• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 251
  • 51
  • 35
  • 33
  • 20
  • 20
  • 20
  • 20
  • 20
  • 20
  • 16
  • 10
  • 6
  • 5
  • 4
  • Tagged with
  • 540
  • 315
  • 77
  • 69
  • 57
  • 50
  • 46
  • 45
  • 41
  • 39
  • 39
  • 39
  • 31
  • 30
  • 30
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
441

Estudo das ligações entre pilares de concreto e alvenaria cerâmica de vedação

Jodas, Marcela [UNESP] 19 December 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jodas_m_me_ilha.pdf: 1356266 bytes, checksum: 018e99760788ea15eba777612fafa224 (MD5) / Fundação de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão de Ilha Solteira (FEPISA) / As estruturas de concreto armado vêm se tornando cada vez mais esbeltas, aliadas ao menor tempo de execução das edificações e aos menores prazos de execução da fixação da alvenaria na estrutura, cada vez com mais freqüência observa-se a formação dos estados patológicos nas alvenarias. As estruturas de concreto armado apresentam progressivamente deformações mais acentuadas, fazendo com que as paredes de vedação trabalhem, oferecendo resistência a esses deslocamentos surgindo assim patologias que se apresentam na forma de fissuras na interface pilar/alvenaria. Desse modo, surge a necessidade de estudos das ligações empregadas na interface pilar/alvenaria, que têm por objetivo “solidarizar” estrutura e alvenaria, distribuindo as deformações excessivas da estrutura que se traduzem na forma de fissuras e com isso diminuir a ocorrência de patologias nas alvenarias de vedação. Para tal, foram desenvolvidos ensaios de diferentes formas de ligação da interface pilar/alvenaria de modo a avaliar a eficiência dos dispositivos empregados no mercado da construção de edifícios de São Paulo atualmente, como a tela metálica eletrosoldada. Numa primeira etapa foram realizados ensaios de arrancamento direto à tração, de modo a se estudar o comportamento do dispositivo quando submetido ao esforço de tração. Foram ensaiados também prismas de alvenaria, com diferentes dispositivos de ligação inseridos de modo a se avaliar as resistências à tração das ancoragens inseridas na junta de argamassa, e numa terceira etapa, foram realizados ensaios em pequenas paredes, para se determinar o desempenho das ancoragens na ligação de paredes e pilares de concreto armado, na situação real. / Structures of reinforced concrete are becoming more slender, associated to the short time of building construction and with the lesser periods of masonry fixation in the structure, each time with more frequency can be observed the formation of pathological state in masonry. The structures of reinforced concrete progressively presents more accentuated deformation, making masonry to work, offering strength to these displacements, creating pathology that appears like cracks in the interface of column/masonry. Thus, it is necessary to study the bonds used in the interface column/masonry, wich has as objective “join” the structure and the masonry, spreading the excessive deformations of the structure that comes up as cracks, and diminishing the occurrence of damages in the forbid masonry. In order to do this, different tests in the interface column/masonry were developed in order to evaluate the efficiency of device used in the civil construction in São Paulo, as tela metálica eletrosoldada. In the first step, pull-out tests were done to sutdy the behavior of the device when submitted to a tensile strength. Prisms were also tested, with different kinds of bond gadgets inserted in order to evaluate the resistance in a traction of devices in the anchorages inserted in the grouts, and in a third step, small walls were tested to analyze the behavior of anchorages in the bond of wall and column, in the real situation.
442

Modeling and computation of the effective static and dynamic properties of network materials accounting for microstructural effects and large deformations / Calcul des propriétés effectives statiques et dynamiques de matériaux architectures prenant en compte les effets microstructuraux et les grandes déformations

