intérieur, équipement). Pour ce faire, il importe des procédés et impose des changements de rythme et d’échelle. 2- le projet des Grands Terres : Le chantier des Grands Terres doit être considéré comme le premier chef d’œuvre de préfabrication lourde de logements. Ce projet affirme aussi une nouvelle façon de penser la ville et son rapport à l’habitat, il est une des applications réussies de la Charte d’Athènes, bible de l’urbanisme de Lods, et une référence pour les évolutions urbaines des décennies 60 et 70. Enfin, pour élaborer cette recherche académique j’ai pris le parti “chronologique” ” : 1885-1940 “la construction légère et démontable”, 1940-1970, “la préfabrication lourde et indémontable”, 1945-1953 “ la cité d’expérience de Noisy-le-Sec”, 1952-1956, “le modèle achevé le plus réussi des grands opérations, le projet des Grandes Terres”. / The thesis focuses on the industrialization of housing in France (1885-1970), from the lightweight and removable construction to the heavy construction and architecture. The purpose of this thesis is placed at the interface of four major topics: the existence of industrialization before the World War II, the technical policy of the Ministry of Reconstruction and Urbanism (MRU), projects after the Second World War that applied the methods of industrialization imposed by the State, and the principles of the Charter of Athens. The study period extends from 1885, the first witness of European industrialization of the building, to 1970ties of questioning of this type of construction. The industrialization of the building has very old roots; it grows primarily in the military, for the needs of the colonial conquest, campaigns, wars, which inflamed the Europe. The beach cabin or the shack resort, the canvas tent, canopy of market, are as much constructive figures which are proliferating at the end of the nineteenth century. Especially, the colonial expeditions conducted drums requiring speed, security, capacity: the shack is the industrial solution. Industrialization continues to be not light anymore but heavy. It is the main route for the State because it decreases the cost price of the construction, reduces the interventions and improves the comfort of the housing. From 1945, the French State newly invests in the most stricken, encourages innovation based on the employment of materials and techniques in establishing the technical approval of the "new materials and non-traditional methods of construction". In the first part of this research, i have tried to show that there is an industrialization of the building before the Second World War. Industrialization occupied "brutally" lightweight construction in the 1890s. The shack removable and transportable, military becomes the object of competitions, confrontations, of interest of warriors in Western Europe. Dozens of models are prefabricated and really mounted in the fields of battles or in anticipation of territorial conquest. In a second time i have chosen to continue the story in the heavy construction in the after war, specifically the construction of the housing. Therefore i chose to study two outstanding projects of the period just after the Second World War. First is the project of Noisy-le-Sec, through which the state tried to test the processes and new materials to use fewer the raw materials and energy, to simplify the implementation, to raise awareness of these innovations to advance technology and contribute to the improvement of the habitat (interior comfort and equipment). To do this, it imported new processes and imposed changes in pace and scale. Second is the project of Grandes Terres: The site of the project of Grandes Terres could be considered as the first masterpiece of heavy housing prefabrication. In addition the project of Grandes Terres affirms a new way of thinking about the city and its report to the habitat, it is one of the successful applications of the Charter of Athens, bible of the urbanism of Lods, and a reference for the urban development’s decades 60 and 70. Finally, to develop this academic research I have taken the party "chronologically":1885-1940 "the lightweight construction and demountable", 1940-1970, "the heavy prefabrication and Unremovable", 1945-1953 "the city of experience of Noisy-le-sec", 1952-1956, "the completed model which is the most successful of major operations, the project of Grandes Terres".

