Os acidentes com presença de material biológico são uma realidade na prática odontológica. A utilização de medidas preventivas como a adoção das Precauções Padrão (PP) é essencial. Na vivência profissional na área da saúde, verifica-se certa hesitação dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) no que diz respeito à adesão de práticas seguras. Diante desse quadro, surgiu a seguinte indagação: que fatores podem associar-se aos níveis de adesão às PP, a fim de prevenir a exposição desses profissionais a material biológico? Desse modo, este estudo constituiu-se de uma investigação metodológica quantitativa com o objetivo de adaptar e validar um instrumento para verificação de fatores associados à adesão às PP entre CD. O instrumento compôs-se de 49 itens distribuídos em 5 dimensões. O processo de validação do instrumento seguiu as seguintes etapas: adaptação do instrumento para as situações que envolvem riscos aos cirurgiões-dentistas por meio da análise semântica e análise de conteúdo, as quais foram realizadas por um comitê de juízes. O instrumento adaptado foi aplicado entre os meses de maio a dezembro de 2008 para 224 cirurgiões-dentistas que atuavam na Rede Básica de Saúde dos municípios de Apucarana, Arapongas, Cambé, Ibiporã, Londrina e Rolândia, na região Norte do Estado do Paraná. Para análise das propriedades psicométricas, realizou-se validação de construto por meio de análise fatorial exploratória e teste de confiabilidade. Resultados da análise fatorial confirmaram itens divididos em três domínios: obstáculo para seguir PP; conhecimento da transmissão ocupacional do HIV e clima de segurança. A consistência interna dos domínios estimada pelo alfa de Cronbach variou de 0,73 a 0,88. Estes resultados evidenciam que o instrumento poderá ser utilizado por pesquisadores para avaliar os fatores de influência na adesão às PP entre os CD, considerando-se sua validade e confiabilidade. Em relação a análise descritiva exploratória dos itens, a dimensão Clima de segurança foi a que obteve a menor pontuação média (3,43 ± 0,62), enquanto a dimensão Obstáculo para seguir PP tanto quanto a dimensão Conhecimento da transmissão ocupacional do HIV apresentou pontuações bastante próximas, de (4,10 ±0,76) e (4,05 ±0,70), respectivamente. Estes resultados possibilitaram concluir que o CD tem uma percepção média em relação aos fatores individuais e aos relativos ao trabalho e uma percepção baixa dos fatores organizacionais, situação que pode favorecer a exposição destes profissionais a riscos desnecessários. / Accidents with biologic materials are customary in dental practice. Preventive measures such as the adoption of Standard Precautions are essential. In professional experience in healthcare some hesitation of the dentists on the adoption of safe practices has been verified. Therefore, the following quest aroused: what factors can be associated to the Standard Precautions levels of adhesion, in order to prevent the exposure of these professionals to biologic materials? Thus, this study proposes a quantitative methodological investigation in order to adapt and validate an instrument for the verification of factors associated with the adhesion to the Standard Precautions among dentists. The instrument was composed of 49 items distributed in 5 dimensions. The process of validation of the instrument involved the following steps: instrument matching for the situations that involve risk to the dentists through semantic and subject analysis which were carried out by a committee of judges. The adapted instrument was applied from May to December, 2008 to 224 dentists who worked at the public health system in the North of Paraná State in the following cities: Apucarana, Arapongas, Cambé, Ibiporã, Londrina and Rolândia. To analyze the psychometrical properties, a construct validation was performed through exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. Factor analysis results confirmed items divided into three areas: objection in following the Standard Precautions, knowledge about occupational transmission of HIV and safety atmosphere. The internal consistency of the domains which were estimated by the Cronbach\'s alpha varied from 0,73 to 0,88. These results show that the instrument can be used by researchers to evaluate the factors that influence the adhesion to the Standard Precautions among dentists, considering its validity and reliability. Regarding descriptive exploratory analysis of the items, the dimension of security atmosphere was the one that had the lowest average score (3.43 ± 0.62), while the objection to follow standard precautions as far as the knowledge about occupational transmission of the HIV virus presented very close scores of (4.10 ± 0.76) and (4.05 ± 0.70), respectively. These results allow the conclusion that dentists has an average perception concerning to individual and work-related factors and a low perception of organizational factors, which might facilitate the exposure of these professionals to unnecessary risk. The exploratory descriptive analysis of the items made it possible to conclude that not only the individual and organizational factors but also the ones related to work had a simultaneous association with the adhesion to the Standard Precautions among the dentists.