Reda, Hilal 17 January 2017 (has links)
Nous analysons les propriétés dynamiques de milieux architecturés périodiques et de réseaux fibreux aléatoires en petites et grandes déformations, à partie de méthodes d’homogénéisation afin de calculer leurs propriétés statiques et dynamiques. Des modèles effectifs de type micropolaire et du second gradient sont élaborés afin de prendre en compte l’impact de la microstructure sur le comportement effectif. L’influence des degrés de liberté en rotation additionnels et des gradients d’ordre supérieur du déplacement sur les relations de dispersion sont analysés pour des comportements élastique et viscoélastique du matériau constitutif. Les milieux continus généralisés ainsi construits conduisent à des effets dispersifs, en accord avec les observations. Dans la seconde partie du travail, nous analysons l’influence des grandes déformations sur la propagation des ondes élastiques dans des milieux architecturés périodiques. Des méthodes théoriques assortis de schémas numériques sont développés afin de prédire l’influence des déformations finies générées au sein des structures sur l’évolution de leur diagramme de bande. Un schéma incrémental d’évolution de la fréquence et de la vitesse de phase du milieu continu homogénéisé est établi, à partir d’une méthode de perturbation établie pour des structures 1D, 2D et 3D, en considérant plus particulièrement des structures auxétiques. Ce schéma montre un effet important de l’état de déformation appliquée et de la densité effective sur l’évolution de la fréquence et de la vitesse de phase des ondes. Une méthode de perturbation spécifique aux structures périodiques nonlinéaires est développée afin de généraliser le théorème de Bloch pour couvrir les non linéarités tant géométriques que matérielles. Des modèles hyperélastiques du premier et du second gradient de différentes structures sont identifiés par des tests virtuels reposant sur une méthode d’homogénéisation dédiée, qui permettent de formuler des équations d’onde spécifiques – équations de Burgers et de Boussinesq – dont les propriétés dispersives sont analysées / Micropolar and second gradient effective continua are constructed as two different strategies to account for microstructural effects. The influence of additional degrees of freedom or higher order displacement gradients on the dispersion relations is analyzed in both situations of elastic and viscoelastic behaviors of the material. Generalized effective continua lead to dispersive waves, as observed in experiments. In the second part of the thesis, we analyze the influence of large deformations on the propagation of acoustic waves in repetitive network materials. Both theoretical and numerical methods are developed in order to assess the influence of finite strains developing within the networks on the evolution of their band diagrams. An incremental scheme for the update of frequency and phase velocity of the computed homogenized medium is developed based on a perturbation method for 1D, 2D and 3D structures, considering with a special emphasis auxetic networks. This scheme shows an important effect of the applied finite deformation on the frequency and phase velocity of the propagating waves. A perturbation method for nonlinear periodic structures is developed to extend Bloch’s theorem to cover both geometrical and material nonlinearities. Hyperelastic first and second order gradient constitutive models of different network materials are identified based on dedicated homogenization methods, from which specific wave equations are formulated - Burgers and Boussinesq equations - the dispersion properties of which are analyzed
443

Influence des défauts de forme sur les performances d'assemblages : application aux prothèses totales de hanche / Influence of form errors on assemblies performance : application on total hip implants

