This thesis analyses the transformation in health care system in Turkey with particular emphasis on Health Transformation Program (HTP) which has been in progress since 2003. This analysis is done from political science and public administration perspective where neoliberal restructuring process and related approaches such as New Public Management and epistemic communities are utilized. This dissertation argues and verifies that health care reforms in general and HTP in particular mainly target organizational and financial set-ups of the health care systems and these reforms are not only highly interrelated among themselves but are also the ones which bring about the most serious outcomes. In this regard an attempt is made to clarify the long-lasting confusion about what decentralization means in health care systems and to understand the trend in health care reforms towards producing hybrid models for organizational and financial set-ups. The thesis argues and explores that health care reforms targeting organizational and financial set-ups have been producing serious impacts regarding economic, political, managerial, clinical, equity and conceptual aspects of the health care system. This argument is supported by primary data derived from the research conducted in a public hospital in the post-HTP period. In its efforts towards understanding the repercussions of the HTP, this thesis points to the value of referring to the English NHS - particularly its way of reforming itself- where it not only extracts out the common points between the two cases but also attempts at making inferences from the latter for the incipient former.