The dialectic about body and 'self' osculates between material and conceptual paradigms. The breaking down of the poles between mind and body has stimulated a range of debates about subjectivity, desire, and knowledge. The body viewed as an anatomical specimen in the history of Western culture fails to acknowledge the corporeal other, it also does not acknowledge the way in which it has been constructed in a framework based on masculine desire and knowledge. This dissertation explores the profiles of the psychological 'body image' as a pathway to two different conceptual frameworks about the body. Firstly by using vision as a mode of investigating the relationship between the corporeal gendered 'self' and the anatomical other in Western culture. Then using the conceptual understanding of the 'body image' to extend beyond the limits of vision to a vaporous, more ethereal account of self. This concept blurs the edges of the corporeal self by using the olfactory as the basis for crossing the 'unseen' boundaries of body space and subjectivity. / Master of Arts (Hons) (Visual Arts)

Wet : a Project is a ficto-critical essay, a writer's diary, concerned with language, trauma, the body and image. A complement to Wet, it is greatly informed by Probyn's model of 'belonging' as a writing subject, and psychoanalytic theorisation such as Gibb's analysis of psychosomatic speech, Pines' and Anzieu's conceptualisations of the 'skin ego', Kristeva's account of sensation and its relation to language and Lacan's development of the ego in the mirror stage. In addition, it engages Herman's analysis of trauma and Scarry's account of pain, and their relationships to language, the body and subjectivity. Interspersed with autobiographical accounts, Wet : a Project explores the milieus, spaces and specific geographical sites in which trauma, language, forms of identity, desire, belonging and becoming, emerge or assert their visibility. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006. / Title from title page screen, viewed on April 27, 2007. Dissertation Committee: C. Anita Tarr (chair), Roberta Seelinger Trites, Jan Christopher Susina. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-208) and abstract. Also available in print.

Background: High nursing turnover and early nursing career exit rates evidenced by the current global nursing shortage is the impetus for effective strategies aimed at retaining nurses in their current positions. Nurses’ behavioral intentions to leave or stay are not well understood. Aim: This thesis aims to increase understanding of why clinical nurses choose to remain in their current positions and to assess the influence that nursing leaders have on staff nurses’ intent to stay. Methods: Two systematic literature reviews were conducted; one to synthesize current research on clinical nurses’ intentions to stay and the influence of leadership practices on those intentions; the other to determine the appropriateness of conceptualizing intentions to stay and leave as opposite ends of a continuum. Building on two published conceptual models (Boyle et al. 1999; Tourangeau & Cranley (2006), a new theoretical model of nurses’ intent to stay was developed and tested as a structural equation model using LISREL 8.8 and a subset of the QWEST study data provided by 415 nurses working in nine hospitals in one Canadian province. Results: The systematic reviews identified positive relationships between relational leadership practices and nurses’ intentions to stay, supporting the assertion that managers influence the behavioral intentions of nurses and their intentions to stay and leave. Intentions to stay and leave were found to be separate but correlated concepts. Model testing results, χ2=169.9, df=148 and p=0.105, indicated a fitting model that explained 63% of the variance in intentions to stay. Concepts with the strongest direct effects on intent to stay were empowerment, organizational commitment, and desire to stay. Leadership had strong total effects and indirectly influenced intent to stay through empowerment. Conclusions: Findings suggested that intent to stay or leave should be investigated as separate but correlated concepts. Relational leadership that focuses on individual nurses and supports empowering work environments will likely affect nurses choosing to remain in their current positions.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie, utifrån en fenomenografisk ansats, var att beskriva lärares uppfattningar av vad elevers tilltro till eget tänkande och egen förmåga att lära matematik innebär och hur de gör för att främja detta. Datainsamlingen bestod av intervjuer med lärare från förskoleklass till och med år sex. Lärares uppfattningar beskrevs i att eleven visar lust, mod, stolthet och ansvar, särskilt när eleven vågat ta sig igenom en utmaning som den först inte trott sig klara. En förutsättning för tilltro var ett tryggt gruppklimat. I främjandet av tilltro tog lärarna utgångspunkt i elevers erfarenheter med positiva förväntningar på eleverna i en lustfylld och kommunikativ undervisning. Uppmuntran och utmaningar på adekvat nivå, som skapar förståelse är kännetecknande för att eleven ska känna att den lyckas. Det omgivande samhället har stor betydelse för elevers tilltro. Lärarens engagemang, nyfikenhet och uppmärksamhet på elevers tillägnade kunskaper för att erövra nytt matematiskt kunnande var av vikt för tilltron. Det framkom att eleverna bör uppmärksammas på att matematiska kunskaper och beräkningar ligger bakom de produkter som finns i vår omgivning. / The purpose of this qualitative study, based on a phenomenographical approach, was to describe teachers' perceptions of what the students' confidence in their own thinking and their own ability to teach mathematics and how they are doing to promote this. Data collection consisted of interviews with teachers from pre until year six. Teacher perceptions were described in the student show desire, courage, pride and responsibility, especially when they dared to get through a challenge as the first not thought to cope. A prerequisite for faith was a safe group environment. The promotion of confidence took the teachers based on students' experiences with positive expectations for students in a luscious and communicative teaching. Encouragement and challenges at the appropriate level, which creates understanding is characteristic for the student to feel that they succeed. The surrounding community is very important for the students' confidence. The teacher's dedication, curiosity and attention devoted to the pupils' knowledge to conquer new mathematical literacy was important for confidence. It appeared that the students should be aware of the mathematical knowledge and calculations behind the products that are in our surroundings.