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rezende_vd_me_fran.pdf: 10856254 bytes, checksum: 7ae4a41ce86bb84b4d1892369dd74407 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A cidade de Franca tem na indústria calçadista sua principal atividade econômica, sendo um dos maiores centros produtores de calçados do país. A partir da década de 1950 ocorreu a intensificação do processo de industrialização do setor, com a implantação de modernas técnicas de produção, voltadas para o aumento da produtividade. Essas transformações acarretaram um significativo crescimento populacional, destacando-se a migração de mineiros, em grande parte ex-trabalhadores rurais. O parque industrial é marcado pela heterogeneidade, englobando grandes indústrias com mais de mil trabalhadores, até pequenas oficinas de conserto. Estudos recentes buscaram analisar as experiências dos trabalhadores do setor no cotidiano de trabalho e extrafábrica. Abriram novas perspectivas de análise, dentro das quais se insere o presente trabalho. Ao longo do processo de formação e consolidação da indústria calçadista no município as mulheres ocuparam posição de destaque, compondo cerca de 40% da força de trabalho empregada nesse setor produtivo. Contudo, verificou-se que a história da classe operária do município havia sido escrita sobretudo no masculino, desconsiderando-se as experiências das trabalhadoras do calçado. Assim, tivemos como principais objetivos analisar o processo de formação das mulheres enquanto operárias, as relações de trabalho e as expressões de ação política de um conjunto de sapateiras que fizeram parte do processo de industrialização entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980. Trabalhou-se com um corpus documental composto por fontes orais, documentos sindicais e outras fontes impressas. Foi possível constatar que as trabalhadoras vivenciaram um processo de sociabilização caracterizado pela divisão sexual do trabalho e subordinação aos homens desde os anos iniciais de suas vidas, características persistentes... / The city of Franca - Brazil has in the shoemaker industry its main economic activity, being one of the biggest producing centers of footwear of the country. From the decade of 1950 the intensification of the process of industrialization of the sector occurred with the modern implantation production techniques, guided toward the increase of the productivity. These transformations had caused a significant population growth, putting in relief the migration of “mineiros”, mostly agricultural former-workers. The industrial park is marked by the heterogeneity, agglomerating great industries with more than a thousand workers, even small repair shops. Recent studies had searched to analyse the experiences of the workers of the sector in the daily of work and the extra-factory. They had opened new perspectives of analysis, inside of which it inserts the present work. Along of the process of formation and the consolidation of the shoemaker industry in the city the women had occupied distinction position, composing about 40% of the force of work used in this productive sector. However, it occurs that the history of the working class of the city had been written principally in the masculine, it ignoring the experiences of the workers-women of the footwear. Thus, we had as main objectives to analyse the process of formation of the women being workers, the relations of work and the expressions of politic actions of a set of women-shoemaker that had been party of the proceeding of industrialization between the decades of 1950 and 1980. We worked with a corpus documental composed for verbal sources, trade union documents and other sources printed. It was possible to verify that the workers had lived deeply a process of socialization characterized for the sexual division of the work and subordination to the men since the initial years of its lives, persistent characteristics in its experiences as workers...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Wilson Suzigan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva_SuzanaCristinaFernandesde_D.pdf: 10455470 bytes, checksum: 3beffcd5d809c01d9a3255f0c6fd1e05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta tese estuda a trajetória intelectual de Fernando Fajnzylber com o propósito de recuperar, sistematizar e apresentar uma leitura critica das suas idéias e de seus ideais relacionados a uma estratégia de política industrial e desenvolvimento econômico para a América Latina. Fernando Fajnzylber foi um teórico do desenvolvimento latino-americano e o responsável pela construção do novo enfoque teórico da CEP AL para a década de 1990, que deu origem ao projeto cepalino de "transfonnação produtiva com eqüidade". O elo condutor de sua obra sempre foi a busca pela superação dos entraves ao desenvolvimento econômico e da perene exclusão social na América Latina, isto é, a construção de um modelo de desenvolvimento menos dependente e menos excludente, que conciliasse crescimento com equidade. Sua proposta apresentava-se como alternativa ao projeto neoliberal para a América Latina, contrapondo-se aos teóricos e líderes latino-americanos que aceitaram a inevitabilidade objetiva do neoliberalismo e aderiram intelectualmente