Submitted by BRUNA PORTELA ANDRADE CARDOSO null (bruna_portela@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-28T17:19:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Portela Andrade Cardoso.pdf: 5666794 bytes, checksum: e8006e5d82e2412ac3cee0f0aa594d9c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-29T20:52:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_bpa_me_bot.pdf: 5666794 bytes, checksum: e8006e5d82e2412ac3cee0f0aa594d9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T20:52:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_bpa_me_bot.pdf: 5666794 bytes, checksum: e8006e5d82e2412ac3cee0f0aa594d9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Introdução: Sabe-se que a amamentação diminui o riscodedesenvolver más oclusões, consideradas problemas de saúde pública. Cabe ao odontólogo orientar as gestantes e puérperas sobre a importância da prevenção precoce de más oclusões e alterações crânio-mandibulares por meio do aleitamento materno (AM). Objetivo: Conhecer a visão dos odontólogos da rede municipal de saúde de um município do interior paulista acerca do AMna prevenção da má oclusão dentária. Material e Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativadesenvolvido nas unidades básicas de saúde tradicionais, nas unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e no Centro de Especialidade Odontológica. A população do estudo foi de40 odontólogos e a coleta de dados foi realizada de novembro de 2015 a maio de 2016, por meio de questionário semiestruturado, contendo 38 questões fechadas e uma questão aberta. Para tratamento dos dados da questão aberta, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo representacional do tipo temática, sendo a discussão alicerçada no Caderno de Saúde Bucal (SB) da Atenção Básica (AB) nº 17 do Ministério da Saúde.Resultados:A maioria dos odontólogos (82, 5%) relatouter especialização e 84,8% referiram que a pós-graduação não forneceu um bom conhecimento sobre AM. Observou-se que 30% desses profissionais desenvolveram trabalho preventivo e/ou educativo junto a gestantes e puérperase77,5% não possuíam conhecimento da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal relativa a gestantes e puérperas. Destaca-se que 67,5% delesnão orientam na fase do desmame, 90% não orientam as mães sobre a importância do AM para reduzir o hábito de interposição labial e62, 5% não orientaram as mães sobre a relação existente entre AM e má oclusão. Na dimensão qualitativa desvelaram-se cinco categorias temáticas: 1) “Sobrecarga aliada ao excesso da demanda curativa em detrimento do trabalho preventivo”. 2) “Deparando-se com a má oclusão na prática clínica e a insuficiência da prevenção”. 3) “Culpabilização das mães por não amamentarem seus filhos”. 4) “Falta de apoio da gestão e de capacitação para desenvolver ações preventivas”. 5) “Ausência de protocolos norteadores e políticas públicas voltadas a gestantes e puérperas, incluindo os cuidados preventivos com a má oclusão”. Conclusão: infere-se que os participantes conhecem a importância do AM para a prevenção de más oclusões e entendem a relevância das orientações às mães, para que haja o correto desenvolvimento do sistema estomatognático e facial das crianças. No entanto, em virtude da baixa autonomia profissional aliada ao excesso da prática curativa, em detrimento da preventiva, e de uma supervalorização do saber técnico-científico, em detrimento da parte educativa, os odontólogos se sentem distantes do tema e não se veem como agentes de promoção da SB para o desenvolvimento facial. Ressalta-se uma culpabilização das gestantes e puérperas, devido as suas condições socioeconômicas e culturais. Embora as questões das más oclusões sejam abordadas pelo caderno de SB da AB, os odontólogos apresentam pouco conhecimento tanto sobre as normas e diretrizes gerais como sobre aquelas voltadas às gestantes e puérperas, todas presentes no caderno de SB. Espera-se, portanto, que os resultados possam estimular os gestores e odontólogos a valorizarem a prevenção da má oclusão por meio do AM, a orientarem as gestantes e puérperas e a estabelecerem protocolos orientadores sobre a temática. Essas atitudes podem ser consideradas uma possível resolução, a médio e longo prazo, da questão, configurando-se como uma estratégia real de enfrentamento das oclusopatias e de todos os agravos decorrentes destas ao desenvolvimento bio-psico-social adequado dos indivíduos. / Introduction: It is acknowledged that breastfeeding reduces the risk of developing malocclusions, considered to be public health problems. It is up to the dentist to guide the pregnant and postpartum women about the importance of the early prevention of malocclusions and cranial mandibular alterations through breastfeeding. Objective: To know the vision of the dentists of the municipal health system of a municipality in São Paulo countryside towards the AMna prevention of dental malocclusion. Material and Method: descriptive study of quantitative and qualitative approach developed in the basic units of traditional health, in the Family Health Strategy units and in the Dental Specialty Center. The study population consisted of 40 dentists and the data collection was performed from November 2015 to May 2016, through a semi-structured questionnaire, containing 38 closed questions and one open question. For the treatment of the data of the open question, the analysis was used of representational content of the thematic type, and the discussion was based on the Oral Health Brochure of Basic Care No. 17 of the Ministry of Health. Results: Most dentists (82.5%) reported having specialization and 84.8% -reported that the post-graduation did not provide a good understanding of AM. It was observed that 30% of these professionals developed preventive and / or educational work with pregnant women and postpartum women, and 77.5% did not have knowledge of the National Oral Health Policy regarding pregnant women and postpartum women. It is striking that 67.5% of them do not guide the weaning phase, 90% do not advise mothers on the importance of AM to reduce the habit of lip insertion, and 62.5% did not advise mothers about the relationship between AM and Malocclusion. In the qualitative dimension, five thematic categories were revealed: 1) "Overload combined with excess curative demand to the detriment of preventive work". 2) "Facing malocclusion in clinical practice and insufficient prevention". 3) "Mothers are blamed for not breastfeeding their children." 4) "Lack of management support and capacity to develop preventive actions". 5) "Absence of guiding protocols and public policies aimed at pregnant women and postpartum women, including preventive care with malocclusion". Conclusion: It is inferred that the participants consider a value of AM for occlusion prevention and understand a relevance of the guidelines for mothers, so that there is or correct development of the stomatognathic and facial system of children. However, due to the low professional autonomy coupled with the excess of the curative practice, to the detriment of prevention, and a supervision of the technical-scientific knowledge, to the detriment of the educational part, dentists feel distant from the subject and does not see itself as a SB promotion agent for facial development. It is important to blame pregnant women and puerperal women for their socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Although the issues are more comprehensive and are addressed by AB's SB notebook, the topics related to this topic are about general guidelines and guidelines on those focused on pregnant women and puerperal women. It is expected, therefore, that the results are estimated in managers and dentists to value the prevention of malocclusion through the MA, a guide as pregnant women and puerperas and a set of guiding protocols on a thematic. These attitudes can be considered in a possible resolution, a medium and long term, a question of configuration, a real strategy of coping with the occlusions and all the problems of development.

