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This work aims to explore the linking of bodyparts and the internal interaction of material, body and motion in order to establish a new relationship between body and dress. The common system in construction of dress is based on an absent body, consequently dividing it into predetermined pieces, where the parts of the body are being isolated from eachother. With the intention of challenging those fixed structures, the work proposes a change of order in dress through a change of practice when investigating the linking possibilities within the body. Based on the elasticity of the moving body and the haptic perception, in terms of constructing directly on the own body, the work presents a series of examples which connects and compose dress from new positions of the body. This should be considered a contribution to what is perceived as dress and bridging the gap in the lacking discussion between body and dress.

<p>The main contribution of this thesis is on the study of optimization methods in aft hull design. The optimization methods are inverse geometry design methods to find an aft hull with the flow velocities we specify. The analytic foundation for the flow is given by Stratford in [31], and gives a prescribed velocity distribution on the aft body. With the parameter β we have adjusted this flow to have a certain margin to separation along the pressure recovery region.</p><p>This principle and optimization method are successfully applied to design of ships with pram-type aft hull. The 2D optimized profiles corresponds to centerline buttock, and 3D hull sections are extended from this centerline buttock with a bilge radius. </p><p>Stratfords original pressure distribution for pressure recovery region were meant for Reynolds numbers up to 107. We have extended Stratfords formula to yield for ship full scale Reynolds numbers to 109. </p><p>Different optimization methods were programmed and tested. The best routine for our optimization of aft hull with Stratford flow, was when the offset y-value were the optimization parameter to be changed. When we tried to optimize a complete 2D profile with a given pressure distribution, it worked best to use the variables in a B-spline as the optimization parameter.</p><p>Extensive windtunnel tests and towing tank tests are carried out. The tests verified the hydrodynamic properties of the hulls.</p><p>Towing tests indicates that the optimized hull lines have lower total resistance than conventional ships with the same main dimensions. Both the frictional, viscous pressure resistance and wave making resistance are significantly lower. Further we can increase cargo capacity with the same power consumption, and achieve a more favourable distribution of the displacement in the aft hull.</p><p>This study has shown us that the slant angle for the bottom of the aft hull should not excess 15º with horizontal plane due to danger of separation over the bilge, and longitudinal vortices forming. </p>

The main contribution of this thesis is on the study of optimization methods in aft hull design. The optimization methods are inverse geometry design methods to find an aft hull with the flow velocities we specify. The analytic foundation for the flow is given by Stratford in [31], and gives a prescribed velocity distribution on the aft body. With the parameter β we have adjusted this flow to have a certain margin to separation along the pressure recovery region. This principle and optimization method are successfully applied to design of ships with pram-type aft hull. The 2D optimized profiles corresponds to centerline buttock, and 3D hull sections are extended from this centerline buttock with a bilge radius. Stratfords original pressure distribution for pressure recovery region were meant for Reynolds numbers up to 107. We have extended Stratfords formula to yield for ship full scale Reynolds numbers to 109. Different optimization methods were programmed and tested. The best routine for our optimization of aft hull with Stratford flow, was when the offset y-value were the optimization parameter to be changed. When we tried to optimize a complete 2D profile with a given pressure distribution, it worked best to use the variables in a B-spline as the optimization parameter. Extensive windtunnel tests and towing tank tests are carried out. The tests verified the hydrodynamic properties of the hulls. Towing tests indicates that the optimized hull lines have lower total resistance than conventional ships with the same main dimensions. Both the frictional, viscous pressure resistance and wave making resistance are significantly lower. Further we can increase cargo capacity with the same power consumption, and achieve a more favourable distribution of the displacement in the aft hull. This study has shown us that the slant angle for the bottom of the aft hull should not excess 15º with horizontal plane due to danger of separation over the bilge, and longitudinal vortices forming.

Computational design is often depicted as an instrument for analysis or production, but it is also a space in which to explore and create new ways of working and thinking. This thesis explores how, through critically engaged practice, designers working computationally are uniquely able to envision and work toward desirable futures, challenging a techno-utopian status quo and projecting humane alternatives. What computational design methods, approaches, and strategies can help to bring about these desirable futures? Through primary research involving interviews with computational design practitioners, developing interactive software prototypes as investigative tools, and conducting design workshops, I investigate various modes of working computationally. Building on this research, I propose a three-part framework that synthesizes high-level approaches to computational design work. The first component, generating, reveals how computation enables the designer to work at various levels of abstraction, navigating large possibility spaces. The second, simulating, provides a frame for envisioning and modeling potential interventions in complex systems. Finally, interrogating, drawing from both Schön’s ‘reflective practice’ and Wark’s ‘hacker ethos,’ encourages computational designers to critically question their tools and practices in order to discover new ways of working and thinking. I conclude by discussing potential embodiments of this framework in computational design education.

