Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Henrique Trevisan.pdf: 3468467 bytes, checksum: cd1100db27df576f13d29e0f76b0269a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The first part of this work was led from August from 2004 to August 2005. The objective of evaluating the influence of two enviroments: forest and open field, in the durability of recently abated toras of five forest species: Eucalyptus urophylla " Eucalyptus " (Myrtaceae), Melia azedarach L. " Cinamomo " (Meliaceae), Lophantera lactescens Ducke, Lanterneira (Malpighiaceae), Pinus elliottii "Pinus" (Pinaceae), Inga marginata " Inga " (Mimosaceae), as well as to evaluate the beetles and termites occurrence in the respective wood and enviroments, through collections of wood sub-samples, in defione time, and of collections of the ocurrente termites, in the dismantle of the experiment. The beetles occurrence were just registered in the timber of Inga marginata and in the field from inside the forest, and the identified species were: Euplatypus parallelus and Teloplatypus ratzeburgi, both of the family Platypodidae. 56,6% of the timber were enrolled with the presence of termites in the field from inside thee forest, where the species found were: Nasutitermes minor, Nasutitermes jaraguae and Heterotermes longiceps. In the open field, it was registered 20% of the timber with the presence of termites, with a since species found, Heterotermes longiceps. For the evaluation of the natural durability, a classification system was adopted, where through the deterioration level, notes were attributed. The smallest indexes, for both enviroment were registered by the timber of E. urophylla, 60 inside the forest and 70 of outside forest. The second part of this work had the objective of evaluating the influence of the intemperism, in the physical and mechanical wood properties. Mechanical rehearsals were accomplished with the wood non degradation, for further comparison with the values obtained from the rehearsals accomplished in the wood coming from the intemperized timber. Significant reductions of the density were observed only the exposed wood from the rotten field of the forest. The wood of L. lactescnes was the only one that didn't show the resistance from the compression and the module of elasticity and rupture, in the static flex, altered after the intemperism, in the two enviroments. The largest reductions in the module of elasticity and rupture, as well as in the resistance from compression, were registered in the wood of E. urophylla, in both enviroments. The third part of this work had the objective of studing the natural resistance of the wood, Coptotermes gestroi action, as well as to trace a discussion on the methodologies that evaluate the resistance of the wood to termites and to propose a protocol that contemplates the referred study, in a more appropriate way, and that can predict, in a more real way, the resistance of the wood when in service. The wood that losis more mass, front the action of C. gestroi was the L, lactescens and the one that loses less mass was M azedarach. E. urophylla and L. lactescens were framed in the resistant class and M. azedarach and I. marginata, as highly resistant to C. gestroi in the rehearsal of free choice. The suggested method, denominated semicampo , was efficient for the evaluation of natural resistance of the wood and feeding preference. / A primeira parte deste trabalho foi conduzida entre agosto de 2004 a agosto de 2005, e teve como objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia de dois ambientes, florestal e campo aberto, na durabilidade de toras rec?m abatidas de cinco esp?cies florestais: Eucalyptus urophylla Eucalipto (Myrtaceae), Melia azedarach L. Cinamomo (Meliaceae), Lophantera lactescens Ducke, Lanterneira (Malpighiaceae), Pinus elliottii Pinus (Pinaceae), Inga marginata Inga (Mimosaceae), bem como avaliar a ocorr?ncia de coleobrocas e t?rmitas nas respectivas madeiras e ambientes, atrav?s de coletas de sub-amostras de madeira, em tempo determinado, e de coletas dos t?rmitas ocorrentes, na desmontagem do experimento. Foi registrada a ocorr?ncia de coleobrocas apenas nas toras de Inga marginata e no campo de dentro da mata, sendo as esp?cies identificadas: Euplatypus parallelus e Teloplatypus ratzeburgi, ambas da fam?lia Platypodidae. Registrou-se 56,6 % das toras com a presen?a de t?rmitas no campo de dentro da mata, sendo que as esp?cies ocorrentes