Neste trabalho, à apresentada uma investigaÃÃo sobre a influÃncia da marca no processo de decisÃo de compra do consumidor de baixa renda da cidade de Fortaleza. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa quantitativa, com 291 pessoas em 27 bairros do MunicÃpio. Nesta investigaÃÃo, fez-se uso de um questionÃrio estruturado, aplicado por meio de entrevista direta e domiciliar. A base teÃrica explorou a temÃtica do comportamento do consumidor, especificamente seu processo de decisÃo de compra, bem como a marca e o mercado de baixa renda. Em sÃntese, as conclusÃes extraÃdas deste trabalho mostram que, como era de se esperar, o preÃo à o elemento que, na maioria das vezes, mais influencia a decisÃo de compra desse consumidor, contudo, para alguns produtos, como alimentos e de higiene pessoal, a marca prevalece na escolha, embora isto implique pagar preÃo mais caro. Este estudo fornece informaÃÃes que podem auxiliar as empresas no desenvolvimento de estratÃgias mercadolÃgicas, objetivando atingir a satisfaÃÃo das necessidades desse mercado especifico de forma mais eficaz. Nas conclusÃes e consideraÃÃes finais, sugerem-se propostas para trabalhos futuros, com novas abordagens das teorias discutidas e outros mercados. / In this paper, an investigation is presented on the brand influence in the process of consumer buying decision low-income city of Fortaleza. Thus, it was developed a quantitative survey with 291 people in 27 districts of the municipality. In this investigation was made using a structured questionnaire, applied through direct interview and home. The theoretical basis explored the theme of consumer behavior, specifically their purchase decision process as well as the make and bearish market income. In summary, the conclusions drawn from this study show that, as might be wait, the price is the element that most of the time, most influences the buying decision that consumer, however, for some products such as food and personal hygiene, brand prevails in choice, although this involves paying higher price. This study provides information that can assist companies in developing strategies marketing, aiming to achieve the satisfaction of the needs of this specific market more effectively. The conclusions and final considerations are suggested proposals for future work with new approaches to other markets and discussed theories.

O objetivo principal desta Tese é analisar e compreender as particularidades dos processos de criação de Consórcios Intermunicipais em três Estados brasileiros. Os Consórcios analisados são o Consórcio Intermunicipal de Produção e Abastecimento de São Luís (MA); o Consórcio Intermunicipal das Bacias do Alto Tamanduateí e Billings (Grande ABC-SP); os Consórcios Intermunicipais de Saúde de Minas Gerais. A questão central que orientou esta pesquisa foi a seguinte: como surgem os Consórcios Intermunicipais no Brasil, ao longo dos anos 90? Para responder esta questão, o trabalho foi estruturado a partir de três recortes: teórico, temático e empírico. Por meio do recorte teórico foi possível apresentar um arcabouço respaldado principalmente no que se convencionou chamar de formação de agendas de governo. Por meio do recorte temático foi possível localizar este estudo na órbita das questões relativas aos municípios brasileiros, bem como situar o debate sobre a cooperação intermunicipal ao longo do tempo. Por meio do recorte empírico realizou-se a pesquisa de campo orientada pela teoria previamente analisada. A hipótese central desta Tese é a de que a criação dos Consórcios Intermunicipais depende de dinâmicas locais nas quais dois fatores são fundamentais: a presença de um empreendedor de políticas públicas e a identificação de uma janela de oportunidades. Em outras palavras: os Consórcios Intermunicipais resultam de formas peculiares de como se articulam os interesses locais em torno de determinado \"setor\" de políticas públicas. / The main goal of this thesis is to analyse and comprehend the circumstances of the Intermunicipalities Consortia creation processes in three different Brazilian States. The Consortia chosen for analysis are: São Luis Intermunicipal Consortium of Production and Supply (MA), Tamanduateí and Billings Basins Intermunicipal Consortium (Great ABC - SP) and Minas Gerais Intermunicipal Consortia for Health. The main question that guided this research was the following: how do intermunicipal consortia appeared in Brazil along the 1990s? To answer the question, the thesis was structured in theoretical, thematic and empirical schemes. The groundwork mainly based on what was conveniently called the Creation of Government Agenda was possible through the theoretical scheme. Through the thematic scheme, it was possible to place this study in the scope of the questions related to the Brazilian municipalities, as well as establishing the debate about intermunicipal cooperation through time. Through the empirical scheme, a field research was realised based on the theory previously analysed. The main assumption of this thesis is that the creation of intermunicipal consortia depends on the local dynamics in which two factors are essential: the presence of an entrepreneur of public policies and the identification of a window of opportunities. In other words, intermunicipal consortia are a result of peculiar forms of how local interests become linked around a specific \"sector\" of public policies.