This dissertation confronts the rhetorical discipline with the Real of an antagonism illuminated through its encounter with Lacanian psychoanalysis. Rather than eliding the desire of subjects in favor of traditional discursive rhetorical solutions, the pschorhetorical response I will propose locates desire and the subject in the moments where communication fails and seeks to make public the realization of desire. Through the psychoanalytic analysis of three acts of agency that comprise rhetorical failure, I will argue that rhetorical analyses of social change are actually not persuasive enough in their acceptance that social reality is entirely mediated. The cases will show that rhetorical failure is tantamount to psychoanalytic heroism. Utilizing what I call psychorhetoric, I will argue that rhetoric’s investment in social change can be much enhanced by opening to the concept of a nonsymbolizable ethics of the Real.

The aim of this s tudy is to investigate the three great existential questions—anxiety, love and death—in the works of Stig Dagerman. Emphasis is placed on the novels Ormen [The Snake] (1945), De dömdas ö [The Island of the Doomed ] (1946), Bränt barn [A Burnt Child] (1948), and Bröllopsbesvär [Wedding Worries] (1949), as well as the play Den dödsdömde [The Condemned] (1948). To this end, interpretation is used in the sense given to it by Paul Ricoeur—interpretation that leads to an understanding of a double meaning. In the present case, this means that the texts' symbolic level is revealed and accorded as great an importance as the story at the surface, manifest level . The theme of anxiety is most apparent in the first novel, while the question of eroticism is central to De dömdas ö and Bränt barn. Each novel expresses a pessimistic view of erotic love as a realizable possibility. Death, which has concrete, motivational and abstract aspects , occurs in every text. Murder and suicide interact with inner, spiritual deadness. This state means acquiring a lowered or threatened inner vitality in which the psyche becomes "icebound". Inner deadness is a form of anxiety. Analysis reveals that anxiety, the complications of love and the problem of death are related to a mother figure. The mother figures in the texts are alternately the objects of destructive hatred and excessive love. Behind these mother figures is concealed the experience of a mother who has betrayed, and who is there fore the object of both aggression and longing. This longing, according to Freudian-Lacanic theory, is expressed in a desire for the mother's body, i.e. a longing fo r the lost unity with the mother in original symbiosis. Thus, the mother figure in the texts also has mythical dimensions—Mother and death are in a sense equivalent. To die is to return to the mother, but death, or the proximity of death thus also provides the opportunity for a symbolic rebirth. Both the proximity of concrete death—as in thwarted suicide attempts—and a symbolic death — as in the form of extreme self-degradation—give rise to an increased feeling of life, if only for a moment. The psychologist Robert Jay Lifton has shown that murder can be a conscious step in a process of self- destruction. Murder is in this case a phase in a search for revitaliza-tion, which is thus the ultimate aim of suicide. This phenomenon appears on the symbolic level in Dagermans works, especially in the play Den dödsdömde. The interpretation reveals that the existential question that dominates Dagerman's texts is the struggle against the threat of inner deadness. The fixation with death in the texts is, in the final analysis , an expression of a desire to live. / digitalisering@umu

Studiens syfte är att ur ett psykoanalytiskt perspektiv studera vad för konsekvenser vår individualistiska kultur får för den enskilde individen med avseende på frågor rörande brist, begär och lidande. För att kunna utforska om samtidens psykiska lidande är ett uttryck för att dessa frågor förnekas, intervjuades fem psykodynamiskt praktiserande psykoterapeuter vars upplevelser bär en avspegling av patienters lidande. Frågeställningen lyder: Hur ser den huvudsakliga patientproblematiken ut idag hos en grupp psykoterapeuter i enskild verksamhet? Vad anser dessa kliniskt arbetande psykoterapeuter vara dess orsak? Metoden som är kvalitativ har analyserats med hjälp av EPP-metoden. Undersökningens resultat visar tre skäl till patienters lidande: Begärslöshet, relationslöshet och prestationskrav. I undersökningen framkom två sätt varpå man försöker hantera sitt lidande: Man tilldelar sig en illusorisk föreställning om vem man är i form av idealjag samt genom att göra sitt värde socialt betingat. / The study´s aim is that from a psychodynamic perspective to study what impact our individualistic culture may for the individual with respect to issue of lack, desire and suffering. To explore the contemporary mental suffering is the expression of these matters denied, was interviewed five psychodynamic practioner psychotherapists whose experiences bear a reflection of patients´suffering. Question is: What are the major patient problems today in a group of psychotherapists in private activity? What do this clinically employed psychotherapists be its cause? The method is qualitative analyzed using the EPP method. The result show that patients suffering from desirelessness, lack of relationship and performance requirements. The investigation identified two ways in which the patient try to menage their suffering: it assigns itself an illusory imago in the form of ideal I and by making its value socially determined.

This thesis proposes that an investigation into the phenomenon of doubling may engage architecture with a type of desire that has deep rooted connections with the complexities of human nature, with the very human condition of desiring to know who/what/where/when/how we are. It proposes that an experience of doubling is suggestive of a specific kind of affective space that tests this relationship, expanding into the interval we have formed between our body, its being and space. The proposal is to explore the material, spatial, and psychological characteristics of such a phenomenon - to understand the virtual space created through this doubling and its architectonic characteristics. The design ambition of this thesis is to construct an architectural fiction that engages with this doubling. If architecture has the capacity to embody the ambitions and anxieties of society, the work produced attempts to invoke, through choreographed doublings manifested by the movement of figure and light through constructions in time, that human condition of desire that is concerned with finding/defining itself in the unknown, not to provide an answer for what the unknown is, but to engage with its enigmatic nature. By engaging in the protean dynamics of doubling and desire, this thesis attempts to poeticize the interval between the body and its built environment.

The essay discusses the world of Narnia from a psychological point of view. It argues that for Lucy, visiting Narnia takes the form of a psychological journey that represents the realisation of her repressed desires. It is through this realisation that Lucy develops as a character.