Grandjean, Julien 29 October 2013 (has links)
La performance des mécanismes est intimement liée à la précision des surfaces qui composent les liaisons. La démarche habituelle de l’analyse de ces surfaces est basée sur des hypothèses fortes concernant leurs comportements. Ainsi, les défauts de forme et de rugosité sont négligés et les surfaces sont supposées infiniment rigides. L’objectif principal de ces travaux est de développer une méthode permettant d’étudier l’influence des défauts de forme sur les performances des assemblages. Elle repose sur une méthodologie et des outils pour l’identification des défauts qui vont optimiser ou pénaliser les exigences fonctionnelles de l’assemblage. Dans ce manuscrit, deux cas d’étude sont proposés.Dans un premier temps, un montage de type bride (centrage court, appui plan) est étudié afin de valider l’ensemble de la démarche développée. Les outils utilisés reposent essentiellement sur la décomposition et composition modale des défauts, le concept de surface écarts, la recherche de zone d’appui stable ainsi que la quantification des déformations de surfaces de contact basées sur des modèles analytiques ou numériques. L’influence des défauts de forme sur la précision de mise en position est quantifiée par un domaine écart de liaison. Une confrontation entre la démarche théorique et un dispositif expérimental permet de valider l’approche. Par la suite, une liaison sphérique est considérée constituant une prothèse totale de hanche en matériau céramique. Pour ce cas d’étude, l’objectif est d’identifier, au regard des typologies de défauts, leurs conséquences sur l’apparition d’un phénomène sonore assimilable à du grincement appelé le squeaking. La démarche reprend les mêmes étapes que celles utilisées avec l’étude de la bride. Différents dispositifs expérimentaux sont mis en place confirmant la pertinence de cette approche. Des mesures spécifiques apportent des éléments d’analyse et de compréhension sur le comportement dégradé de la liaison. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans une collaboration entre 3 laboratoires : SYMME d’Annecy, I2M-IMC de Bordeaux-Talence, et la société Tural localisée à Marignier (74), laboratoire de recherche industrielle qui travaille sur des implants médicaux. / The performance of a mechanism is closely correlated with the accuracy of the surfaces that make up the mechanical joint. The most common approach used to study these surfaces is based on strong assumptions about their behavior. Form errors and roughness are neglected and the surfaces are assumed infinitely rigid. The main objective of this work is to develop an original approach to study the impact of form errors on the assemblies. It is mainly based on a methodology and associated tools to predict which defects will optimize or penalize the functional requirements of the assembly. In this manuscript, two case studies are proposed. In a first step, a plate flange (ball and cylinder joints added to a planar joint) is designed to validate the overall approach. Modal decomposition of defects, sum-surface concept, the determination of a stable contact area and quantification of contact deformation of surfaces correspond to the main theoretical tools used in this framework. The influence of form errors on the positioning accuracy is quantified by a clearance domain. Comparisons between theoretical approach and experimental setup are used to validate the models. Subsequently, a spherical joint is considered corresponding to a total hip implant with ceramic material. The objective of this study is to identify which type of form errors can impact the appearance of the squeaking phenomena. The same procedure is followed as for the first example. In parallel, several experimental devices are designed to validate the relevance of this approach. Specific measurements provide some key elements to understand the behavior of the implant subject to squeaking. This work is part of a collaboration between three laboratories : SYMME Annecy, I2M-IMC Bordeaux, and Tural company located in Marignier (74), an industrial research laboratory working on medical implants.
444

Um estudo das alterações dos parâmetros de transformadores oriundas de deformações nos enrolamentos: uma contribuição para o diagnóstico de vida útil / A study of transformer parameter changes caused by deformations in windings: a contribution to lifetime diagnosis

Saraiva, Elise 19 September 2011 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to study the changes that may occur in transformer parameters when any type of deformation is caused in its windings. To verify such effects, it will be analyzed possible variations in electrical, magnetic and mechanical parameters, which may indicate a lifetime decay of such equipment. To conduct this work, it will be used two computational tools for transformer modeling: ATP (Alternative Transient Program) and FLUX 3D which employs the finite element method. Some deformations are then applied in the transformer windings in order to verify the aforementioned parameters. Therefore, with such studies and techniques able to detect mechanical deformations in transformer windings, a computer methodology is developed for carrying out a diagnosis before such kind of failure removes the transformer from operation. / Esta tese tem como objetivo estudar as alterações que possam ocorrer nos parâmetros de transformador quando algum tipo de deformação incidir em seus enrolamentos. Para a verificação de tais efeitos, optou-se por analisar possíveis variações em parâmetros elétricos, magnéticos e mecânicos as quais podem indicar um decaimento na vida útil de tal equipamento. Para o desenvolvimento de tal estudo optou-se por utilizar duas ferramentas computacionais para modelar o transformador: o software ATP (Alternative Transient Program) e o programa FLUX em sua versão 3D, o qual emprega o método de elementos finitos. Deformações serão aplicadas nos modelos e análises realizadas para a verificação dos parâmetros supracitados. De posse de tais análises e de técnicas já utilizadas para a detecção de deformações mecânicas nos enrolamentos de transformadores, será apresentada uma metodologia computacional para a realização de tal diagnóstico, antes que este tipo de falha possa retirar o transformador de operação. / Doutor em Ciências
445