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure and assess the implant education received by graduates from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics. This study measured the self-reported competency levels of dental practitioners with regards to providing and maintaining dental implants as treatment modalities to their patients. The study assessed dental graduates’ willingness to practice and perform dental implant procedures, including both surgical and prosthetic treatments. Additionally, the study identifies challenges that face practicing dentists treating patients with dental implants and identifies the preferred way practitioners seek future training after completing dental school. Methods: A 36-item electronic survey was created and distributed to 737 dentists who graduated from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics. Dentists’ demographics, practice characteristics, and detailed self-reported competency in implant dentistry were collected. Statistical analysis of the responses consisted of descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis, and nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Spearman’s rank correlation test along with a chi-square test were used for detecting the differences, correlations and associations under different conditions. Results: 154 dentists completed the survey (21% response rate), while only 143 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included for the statistical analysis. The survey consisted mostly of males (56.6%). The mean age of respondents was 34.2 years old with a mean practice time of 6.2 years. Of the responding dentists, 21.7% completed a postgraduate training program and 51% of the respondents were in group practice. 66% of the respondents practice in the Midwest region of the US and 71.3% of the respondents took continuing educational courses in implant dentistry and the mean cumulative hours of CE courses in implant dentistry was 33.8 hours. The mean average of implant restorations provided per year was 11.7 and the mean average of implant placements per year was 19.6. There was a significant correlation between cumulative hours of Continuing Education courses and number of implant units on average placed or restored. 64.3% of the dentists are not satisfied with the implant education given at the dental student level. 95.8% of the dentists reported that dental school training is not adequate to surgically place dental implants in their practice. Only 32.4% reported that dental school training was not adequate to restore dental implants in their practice. The preferred way to receive additional training about dental implants is short-term CE courses and workshop courses conducted by implant companies. 23.6% of the dentists reported they are competent at surgically placing dental implants in their practice. 79.1% reported they are competent at restoring dental implants in the dental office. Only 28.4% reported that they feel dental implants are more difficult than other dental treatments. Conclusions: Graduate dentists from the University of Iowa are not expected to be competent in all components of implant dentistry without further postgraduate training. Respondents stated that their dental school training in surgical placement of implants was inadequate. To build upon their dental school training, the two main preferred education pathways as reported by respondents were short-term continuing education courses and workshops courses conducted by implant companies. Within the parameters of this study, we can conclude the following: 1.Age, GPA, number of CE hours in dental implant therapy, specialty status, and time since graduation did not influence undergraduate education satisfaction in dental implant therapy. 2.There is a positive correlation between the number of CE course hours and the number of implant units restored or placed by general dentists. 3.Male dentists, those who practice in group practice settings, and those who have graduated six or more years ago reported a greater number of CE course hours in dental implant therapy. 4.Those who graduated with GPAs less than or equal to 3.4, general dentists, and those who enrolled in a high number of CE courses were more confident in restoring dental implants. 5.Those who graduated with a GPA greater than or equal to 3.5, specialist dentists, and those who enrolled in a high number of CE courses were more confident in surgically placing dental implants. 6.Males, general dentists, those who practice in a group practice setting, and those who graduated six years or more ago restored more implants on average per year. 7.Males, specialist dentists, those who practice outside the Midwest US, and those who graduated six years or more ago surgically place more implants on average per year.