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are finite-state probabilistic systems with both strategic and random choices, hence well-established to model the interactions between a controller and its randomly responding environment. An MDP can be mathematically viewed as a one and half player stochastic game played in rounds when the controller chooses an action, and the environment chooses a successor according to a fixed probability distribution.<p><p>There are two incomparable views on the behavior of an MDP, when the strategic choices are fixed. In the traditional view, an MDP is a generator of sequence of states, called the state-outcome; the winning condition of the player is thus expressed as a set of desired sequences of states that are visited during the game, e.g. Borel condition such as reachability. The computational complexity of related decision problems and memory requirement of winning strategies for the state-outcome conditions are well-studied.<p><p>Recently, MDPs have been viewed as generators of sequences of probability distributions over states, called the distribution-outcome. We introduce synchronizing conditions defined on distribution-outcomes, which intuitively requires that the probability mass accumulates in some (group of) state(s), possibly in limit. A probability distribution is p-synchronizing if the probability mass is at least p in some state, and a sequence of probability distributions is always, eventually, weakly, or strongly p-synchronizing if respectively all, some, infinitely many, or all but finitely many distributions in the sequence are p-synchronizing.<p><p>For each synchronizing mode, an MDP can be (i) sure winning if there is a strategy that produces a 1-synchronizing sequence; (ii) almost-sure winning if there is a strategy that produces a sequence that is, for all epsilon > 0, a (1-epsilon)-synchronizing sequence; (iii) limit-sure winning if for all epsilon > 0, there is a strategy that produces a (1-epsilon)-synchronizing sequence.<p><p>We consider the problem of deciding whether an MDP is winning, for each synchronizing and winning mode: we establish matching upper and lower complexity bounds of the problems, as well as the memory requirement for optimal winning strategies.<p><p>As a further contribution, we study synchronization in probabilistic automata (PAs), that are kind of MDPs where controllers are restricted to use only word-strategies; i.e. no ability to observe the history of the system execution, but the number of choices made so far. The synchronizing languages of a PA is then the set of all synchronizing word-strategies: we establish the computational complexity of the emptiness and universality problems for all synchronizing languages in all winning modes.<p><p>We carry over results for synchronizing problems from MDPs and PAs to two-player turn-based games and non-deterministic finite state automata. Along with the main results, we establish new complexity results for alternating finite automata over a one-letter alphabet. In addition, we study different variants of synchronization for timed and weighted automata, as two instances of infinite-state systems. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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The goal of the master's thesis is to analyse the buying decision process in the market of mobile phones and determine the phases of the buying decision process focusing on individuals in the Czech and Slovak markets. In the theoretical part the thesis focuses on different views on the buying decision process and presenting the factors that affect the process of decision making. In the practical part the greatest attention is dedicated to the research of the consumer buying decision process in the market of mobile phones based on data from MML - TGI and a questionnaire survey. The analysis realized on the basis of Microsoft Excel tables and charts. In the conclusion of the thesis the obtained results are summarized with focus on the phases of the buying decision process and its factors in the market of mobile phones and marketing suggestions.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze a purchasing behavior of consumers in the market of biscuits and wafers, find specifics and map out the usage of sales channels. The first part focuses on the theoretical apparatus that helps to understand consumers' predispositions, lifestyle and purchasing decision process in general. The second part concentrates on biscuits and wafers and the current situation. The third practical part deals with the results of marketing research of consumers in biscuits and wafers category.

The thesis focuses on the buying behavior of consumers at the dermocosmetics market in the Czech Republic with a main focus on consumers of brands Vichy, Bioderma, La Roche-Posay, Avene and Eucerin. The work is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The first part is devoted to general theoretical knowledge in the field of shopping behavior of consumers, the buying decision process and its various stages. It also builds on the theoretical foundation of marketing research, its nature and process. In the practical part there is dermocosmetics market in the Czech Republic mapped together with the introduction of the above mentioned dermocosmetic brands. After secondary research follows the main part, which is the primary consumer research conducted through interviews with consumer of dermocosmetics, which is then compared with primary research of pharmacy staff selling democosmetics. The findings of the research are then formulated into practical recommendations given to the Active Cosmetics Division at L'Oréal.