On integrable deformations of semi-symmetric space sigma-models / Deformações integráveis do modelo sigma da supercorda em espaços semi-simétricos

René Negrón Huamán 05 October 2018 (has links)
In this thesis we review some aspects of Yang-Baxter deformations of semi-symmetric space sigma models. We start by giving a short review of the sigma model description of superstrings and then we offer a self contained introduction to the Yang-Baxter deformation technique. We then show how to obtain an integrable deformation of the hybrid sigma model. Also, we show that the gravity dual of beta-deformed ABJM theory can be obtained as a Yang-Baxter deformation. This is done by selecting a convenient combination of Cartan generators in order to construct an Abelian r-matrix satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation. / Nesta tese revisamos alguns aspectos das deformações de Yang-Baxter de modelos sigma em espaços semi-simétricos. Damos uma breve revisão do modelo sigma de supercordas e, em seguida, oferecemos uma introdução ao método de deformação de Yang-Baxter. Em seguida, mostramos como obter uma deformação integrável do modelo sigma híbrido. Além disso, mostramos que o dual gravitacional da teoria ABJM beta-deformada pode ser obtida como uma deformação de Yang-Baxter. Isso é feito selecionando-se uma combinação conveniente de geradores de Cartan para construir uma matriz r Abeliana satisfazendo a equação clássica de Yang-Baxter.
446

Análise dimensional da aresta lateral de corte e núcleo de instrumentos reciprocantes antes e após o preparo do canal radicular / Flute and shank dimensional characterization of reciprocating instruments before and after simulated root canal shaping