ao "pensamento hegemônico". Desta forma, seu legado intelectual nos conduz a refletir não somente sobre crescimento econômico, incorporação de progresso técnico, eficiência nos investimentos, mas sobretudo, distribuição de renda e eqüidade, visto que a justiça social ainda está por ser feita na América Latina / Abstract: This thesis has the purpose of analysing Fernando Fajnzylber's intellectual path, as an attempt of retrieving, systematizing and presenting a critical reading of his ideas and ideals for Latin America's industrial policy and economic development. Fernando Fajnzylber was a Latin American economic development theorist and also the key author of a new approach to ECLAC's (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) theory for the 1990's, which evolved into the "productive transformation with equity" project. The thread of his work has always been the search of ways for surpassing the obstacles to Latin American development as much as its everlasting social exclusion, which means the building of a whole new economic model - a less dependant and less excluding one, combining economic growth and social equity. Ris economic mode! proposal has been presented as an alterna tive to the neoliberal project for Latin America, placing itself over against region's theorists and political leaders who faced neoliberalism as something inevitable, joining its "hegemonic economic thought". For this reason, his intellectuallegacy drives us to reflect not only on economic development, absorption of technical progress, investment efficiency, but above all on income distribution and equity, since socialjustice remains to be done in Latin America / Doutorado / Historia Economica / Doutor em Economia Aplicada

Esta tese apresenta as relações, entre desenho industrial e arquitetura, que se estabeleceram no ensino da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, FAU USP, de 1948 até 1968. São discutidas as questões relativas à evolução do ensino de arquitetura e do desenho industrial (DI) até 1962. No plano da arquitetura, são observadas a reforma da Escola Nacional de Belas Artes, ENBA, a partir da direção de Lucio Costa (RJ, 1930), e a FAU USP, com a sua criação, em 1948, por Anhaia Mello, independentemente da Escola Politécnica (SP) e dos engenheiros-arquitetos. Sobre o desenho industrial, são estabelecidas algumas das influências das experiências internacionais - Bauhaus (1919-33), VKhUTEMAS (1917-30), HfG de Ulm (1947-68) - que, diretamente, ou reformuladas nos Estados Unidos, chegaram ao Brasil. São consideradas as interlocuções entre as primeiras experiências de ensino de DI no país, entre estas, o IAC-MASP, (SP, 1951-1953), a ESDI (RJ, 1963) e a FAU USP (SP, 1962), objeto central desta investigação. A partir da Reforma de 1962, liderada por Vilanova Artigas, é estudada a intenção manifesta de criação de uma Universidade do Projeto, em que, pela prática do ateliê, o profissional da FAU USP estaria apto a atuar em qualquer área de projeto: arquitetura, urbanismo, design de produto e design gráfico, constituindo assim uma escola de formação de designers de produto diferente da contemporânea ESDI. Outras questões abordadas dizem respeito à importância da cultura arquitetônica e da cultura geral nacional, para a realização da identidade do desenho industrial brasileiro, e à adoção de métodos do desenho industrial como recurso para uma produção arquitetônica em uma quantidade capaz de suprir as demandas sociais nacionais, sem perder de vista a sua qualidade. / This thesis presents the relations between industrial design and architecture that were established in the teaching of Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, FAU USP, between 1948 until 1968. The questions about the evolution of the architecture and industrial design teaching until 1962 are discussed. In the architecture plan, the reform of Escola Nacional de Belas Artes, ENBA, from the direction of Lucio Costa (RJ, 1930) and FAU USP, its foundation in 1948, by Anhaia Mello independent of Escola Politécnica (SP) and the architectural engineers. About the industrial design, some influences of international experiences are established - Bauhaus (1919-33), VKhUTEMAS (1917-30), HfG of Ulm (1947-68) - that directly or reformulated in the United States arrived in Brazil. The interlocutions between the first teaching experiences of industrial design (ID) in the country are considered, among them, IAC-MASP, (SP, 1951-1953), ESDI (RJ, 1963) and FAU USP (SP, 1962), main object of this research. From the Reform of 1962, led by Vilanova Artigas, the intention of creation of a Project University is studied, which using the practice of the atelier the professional of FAU USP would be able to act in any project area: architecture, urbanism, product design and graphic design, constituting a school of product designers formation different from the contemporaneous ESDI. Other questions are related with the architectonic culture importance and national general culture for the execution of the identity of the brazilian industrial design and the adoption of methods of the industrial design as a resource for an architectonic production in a quantity able to supply the national social demands, without losing its quality.