The presented master thesis is focused on targeted communication and a college`s presentation for exchange students. It mainly deals with factors of foreign students which influence a process of choosing a particular school or faculty and their transfer to the content of the communication messages. The master thesis should help affectively addressing a specific segment of foreign students from chosen countries who are considering participating the ERASMUS programme, i.e. go to study abroad, thus they are potential students of the Faculty of Management (FM). This should lead to the full participation of the Faculty of Management in the ERASMUS programme, where the Faculty of Management would become a received institution, not only the sourced one. The main objective of the presented master thesis is to postulate an appropriate presenation`s form and content of comprehensive offer for foreing students which will be suitable with their wishes, needs and expectations. In order to achieve the main objective is conducted a survey among foreign students of chosen partner universities of University of Economics, Prague (UEP) at bachelor study programme. Its outpust are used to identify the main motives and incentives for decision to study abroad and selection of the host country and the host university or the faculty. These findings are transformed into proposition of the presentation in condition of the Faculty of Management and the town of Jindrichuv Hradec.

Background/Problematization: Many purchase decisions are made in-store and one wayof influencing the decision making process is through signs. Signs are said to drawattention to the product on which they are placed and result in increased sales. Sale signsare widely used to influence purchase decisions, but are there other types of signs that canimpact the purchase decision? Recommendations have also shown to affect consumer’spurchase decisions. However, most of the research within the subject have been done on thepower of social influences from friends and family, e.g. strong-tie relationships. Howrecommendations from experts (e.g. weak-tie relationships) can influence purchases is lessresearched, especially which type of recommendation sign have the most effect. Purpose: The purpose is to examine and map how different types of signs on shelvesrelated to staff recommendations for specific products affect their sales. Method: The scientific approach of the study is deductive and the corresponding researchmethod is a quantitative study with an experimental design and a descriptive focus. Anexperiment was executed in a supermarket on 28 products to test stimuli with differentlevels of information concerning staff recommendations with the use of signs. Result/Conclusion: The result showed only one stimuli to have significantly increasedsales. The stimuli consisted of adding a name of a specific staff member to therecommendation sign. The increase in sales might however have been caused by otherfactors than the applied sign as the outbreak of Covid-19 resulted in changed consumerbehavior at the time of the experiment. The results showed that no significant differences insales could be seen according to the number of alternatives each product had. This mighthowever be a result of the tampered data caused by the changed consumer behavior.

This study examines whether discounts affect the behavior of fashion consumers during the different parts of the buying decision process and in what ways. It also examines if and how this is different between men and women. The study is of qualitative form and the data collection has been done through semi-structured interviews. The purpose is to increase the understanding of whether discounts have an impact on the consumer behavior of fashion consumers in the different parts of the buying decision process and how this is different between men and women. The analysis is based on previous research on fashion consumption, discounts and male and female consumption, as well as a theoretical framework containing the buying decision process and emotional decision making. The results of the study show that discounts have an impact on the consumer behavior. The results confirm that the effect of discounts varies depending on when in the buying decision process they are offered. The study also identified differences between men and women’s attitudes and behaviors when they are offered discounts during the buying decision process. We can confirm that there are differences and that the differences depend on which part of the buying decision process the consumer is in. This study contributes to increase the understanding of the effects of discounts on male and female fashion consumers and when they are most effective. In future research, it would be appropriate to examine this in another area of consumption. Further on the study will be written in Swedish. / I denna studie undersöks om rabatter påverkar modekonsumenters beteende underköpbeslutsprocessens olika delar och på vilka sätt. Den undersöker också hur detta skiljer sig åt mellan män och kvinnor. Studien är av kvalitativ form och datainsamlingen har skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Syftet är att öka förståelsen kring huruvida rabatter harpåverkan på modekonsumenters konsumentbeteende i köpbeslutsprocessens olika delar samt hur detta skiljer sig åt mellan män och kvinnor. Analysen baseras på tidigare forskning kring modekonsumtion, rabatter och kvinnlig och manlig konsumtion, samt ett teoretiskt ramverk i form av modellen över köpbeslutsprocessen och emotionellt beslutsfattande. Studiens resultat visar att rabatter har påverkan på konsumentbeteende. Genom resultatet bekräftar studien att rabatters påverkan skiljer sig åt beroende på när i köpbeslutsprocessen de erbjuds. Resultatet tar även upp de identifierade skillnader som uppstått mellan män och kvinnors attityder och beteende kopplat till rabatter under köpbeslutsprocessen. Även här kan vi bekräfta att det finns skillnader och att det skiljer sig åt beroende på del avköpbeslutsprocessen. Denna undersökning bidrar till att öka förståelsen kring rabatters påverkan på manliga och kvinnliga modekonsumenter samt hur påverkan skiljer sig i köpbeslutsprocessen. I framtida forskning skulle det vara lämpligt att undersöka detta inom ett annat konsumtionsområde