Sampaio , Felipe Cavalcanti 02 May 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-02-03T10:29:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Felipe Cavalcanti Sampaio - 2016.pdf: 2347191 bytes, checksum: 1aee5c04358a4bdadb8bfdb66ba81a33 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-02-03T10:29:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Felipe Cavalcanti Sampaio - 2016.pdf: 2347191 bytes, checksum: 1aee5c04358a4bdadb8bfdb66ba81a33 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-03T10:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Felipe Cavalcanti Sampaio - 2016.pdf: 2347191 bytes, checksum: 1aee5c04358a4bdadb8bfdb66ba81a33 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of flute and shank dimensions present at the first 4mm to occurrence of plastic deformations and dimensional alterations in reciprocating instruments after RCP. Methodology: The reciprocating instruments used were Reciproc® R25, R40 and R50, WaveOne® Small, Primary and Large, Unicone® #20, #25 and #40. Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained of the first 4mm from the instrument’s tip (30X magnification) before and after shaping of simulated curved root canals. The instruments were used only once. The images were transferred to software AxioVision® to measure the instruments: flute area (µm2), shank area (µm2), flute longitudinal length (µm) and instrument transversal diameter (µm). The difference of data before and after root canal preparation (RCP) was compared by Students’ T test for paired samples and differences between instruments of similar sizes was performed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. The instruments were classified for the plastic deformations presence after RCP. Results: Reciproc® instruments showed larger flutes and smaller shanks. The Reciproc® R40 showed significant difference for transversal diameter at 0.5mm from the tip. Reciproc® had no plastic deformations. Unicone® instruments showed significant differences on #20 instruments for transversal diameter at 1.5 and 3.0mm from the tip, and instrument #25 had difference at 1.5 and 3.0mm and second and third flute longitudinal length. Plastic deformations were visualized on one instrument #20m and on three #40. WaveOne® instruments showed significant differences for first and fourth flutes length of WaveOne® Primary, and tranversal diameter at 2.0mm from the tip of WaveOne® Large. Plastic deformations were present in two of three Large instruments. Conclusions: In summary, Reciproc® instruments had greater area and length of flutes and smaller shanks compared to Unicone® and WaveOne® of similar sizes. Reciproc® showed greater flute to shank ratio. WaveOne® had the lowest flute to shank ratio. Unicone® instruments showed more plastic deformations. Higher flutes and lesser shanks had less plastic deformations after curved RCP. / Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência das dimensões da aresta lateral de corte e do núcleo do instrumento na formação de deformações plásticas e alterações dimensionais nos instrumentos reciprocantes. Material e métodos: Foram utilizados instrumentos endodônticos de rotação recíproca Reciproc® R25, R40 e R50, WaveOne® Small, Primary e Large e Unicone® n.20, n.25 e n.40. Foram obtidas imagens por microscopia eletrônica de varredura de 4mm a partir da ponta do instrumento (aumento de 30X) antes e após o preparo de canais simulados curvos, e os instrumentos utilizados uma única vez. As imagens foram transferidas para o software AxioVision® para realização das mensurações dos instrumentos: área da aresta lateral de corte (µm2); área do núcleo (µm2); diâmetro transversal do instrumento a cada 0,5mm (µm); e comprimento da aresta lateral de corte (µm). A diferença entre os valores antes e após o uso dos instrumentos foi comparada pelo teste t de Student pareado e a diferença entre os instrumentos de mesmo tamanho foi analisada pela ANOVA, seguido do teste de Tukey. Os instrumentos foram classificados pela presença de deformações plásticas após o preparo dos canais radiculares. Resultados: Os instrumentos Reciproc® apresentaram as maiores arestas e os menores núcleos. Os Reciproc® R40 apresentaram diferença significativa apenas para a mensuração do diâmetro transversal a 0,5mm da ponta do instrumento (P<0,05). Nenhum instrumento Reciproc® apresentou deformação plástica perceptível. Os instrumentos Unicone® apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significantes (P<0,05) na largura dos instrumentos n.20, a 1,5 e 3,0mm da ponta, e no comprimento das arestas 2 e 3, e na área do núcleo dos instrumentos n.25. Deformações plásticas foram verificadas em um instrumento Unicone n.20 e nos três instrumentos Unicone n.40. Os instrumentos WaveOne® mostraram diferenças significativas para o comprimento da aresta 1 e 4 do WaveOne® Primary, e diâmetro transversal a 2mm da ponta do instrumento no WaveOne® Large. Foram verificadas deformações plásticas em dois dos três instrumentos Large. Conclusões: Todos os instrumentos reciprocantes avaliados apresentaram alterações dimensionais após o preparo de canais radiculares simulados curvos. Os instrumentos Reciproc® apresentaram as maiores arestas laterais de corte em área e comprimento e os menores núcleos, quando comparados aos instrumentos Unicone® e WaveOne® de tamanho similar. Os instrumentos Unicone® mostraram a maior quantidade de deformações plásticas por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Maiores dimensões de aresta lateral de corte e menores dimensões de núcleo apresentaram menor número de deformações plásticas após preparo de canais radiculares simulados curvos.
447

Singularidades simples de curvas determinantais / Simple singularities of determinantal curves