Esta tese historia a implantação e o desenvolvimento do Parque Industrial da Zona Sul de São Paulo, no que tange as indústrias metalúrgicas, a luta dos trabalhadores metalúrgicos desde o regime militar até o ano 2000. Historia a organização do movimento sindical nas fábricas, as diversas correntes sindicais existentes, os problemas enfrentados. e a atuação do Sindicato. As vitórias e derrotas, e as contradições existentes no seio da categoria e o a transformação do seu Sindicato de pelego agente aberto do capital. A história do Parque Industrial é reconstituída desde o processo de criação da infra-estrutura, na década de 1920, quando Santo Amaro ainda era Município e historia a luta sindical dos metalúrgicos da Região desenvolvida entre 1974 a 2000. O fio condutor é a luta entre o Trabalho e o Capital. / This thesis investigates the establishment and the development of the industrial park of the southern area in São Paulo city, focusing on metallurgy industries, the metallurgists\' struggles dating from the military regime up to the year 2000. It analyses the organization of the unionized movement inside the industrial plants, its different existing streams, the problems it faced and the Trade Union\'s performance. It also analyses the conquests and weaknesses, the existing contradictions inside this unionized group and the transformation of a stool-pigeon Trade Union into an open agent of capital. The history of this industrial park is described since the very beginning of its substructure in the 1920s, when Santo Amaro was still a town. The metallurgists\' unionized struggle is investigated from 1974 to 2000. The main interest is centered on the dispute between Labor and Capital.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Masiero de Campos.pdf: 410972 bytes, checksum: a76dc4c3ab1f39b49506bad6b9afd06e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-10 / As far as we can understand the development as a complex process of economics, politics, human and social changes, this paper has as objective to identify and analyze the industrial development reached for Toledo in the end of 1990 s. On the basis of bibliography, reference documents and social economics data evaluation about de city, region and state, the work showed up a high urbanization grade reached during the years and an increase on the number of industries and jobs, contributing as important factors to reach this position. Since an increasing and developing dynamics unleashed of Paraná economics, the industrialization process in Toledo began with the wood exploration and the first sawmill install. Following, the industry of mate and heart of palm, developed also from raw material, produced till they have possibilities here. MARIPÁ colonizer, important actor on the development process, also had the deal providing infrastructure and basic supplies to the city, the residents and the workers. Organizing the initial center, with Padre Patui collaboration, enlarged throughout the region building roads. The supplies needed stimulate new business and the city attracted new neighbors, accelerating the urbanization process. On the 1970 , the agricultural mechanization expelled the men from the country who came to the city looking for new jobs and better life conditions. The agriculture s men were transformed in bóia-fria because of the large states formed. The emptying didn t happen only on rural area, also the capital and the urban population moved to other regions looking for new business and life investments. Meanwhile, the civil and entrepreneurial society attacked the problem by industrialization strategy and on 1980 s the communitarian industries were formed. From Sadia subproducts, many companies were launched and another from these on the basis of communitarian work, inherited from Italians and Germans of colonization time. Toledo always had the accomplishment of government, business and financial community, and from the entrepreneurs with an innovative vocation. The municipal district, on 1990 s, is developed and reaches eminence on state and national level in many sectors. Therefore, this paper identifies that the relation between the industrialization process and the urban characteristics, determine an agro industrial character for Toledo, diversifying on industrial sectors but specialized on agribusiness industrialization / Entendendo que o desenvolvimento é um processo complexo de transformações econômicas, políticas, humanas e sociais, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e analisar o desenvolvimento industrial alcançado pelo Município de Toledo no final da década de 1990. Com base em bibliografia, documentos de referência e avaliação de dados socioeconômicos do Município, da Região Oeste e do Estado do Paraná, que subsidiaram a realização de estimativas e comparações, o trabalho revelou os altos graus de urbanização alcançados pelo Município no decorrer dos anos bem como o incremento no número de indústrias e postos de empregos, corroborando na visualização dos fatores que contribuíram para alcançar este cenário. A partir de uma dinâmica de crescimento e desenvolvimento desatrelada da formação econômica do Paraná, o processo de industrialização de Toledo teve início com a exploração da madeira e a instalação da primeira serraria. Seguidamente vieram as ervateiras e a indústria do