Master of Dental Surgery / The safety of amalgam restorations has been challenged, claims having been made that health risks are associated with the constituent mercury. There are assertions that mercury released from amalgam produces mercury poisoning, and is thus responsible for diverse symptoms of impaired health as well as disease states such as Multiple Sclerosis. This study examines the various forms of mercury and their effects and attempts particularly to delineate the significance of dental amalgam as a factor in hypersensitivity reactions and in the human body burden of mercury. Dental personnel are evaluated as a potentially high-risk group for mercury exposure. Dental amalgam and alternative restorative materials are considered, the removal of amalgam being evaluated as a therapeutic modality. The “anti-amalgam” perspective is scrutinised and the validity of the claims assessed. A review of the scientific literature, and the statements of national and international dental and scientific literature, and the statements of national and international dental and scientific organisations reflect the general support for the safety of dental amalgam. There is no evidence that health risks are associated with the use of dental amalgam other than rare local allergic reactions and oral lichenoid lesions. Notwithstanding the usefulness and safety of dental amalgam certain recommendations and conclusions are made in respect of future approaches to the utilisation of this material and for mercury in general. Further objective scientific research is necessary to determine the effects on human health of chronic exposure to low levels of mercury. There is the need for accurate general population threshold levels to be established for mercury vapour with special consideration for the vulnerable members of the community. The health professions have a significant role to play in providing informed opinion and advice for their patients and the public, in countering the more eccentric claims of the anti-amalgamists and assuaging the anxiety and confusion which accompanies this subject.

