No description available.

Green technologies have recently gained interest for many reasons. Economic factors in conjunction with an increased social desire to reduce our environmental impact on the Earth have created a desire for more environmentally friendly technologies, especially automotive technologies such as the electric car. While public interest in electric vehicles is growing, there are a number of challenges which must first be addressed before their widespread adoption is possible. Cost, longevity, and range are all important factors which need to be addressed for electric vehicles to compete directly with their gasoline counterparts. By more efficiently using the energy stored within the battery pack, some of these issues can be addressed. This study focuses on the thermal management systems for electric vehicles and the application of design optimization in the early design phase considering the pack in its entirety. A liquid cooling system is considered for a current generation electric vehicle, with time dependent heat generation rates within the battery cells based on vehicle operating conditions. Identifying the most efficient distribution of cooling within the battery pack to achieve uniform temperature is the objective of optimization. Simulations were performed on a complete battery pack model, featuring 288 battery cells and 144 cooling plates. Anisotropic material properties and non-uniform heat generation rates are included as well as energy demands based on a representative vehicle drive cycle. Results have shown that through design optimization, the standard deviation of temperature within the battery cells can be improved by as much as 80% when compared to a conventional design. The standard deviation of temperature saw improvement from an average of 0.2828 K for a conventional design to 0.05318 K after optimization. These results are specific to the given battery pack construction, battery cell, and cooling type. The method of modeling and analysis can be extended to many battery geometries and cooling technologies in the future. Application of design optimization to the problem of thermal iii management system design can yield significant improvements to battery pack thermal management, and thereby incrementally improve the efficiency of electrified vehicles. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-30 10:49:28.639

Thesis (Ph. D. in Aeronautics and Astronautics)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2002. / Dissertation supervisor: Raymond P. Shreeve. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-161). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: tolerance assignment, genetic algorithms. Includes bibliographical references (p.59-65).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100).

Toll plazas have several toll payment types such as manual, automatic coin machines, electronic and mixed lanes. In places with high traffic flow, the presence of toll plaza causes a lot of traffic congestion; this creates a bottleneck for the traffic flow, unless the correct mix of payment types is in operation. The objective of this research is to determine the optimal lane configuration for the mix of the methods of payment so that the waiting time in the queue at the toll plaza is minimized. A queuing model representing the toll plaza system and a nonlinear integer program have been developed to determine the optimal mix. The numerical results show that the waiting time can be decreased at the toll plaza by changing the lane configuration. For the case study developed an improvement in the waiting time as high as 96.37 percent was noticed during the morning peak hour.

Dynamic model creation and support for the Lua scripting language was added to the Horizon Simulation Framework used for the verification and validation of system-level requirements. The addition of scripting support allows for subsystem models and their algorithms to be defined using a simpler scripting language, rather than C++. The Luabind library by Rasterbind software is used to expose the C++ algorithms and classes to Lua that are already defined in the framework. Interoperability between Lua and C++ code allows for the ease of use of a scripting language while utilizing the utility classes and functions already created. The dynamic model creation algorithm developed allows for the structure and logic of the simulated system to be defined completely using XML and text files as input to the framework. Dynamic model creation prevents the need to re-compile the framework every time small changes are made and greatly simplifies the changes required to simulate a different model. A runtime analysis shows that using a scripting language does not decrease the performance significantly, while increasing usability and decreasing the time required to set up simulations. Tests where the scripted code uses only classes and function exposed by luabind show that there is virtually no performance decrease when compared to the same algorithms in C++. Performance decreases as more of the algorithm implemented is executed in Lua. An example test scenario that represents the typical use of the framework showed only a minor decrease in performance. The multi-threaded scheduler developed works with the scripting support and allows for modern multi-core or multi-processor computers to be used most efficiently for simulations. This thesis describes the algorithms of dynamic model creation and scripting support, as well as the methodology used to expose C++ code to Lua. This thesis also presents the architecture changes required to support dynamic model creation, scripting support, and multi-threaded scheduling. Finally, runtime results of the added scripting support are presented.

No description available.

High aspect-ratio, long-endurance aircraft require different design modeling from those with traditional moderate aspect ratios. High aspect-ratio, long endurance aircraft are generally more flexible structures than the traditional wing; therefore, they require modeling methods capable of handling a flexible structure even at the preliminary design stage. This work describes a design optimization method for combining rigid and inflatable wing design. The design will take advantage of the benefits of inflatable wing configurations for minimizing weight, while saving on design pressure requirements and allowing portability by using a rigid section at the root in which the inflatable section can be stowed. The multidisciplinary design optimization will determine minimum structural weight based on stress, divergence, and lift-to-drag ratio constraints. Because the goal of this design is to create an inflatable wing extension that can be packed into the rigid section, packing constraints are also applied to the design. / Master of Science