palmito que, utilizando-se também de matéria-prima nativa, desenvolveram-se apenas no período que puderam, do solo rico existente, retirar para transformar e comercializar. A colonizadora MARIPÁ, importante ator no processo de desenvolvimento do Município, teve também o papel de estruturar a cidade para atender aos seus moradores e trabalhadores e fornecer os suprimentos necessários. Formatou o núcleo inicial, a partir da colaboração do Padre Patuí, e engendrou-se na região através da construção de estradas. O aumento da necessidade de provisões incentivou a formação de novos negócios e a cidade começou a atrair novos moradores, acelerando desde então o processo de urbanização. Na década de 1970, a mecanização da agricultura esvaziou os campos e lançou na cidade muitos migrantes em busca de trabalho e melhores condições de vida. Os latifúndios gerados transformaram muitos destes agricultores em bóias-fria e a cidade formatou-se de acordo com as necessidades das populações que para ela se dirigiam. O esvaziamento não se deu somente na área rural, os capitais e a população urbana também se dirigiram para outras regiões em busca de melhores investimentos. Entretanto a sociedade civil e empresarial de então se reuniu para atacar o problema de frente a partir da estratégia de industrialização e surgiram na década de 1980 as indústrias comunitárias. A partir de subprodutos da então consolidada Sadia, muitas empresas se formaram e delas outras surgiram tendo sempre como base o espírito de trabalho comunitário, herdado dos italianos e alemães da época da colonização. Toledo sempre contou com o apoio dos governantes, das instituições associativas e financeiras, da comunidade empresarial e da vocação inovativa e empreendedora de seus habitantes. O cenário que se mostra na década de 1990 é de um Município desenvolvido e pujante, que ocupa em nível estadual e nacional lugar de destaque nos diversos setores. Portanto, este trabalho identificou que a relação existente entre o processo de industrialização do Município e as características urbanísticas apresentadas colaboram na determinação de um caráter agroindustrial para Toledo, diversificado nos ramos industriais, mas especializado no concernente à industrialização do agronegócio

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonathan Dias Ferreira.pdf: 1953411 bytes, checksum: f47bce6a45f9ee9c5834ce19f0c1b8cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that affected the status of Brazilian industry in the international market, specifically the exchange, industrial policies and the situation of Brazil at the global value chain, with application of Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (IVCR) to exports of Brazilian industry in the world, from the 2000s can be seen that occurs in Brazil de-industrialization as loss of participation of the industrial sector in the Brazilian GDP. The rapid trade and financial liberalization in the 90s, combined there is an overvalued exchange rate policy in the 2000s, as a result of Dutch disease phenomenon in Brazil, may be adversely affecting the industry. Even if Lula and Dilma governments have established industrial policies to promote the sector and even if it was valid, but it was not enough in the face of an unfavorable macroeconomic environment, mainly due to the appreciated exchange rate and high interest rates that inhibit the necessary investments to the growth of industry. As a result, the country now focus its production and exports in natural resources and to participate in the global value chain as one of the leading countries in providing raw materials. As a result, the Brazilian industry lost share in Brazilian exports and the industrial sector showed low dynamism both external and internal, since there was a growing import of industrial products. / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores que afetaram a inserção da indústria brasileira no mercado internacional, mais especificamente o câmbio, políticas industriais e a situação do Brasil perante a cadeia global de valor, com aplicação do Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (IVCR) para as exportações da indústria brasileira em relação à mundial, a partir dos anos 2000. Pode-se constatar que ocorre no Brasil uma desindustrialização como perda de participação do setor industrial no PIB brasileiro. A liberalização comercial e financeira abrupta nos anos 90, combinado a uma política cambial sobrevalorizada nos anos 2000, em decorrência do fenômeno Dutch disease no Brasil, podem estar afetando negativamente o setor industrial. Mesmo que os governos Lula e Dilma, tenham criado políticas industriais para fomentar o setor e mesmo que tenha sido válida, contudo não foi suficiente, diante de um ambiente macroeconômico desfavorável, principalmente em função do câmbio apreciado e de juros altos que inibem os investimentos necessários para o crescimento da indústria. Em função disso, o país passou a direcionar sua produção e exportações em recursos naturais e a participar na cadeia global de valor como um dos principais países no fornecimento de matérias primas. Em decorrência disso, a indústria brasileira perdeu participação nas exportações brasileiras e o setor industrial apresentou baixo dinamismo tanto externo quanto interno, uma vez que houve uma crescente importação de produtos industriais.