Nancy Carolina Chachapoyas Siesquén 27 August 2010 (has links)
Neste trabalho, estudamos a classificação de singularidades de curvas espaciais simples que não são intersecções completas. O Teorema de Hilbert-Burch nos permite usar a matriz de representação para estudar a variedade definida pelo ideal gerado por seus menores maximais. Da mesma forma, as deformações da variedade determinantal podem ser representadas por perturbações da matriz e qualquer perturbação da matriz fornece uma deformação da variedade. Assim, o estudo das singularidades de curvas determinantais pode ser formulado em termos da matriz de representação da curva / In this work, we study the classification of simple space curve singularities which are not complete intersections. The Theorem of Hilbert-Burch enables us to deal with the presentation matrices instead of the ideals defined by their maximal minors. In the same way, deformations of the determinantal variety can be represented by perturbations of the matrix and any perturbation of the matrix gives rise to a deformation of the variety. Therefore, the study of determinantal curves can be formulated in terms of the presentation matrices
448

Arquitetura orientada por objetos para o MEF de alta ordem com aplicações em mecânica estrutural / Object-oriented architecture for high-order FEM with applications on structural mechanics

Augusto, Rodrigo Alves 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Marco Lúcio Bittencourt / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto_RodrigoAlves_D.pdf: 47284136 bytes, checksum: 2bd38de7405d98c59a2507e548ca15d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nesta tese é apresentada uma arquitetura orientada por objetos para Método dos Elementos Finitos de Alta Ordem (MEF-AO) para solucionar problemas de grandes deformações com material hiperelástico em mecânica estrutural. O programa hp2fem foi construído em linguagem de programação MatLab, sendo totalmente modular e facilmente estensível para qualquer tipo de problema. A formulação do problema de grandes deformações foi realizada com auxílio de operadores cinemáticos, de tensões e equações constitutivas. A solução do sistema de equação não-linear for feita através do Método de Newton-Raphson. Apresentam-se resultados para a simulação de problema de grandes deformações usando material neo-Hookeano compressível em problemas 2D e 3D e métodos de alta ordem. Também, problemas de contato e otimização de forma são tratados aqui. Conclui-se que a arquitetura funciona muito bem e que o uso do MEF-AO traz grandes benefícios quanto à taxa de convergência / Abstract: This thesis presents an object oriented architecture for the High-Order Finite Element Method (HO-FEM) to solve problems of large deformations in structural mechanics. The software hp2fem was implemented using the Matlab programming language and is fully modular and easily extensible to any problem. The formulation of large deformation considered the kinematic, stress-strain operators and constitutive equations. The solution of nonlinear system equations is performed by the Newton-Raphson method. Results are presented for the simulation of large deformation problem using neo-Hookean compressible material in 2D and 3D problems and the high order methods. Also, contact problems and shape optimization are performed here. It is concluded that the architecture works very well and that the use of the HO-FEM brings great benefits in terms of convergence rate / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
449

Modelagem e controle de caimento e dobras em superficies deformaveis / Modeling and control of draping and folds in deformable surfaces

Melo, Vanio Fragoso 28 April 2004 (has links)
Orientador : Wu Shin-Ting / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:43:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_VanioFragoso_D.pdf: 1580241 bytes, checksum: 61e5b4c09418c6c4e71a4c96ad52c667 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de modelo computacional de superfície deformável. Há duas vertentes de modelos de superfícies deformáveis fisicamente embasados: modelos de mecânica das partículas e modelos de mecânica dos contínuos. Os modelos de mecânica dos contínuos são mais realísticos e intuitivos, por se basearem numa estrutura geométrica contínua e utilizarem os elementos de Geometria Diferencial para a sua análise. Similar a maioria dos modelos deformáveis com base na mecânica dos contínuos, propomos um modelo de superfície deformável com base na superfície de Cosserat elástica. Diferentemente dos modelos existentes na literatura de Computação Gráfica e Animação, o nosso modelo considera a relação entre as deformações tangenciais e normais, e inclui um novo paradigma lineariz ável para estimar os vetores normais. Isto possibilita a formação de dobras e rugas a partir da ação de forças tangenciais. Uma implementação é apresentada. Para corrigir alguns tipos de desequilíbrios criados pelo método das diferenças finitas empregado na discretização, propomos fatores de correções das forças internas atuantes nas bordas. Experimentalmente, o modelo proposto foi validado com aplicações para caimentos, para criação de dobras e rugas de tecido de pano / Abstract: This doctoral thesis aims at presenting a proposal of a computational model for a deformable surface. There are two trends of deformable surface models that are physically based: particle systems and continuum mechanical models. The continuum mechanical models are more realistic and intuitive, since the underlying geometric structure is a continuum which can be analyzed with use of Differential Geometriy. Similar to most of works based on the continuum mechanics, we propose a deformable surface model based on an elastical Cosserat surface. Differently from the existing models in the Graphic Computer and Animation literature, our model considers a relation between the tangential and normal deformations, and integrate a novel linearizable approach for estimating the normal vectors. This provides an efficient way to simulate folds and wrinkles under the action of tangential forces. An implementation is presented. In order to correct some kinds of unbalance of forces, due to the methods of finite differences employed on the discretization, we propose correction factors for the internal forces that act on the boundaries. Experimentally, the proposed model was validated in the simulations of cloth draping, folds and wrinkles of cloth / Doutorado / Engenharia de Computação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
450