foram: Nasutitermes minor, Nasutitermes jaraguae e Heterotermes longiceps. No campo a c?u aberto, foi registrado 20% das toras com a presen?a de t?rmitas, de uma ?nica esp?cie ocorrente, Heterotermes longiceps. Para a avalia??o da durabilidade natural, adotou-se um sistema de classifica??o. Os menores ?ndices de comportamento, o que denotam madeiras mais degradadas, para ambos os ambientes, foram registrados nas toras de Eucalipto, sendo 60 para dentro da mata e 70 para fora da mata. A segunda parte deste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia do intemperismo em propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas da madeira. Ensaios mec?nicos foram realizados com a madeira n?o intemperizada, para posterior compara??o com os valores obtidos dos ensaios realizados nas madeiras procedentes das toras intemperizadas. Redu??es significativas da densidade foram observadas apenas nas madeiras expostas no campo de apodrecimento de dentro da mata. A madeira de L. lactescens foi a ?nica que n?o teve a resist?ncia a compress?o e o m?dulo de elasticidade e ruptura, na flex?o est?tica, alterados ap?s o intemperismo, nos dois ambientes. As maiores redu??es no m?dulo de elasticidade e ruptura, bem como na resist?ncia a compress?o, foram registradas na madeira de E. urophylla, nos dois ambientes. A terceira parte deste trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resist?ncia natural das madeiras, a a??o de Coptotermes Gestroi, bem como tra?ar uma discuss?o sobre as metodologias que avaliam a resist?ncia da madeira a t?rmitas e propor um protocolo que contemple o referido estudo, de forma mais adequada, e que possa predizer, de forma mais real, a resist?ncia da madeira quando em servi?o. A madeira que mais perdeu massa, frente ? a??o de C. gestroi foi a de L.lactecens e a que menos perdeu foi a de M. azedarach. A madeira de E. urophilla e L. lactescens foram enquadradas na classe resistente e M. azedarach e I. marginata, como altamente resistente a Coptotermes gestroi no ensaio de livre escolha. O m?todo sugerido, denominado semicampo, demonstrou-se eficiente para avalia??o da resist?ncia natural das madeiras e prefer?ncia alimentar.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaniloDCS_DISSERT_1_120.pdf: 2815036 bytes, checksum: 4ad3de2d15d33e70a426311b5c9d3d5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-19 / In the contemporary world to the deterioration of semi-arid areas of the planet has been the focus of media attention and the scientific community. Brazil has a semiarid, considered the most problematic of the world, either by pressure from physical factors, whether as a result of misguided public policies, has over time been suffering from the consequences of a deterioration that expands over the years. Methodologies, that amidst the problems of semi-arid, come against the deteriorating local, have a good chance to be reapplied in other contexts around the world. This research, based on methodological model for analyzing environmental deterioration, introduced and examined the applicability of the methodology in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil. Although the results provide guidelines for the introduction of underground dams, the application of the methodology was ineffective, given the high rates of forest cover that gave low values for the physical diagnosis conservationist / No mundo contempor?neo a deteriora??o das ?reas semi-?ridas do planeta tem sido foco da aten??o da m?dia e da comunidade cient?fica. O Brasil possuindo um semi-?rido, considerado o mais problem?tico do mundo, seja por press?es dos fatores f?sicos, seja como conseq??ncia de pol?ticas p?blicas equivocadas, tem ao longo do tempo sido v?tima das conseq??ncias de uma deteriora??o que se amplia com o passar dos anos. Metodologias, que em meio ? problem?tica do semi-?rido brasileiro, venham de encontro a deteriora??o local, t?m boas probabilidades de serem reaplicadas em outros contextos ao redor do mundo. A presente pesquisa, tendo como base modelo metodol?gico de an?lise de deteriora??o ambiental, introduziu e analisou a aplicabilidade da metodologia no semi-?rido do Rio Grande do Norte Brasil. Embora os resultados encontrados fornecerem diretrizes para introdu??o de barragem subterr?nea, a aplica??o da metodologia se mostrou ineficaz, haja vista os altos ?ndices de cobertura florestal que proporcionaram valores baixos para o diagn?stico f?sico-conservacionista