Submitted by Misael henrique Silva do Amaral Amaral (misaelhenrique@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-07T20:33:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação final para entrega.pdf: 1430198 bytes, checksum: 417711847147c793e1aab95cafe33ac8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2013-05-10T14:26:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação final para entrega.pdf: 1430198 bytes, checksum: 417711847147c793e1aab95cafe33ac8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-05-14T12:27:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação final para entrega.pdf: 1430198 bytes, checksum: 417711847147c793e1aab95cafe33ac8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-14T12:28:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação final para entrega.pdf: 1430198 bytes, checksum: 417711847147c793e1aab95cafe33ac8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / This work aims to analyze the impacts of the development policy of Juscelino Kubitschek, who through legal devices implanted the shipbuilding industry in Brazil and the impact of this policy on military shipbuilding, and the Navy Yard in Rio de Janeiro (AMRJ) as representative of this process. Brazil is led to a mobilization of development based on industrialization and in this sense it is worth emphasizing three aspects importantes.As JK government measu res in the marine industry and as reflected in the Navy Yard in Rio de Janeiro. Another aspect is the historical moment of the 1950s experiencing the stage of the cold war between the powers Stays States (U.S.) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and it brings suc h developments from military agreements between the U.S. and its allies, with the agreement between Brazil and U.S. inserted in this context. The deployment of military shipbuilding industry in the country in the second half of the fifties in Brazil brough t a significant impact in the military shipbuilding, especially in the 1970s, when the Brazilian Navy regained his ability to design and build modern warships. / Este Trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os reflexos da política desenvolvimentista de Juscelino Kubitschek, que por meio de dispositivos legais implantou a indústria de construção naval no Brasil e os desdobramentos dessa política na construção naval militar, tendo o Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro (AMRJ) como representante deste processo. O Brasil é levado a uma mobilização de desenvolvimento baseado na industrialização e nesse sentido vale enfatizar três aspectos importantes.As medidas do governo JK na indústria naval e como refletiram no Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro. Outro aspecto é o momento histórico dos anos 1950 vivenciando o palco da guerra fria entre as potências Estadas Unidos (EUA) e União Soviética (URSS) e que traz desdobramentos como a partir acordos militares entre os EUA e seus aliados, estando o acordo Brasil e EUA inserido nesse contexto. A implantação da indústria de construção naval militar no país na segunda metade da década de cinquenta no Brasil trouxe repercussões significativas na área militar naval, sobretudo nos anos 1970, quando a Marinha brasileira recuperou sua capacidade de projetar e construir navios de guerra modernos.

Les cellules solaires organiques ont longtemps été qualifiées de cellules solaires« polymères ». Cette appellation découle du fait que la couche active de telles cellules solaires a majoritairement été réalisée avec un polymère donneur d’électrons. L’utilisation d’un polymère au sein de la couche active a permis d’envisager la production de cellules solaires organiques par voie liquide avec des procédés d’impression à grande vitesse. Il existe cependant un autre type de matériau donneur d’électrons : les petites molécules. Ces dernières déposées par évaporation thermique permettent d’obtenir des cellules à haut rendement. A cause de leur faible propriété filmogène, les petites molécules n’ont cependant pas été envisagées pour un procédé d’impression industrielle. Or, en 2012 plusieurs petites molécules déposables par voie liquide font leur apparition et permettent d’obtenir des rendements suffisamment élevés à l’échelle laboratoire, pour envisager leur à l’échelle industrielle. Ces travaux de thèse ont été conduits en collaboration avec ARMOR, une entreprise visant à commercialiser les cellules solaires organiques, dans le but d’évaluer le potentiel d’industrialisation des petites molécules donneuses d’électrons. Le p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 a été choisi pour cette étude. Il a été montré qu’il était possible d’atteindre des rendements de 2% avec ce matériau à l’air, avec des solvants non toxiques en utilisant un procédé d’enduction à racle. L’industrialisation du p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 n’a cependant pas été poursuivie car ce dernier est très instable à l’air. Ces travaux présentent une méthodologie pouvant être utilisée pour évaluer l’industrialisation d’autres matériaux de ce type. / Organic solar cells are often called “polymer” solar cells. This term comes from the fact that the active layer of such solar cells have been widely made with a donor polymer. The use of polymer inthe active layer gives interesting filming properties that can be used to produce these solar cells industrially with a high speed printing process. Yet, another type of donor materials exists: the small molecules. Deposited by thermal evaporation, this type of materials can allow to reach high efficiency solar cells. Because of their poor filming properties, small molecules were not a good candidate for an industrialization using high speed printing. However, in 2012 several solution processable small molecules were proven particularly promising by demonstrating high efficiency at a laboratory scale.These encouraging results let imagine that it could be possible to produce organic solar cells with such materials. This PhD work has been done in collaboration with ARMOR, a company highly implied in the commercialization of organic solar cells, in order to evaluate if small molecules materials could be use dindustrially with a high speed printing process. The p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 has been chosen for this study. It has been shown that it is possible to reach efficiencies as high as 2 % with such a material, using non toxicsolvents and by making the solar cell in the air with a Doctor Blade. Nevertheless, the industrialization ofthe p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 has not been pursued due to the rapid degradation of this molecule in the air. This work presents a method that can be used to evaluate the industrialization of other efficient small molecules.