How do different methods employed by landscape architects impact the design outcome? This paper identifies and defines design methods in landscape architecture that may be classified as part of four internal and external connections and structures categories. Methods are further examined through two design exercises. In the first design exercise, the identified methods are individually applied to the same simple design which is used as a control. The only variable changed is the method used to design. The resulting designs are shown and analyzed. In the second design exercise, three different methods are applied to a complex design. Similar to the first design exercise, all variables are held constant except for the design methods. The resulting design outcomes are shown and analyzed. One conclusion from this work recommends landscape architecture designers use at least one method in each of four categories: 1) Modeling Systems, 2) Interrelationship and Dependencies, 3) Incorporation and Adadaption, and 4) Structure Problems in order to explore complex design issues more thoroughly. / Master of Landscape Architecture

In the fast-paced technological revolution, technology has formed itself differently to facilitate the way to users to get their needs. As a matter of fact, people nowadays rely to a great extent on the smart devices as one of the essential creations of technology. They tend to access any website or web-application(s) through these devices fast and easily. Thus, paying enough attention to the design of any website or web-application is a major issue. This thesis project discusses the Responsive and Adaptive Design Methods as two important methods in terms of Websites and Web-Design. The methods have been theoretically discussed and explained to present the essential differences between them. Moreover, MyMusiC website has been implemented to show the differences between these methods practically. The prominent difference between the Responsive and Adaptive de-signs of the website makes it easy for the users to figure out the difference between the two design methods in terms of accessibility and ease of navigation. The results showed that the Responsive design is more user-friendly and more preferred by the users than the Adaptive design, as the users tend to use their smart devices first when they want to access a website than the computers.

Uncertainty in rockmass and in situ stress parameters poses a critical design challenge in geotechnical engineering. This uncertainty stems from natural variability (aleatory) due to the complex history of formation and continual reworking of geological materials as well as knowledge-based uncertainty (epistemic) due to a lack of site specific information and the introduction of errors during the testing and design phases. While such uncertainty can be dealt with subjectively through the use of conservative design parameters, this leads to a lack of understanding of the variable ground response and the selection of an over-conservative design that can have a negative impact on both the project cost and schedule. Reliability methods offer an alternative approach that focuses on quantifying the uncertainty in ground conditions and utilizing it directly in the design process. By doing so, a probability of failure can be calculated with respect to a prescribed limit state, providing a measure of design performance. When multiple design options are considered, reliability methods can be paired with a quantitative risk analysis to determine the optimum design on the basis of safety and minimum cost rather than subjective conservatism. Despite the inherent benefits of such an approach, the adoption of reliability methods has been slow in geotechnical engineering due to a number of technical and conceptual challenges. The research conducted pertaining to this thesis aims to address these issues and remove the perceived “cloak of mystery” that surrounds the use of reliability methods. The scientific and engineering research in this thesis was divided into four sections: (1) the assessment of uncertainty in geotechnical input parameters, (2) a review of reliability methods in the context of geotechnical problems, (3) the development of a reliability-based, quantitative risk approach for underground support design and (4) the application of such a method to existing case studies. The completion of these areas is critical to the design of underground structures and may bring about a shift in design philosophy in the geotechnical industry. / Thesis (Ph.D, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-18 10:35:26.265

Over the past several years, the press, trade publications and academic literature have reported with increasing frequency on the social concerns caused by ubiquitous computingInformation Technology (IT) embedded in artifacts, infrastructure and environments of daily life. Designers and researchers of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) technologies have spent considerable efforts to address these concerns, which include privacy and data protection issues, information security and personal safety. Yet, designing successful ubicomp applications is still an unreliable and expensive endeavor, in part due to imperfect understanding of how technology is appropriated, the lack of effective design tools and the challenges of prototyping these applications in realistic conditions. I introduce the concept of proportionality as a principle able to guide design of ubiquitous computing applications and specifically to attack privacy and security issues. Inspired by the principle, I propose a design process framework that assists the practitioner in making reasoned and documented design choices throughout the development process. I validate the design process framework through a quantitative design experiment vis--vis other design methods. Furthermore, I present several case studies and evaluations to demonstrate the design methods effectiveness and generality. I claim that the design method helps to identify some of the obstacles to the acceptance of ubiquitous computing applications and to translate security and privacy concerns into research questions in the design process. I further discuss some of the inquiry and validation techniques that are appropriate to answer these questions.

Some experts suggest that urban design plans in US cities may lack adequate coverage of the essential design aspects, particularly three-dimensional design aspects of the physical environment. Digital urban models and information technology tools may help designers visualize and interact with design alternatives, large urban data sets, and 3D information more effectively, thus correcting this problem. However, there is a limited understanding of the impact that these models may have on the quality of the design product and consequently hesitation about the appropriate methods of their usage. These suggest a need for research into how the usage of digital models can affect the extent with which urban design plans cover the essential design aspects. This research discusses the role digital models can play in supporting designers in addressing the essential design aspects. The research objective is to understand how the usage of digital models affects the coverage of the essential design aspects. The research applies a novel perspective of examining both the methods of modeling-supported urban design and the design content of urban design to attempt to reveal a correlation or causal relation. Using the mixed method approach, this research includes three phases. The first, literature review, focused on reviewing secondary sources to construct theoretical propositions about the impact of digital modeling on urban design against which empirical observations were compared. Using qualitative content analysis, the second phase involved examining 14 plans to assess their design content and conducting structured interviews with the designers of four selected plans. The third phase involved sending questionnaire forms to designers in the planning departments and firms that developed the examined plans. The analysis results were compared with the theoretical propositions and discussed to derive conclusions. The extent of design aspects coverage was found to be correlated with the usage of digital modeling. Computational plans appear to have achieved a higher level of design aspects coverage and a better translation of design goals and objectives. In those plans, 3D urban-wide design aspects were addressed more effectively than in conventional plans. The effective usage of the model's functions appears to improve the quality of the decision-making process through increasing designers' visualization and analytical capabilities, and providing a platform for communicating design ideas among and across design teams. The results helped suggest a methodological framework for the best practices of modeling usage to improve the design content.