A novel methodology for high strain rate testing using full-field measurements and the virtual fields methods / Une méthodologie originale d’essai dynamique avec mesures plein champ et méthode des champs virtuels

Zhu, Haibin 10 March 2015 (has links)
Ce travail se concentre sur le développement d'une procédure expérimentale d’essai mécanique à haute vitesse de déformation de matériaux. La nouveauté de ce travail est l'utilisation de champs d’accélération mesurés comme cellule de force, évitant la nécessité des mesures des forces externes. Pour identifier les paramètres constitutifs des matériaux testés à partir des mesures de champs, la méthode champs virtuels (MCV) basé sur le principe des puissances virtuelles (PPV) est utilisée. En dynamique, avec la MCV, il est possible de définir des champs virtuels qui mettent à zéro les puissances virtuelles des forces externes. Au lieu de cela, l'accélération obtenue grâce à une double dérivation temporelle des déplacements peut être utilisée comme une cellule de force. Enfin, les paramètres élastiques peuvent être identifiés directement à partir d’un système linéaire qui se construit en réécrivant le PPV avec autant de champs virtuels indépendants que d’inconnues à identifier. Cette procédure est d'abord validée numériquement par des simulations éléments finis puis mise en œuvre expérimentalement en utilisant deux configurations d’impact différentes. Les résultats confirment que effets inertiels peuvent être utilisés pour identifier les paramètres des matériaux sans la nécessité de mesurer la force d’impact, et sans exigence de déformations uniformes comme dans les procédures actuelles basées sur le montage de barres d’Hopkinson. Ces nouveaux développement ont le potentiel de mener à de nouveaux essais standards en dynamique rapide / This work focuses on the development of a novel experimental procedure for high strain rate testing of materials. The underpinning novelty of this work is the use of the full-field acceleration maps as a volume distributed load cell, avoiding the need for impact force measurement. To identify the constitutive parameters of materials from the full-field data, the Virtual Fields Method (VFM) based on the principle of virtual work is used here. In dynamics, using the VFM, it is possible to define particular virtual fields which can zero out the virtual work of the external forces. Instead, the acceleration obtained through second order temporal differentiation from displacement can be used as a load cell. Finally, the elastic parameters can be identified directly from a linear system which is built up through rewriting the principle of virtual work with as many independent virtual fields as unknowns. Thus, external force measurement is avoided, which is highly beneficial as it is difficult to measure in dynamics. This procedure is first numerically validated through finite element simulations and then experimentally implemented using different impact setups. Both results confirm that inertial effects can be used to identify the material parameters without the need for impact force measurements, also relieving the usual requirements for uniform/uniaxial stress in SHPB like test configurations. This exciting development has the potential to lead to new standard testing techniques at high strain rates

Page generated in 0.1258 seconds