Master of Dental Surgery / This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au

<p>This was a cross-sectional study done in Lagos, Nigeria on 114 dentists. The aim of the study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes of dentists towards the concept of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). This study also attempted to create an awareness of this concept in the minds of previously uninformed dentists as well as demonstrate its need in continuous professional education via seminars, updates, lectures and short-term courses in Lagos, Nigeria.</p>

Requirement and supply projections for dentists Aim of the study. To prepare requirement and supply projections for dentists in Lithuania for the next decade. Objectives. 1) To evaluate the changes in number and distribution of dentists in Lithuania in 1993-2004; 2) To evaluate the drop out from undergraduate studies of students of the Faculty of Odontology of Kaunas University of Medicine; 3) To evaluate the retention in profession of dental graduates of Faculty of Odontology of Kaunas University of Medicine; 4) To determine the requirement for dentists until 2015; 5) To forecast supply of dentists for the next decade. Methods. While estimating the number and distribution of dentists in Lithuania the data of Lithuanian Health Information Centre were analyzed. While estimating the distribution of dentists by age and gender in Lithuania the data of Health Care and Pharmacy Professionals Licence Registry were analyzed. While estimating the drop out from undergraduate studies and retention in the profession, cohort analysis of the matriculates of Faculty of Odontology of Kaunas University of Medicine was carried out. The requirement for dentists was evaluated by carrying out the Delphi survey. Supply of dentists was projected using computer simulation model by J. Dewdney. Results. In 1993-2004 the number of dentists per 10 thousand population increased from 5.3 to 6.6 in Lithuania. There were 2272 dentists in Lithuania in 2004. Only one third of them were working in districts... [to full text]

<p>This was a cross-sectional study done in Lagos, Nigeria on 114 dentists. The aim of the study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes of dentists towards the concept of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). This study also attempted to create an awareness of this concept in the minds of previously uninformed dentists as well as demonstrate its need in continuous professional education via seminars, updates, lectures and short-term courses in Lagos, Nigeria.</p>

Master of Dental Surgery / The safety of amalgam restorations has been challenged, claims having been made that health risks are associated with the constituent mercury. There are assertions that mercury released from amalgam produces mercury poisoning, and is thus responsible for diverse symptoms of impaired health as well as disease states such as Multiple Sclerosis. This study examines the various forms of mercury and their effects and attempts particularly to delineate the significance of dental amalgam as a factor in hypersensitivity reactions and in the human body burden of mercury. Dental personnel are evaluated as a potentially high-risk group for mercury exposure. Dental amalgam and alternative restorative materials are considered, the removal of amalgam being evaluated as a therapeutic modality. The “anti-amalgam” perspective is scrutinised and the validity of the claims assessed. A review of the scientific literature, and the statements of national and international dental and scientific literature, and the statements of national and international dental and scientific organisations reflect the general support for the safety of dental amalgam. There is no evidence that health risks are associated with the use of dental amalgam other than rare local allergic reactions and oral lichenoid lesions. Notwithstanding the usefulness and safety of dental amalgam certain recommendations and conclusions are made in respect of future approaches to the utilisation of this material and for mercury in general. Further objective scientific research is necessary to determine the effects on human health of chronic exposure to low levels of mercury. There is the need for accurate general population threshold levels to be established for mercury vapour with special consideration for the vulnerable members of the community. The health professions have a significant role to play in providing informed opinion and advice for their patients and the public, in countering the more eccentric claims of the anti-amalgamists and assuaging the anxiety and confusion which accompanies this subject.

Master of Dental Surgery / This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au