英國女劇作家渥坦貝克(Timeberlake Wertenbaker) 筆下著名的《夜鶯之愛》 (The Love of the Nightingale) 在近年來獲得多方批評家的討論。大多數的批評家總以政治及性別的角度探討這部劇作中呈現女性如何成為男性暴力下的受害者。然而，本論文將採用德勒茲 (Gilles Deleuze) 和瓜塔里 (Félix Guattari) 的去疆域化 (deterritorialization)、生成動物 (becoming-animal)、再疆域化 (reterritorialization)、及少數文學 (the minor literature) 的理論概念，重新剖析渥坦貝克如何透過翻譯 (translation)、互文性 (intertextuality)、變形 (transformation) 書寫等寫作策略，彰顯普洛克涅 (Procne) 及菲勒美拉 (Philomele) 如何在受盡錯置及語言喪失的苦痛後，找到越界的可能性。在德勒茲和瓜塔里的理論架構之下，本論文的第一章節將先詮釋普洛克涅及菲勒美拉如何離開父系體制，並藉由逃逸路線 (lines of flight) 展開去疆域化的旅程，並在去疆域化的過程中面臨到未知的危險及機會。再者，論文中也探討普洛克涅及菲勒美拉的動物變形可以被視為她們僭越傳統意識型態束縛的証據。在經歷過生成動物 (becoming-animal) 的過程之後，普洛克涅及菲勒美拉改變了她們對於原生社會及世界的態度及看法。最後，普洛克涅及菲勒美拉的再疆域化帶領她們到另一個新的疆界，釋放女性內心的忿怒及慾望。在新的疆域中，女性們發現到另一個新的出口，重新探索流動性主體的存在，挑戰有機體式的國家體制。 / Timberlake Wertenbaker’s The Love of the Nightingale (1989) is the preeminent play of translation which calls many critics’s attention. Based on the myth of Procne and Philomele, The Love of the Nightingale is always discussed by critics from the political and sexual perspectives to show how women become the powerless victims under the male violence. However, in this thesis, I would like to use Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of deterritorializaion, becoming-animal, and reterritorialization to analyze how Procne and Philomele find out the possibility of transgression from the suffering dislocation and dispossession of language through Wertenbaker’s dramaturgy of translation, intertextuality, and transformation. Applying Deleuze’s and Guattari’s theories to analyze The Love of the Nightingale, I would first show how Procne and Philomele obtain the chances to leave the patriarchical territory, beginning their deterritorialization to encounter unknown risks and chances via lines of flight. After the deterritorialization, Procne’s and Philomele’s physical metamorphosis could be regarded as the evidence of how they traverse the presupposed ideological system. In the process of becoming-animal, Procne and Philomele change their attitudes and perspectives toward their cultures and the world. Later, they are reterritorialized to another territory, releasing their desire and anger. In the new territory, they could find another way to search fluid identities and to challenge the state apparatus.

Le début du XXIe siècle est marqué par une transformation constante qui façonne le monde à travers les dynamiques générées par la globalisation. Celles-ci ont progressivement transformé la configuration économique, politique, sociale et culturelle des villes à l’échelle mondiale et dans quasiment toutes les activités humaines et disciplines comme l’urbanisme. Ainsi les villes cherchent à garder ou à trouver un positionnement stratégique sur la scène internationale, souvent à partir d’une planification stratégique. Au sein des nouvelles démarches « stratégiques » est né le projet urbain dit « déterritorialisé », sous la forme d’une formule transposable. La thèse s’intéresse à la déterritorialisation du projet culturel et en particulier à celle des musées Guggenheim.Les projets « déterritorialisés » sont définis par des grands développeurs internationaux qui les transposent dans différentes villes, de manière à ce qu’elles puissent en tirer le maximum de bénéfices et vice-versa. Les effets attendus sont généralement d’ordre économique et d’image, ce qui séduit les responsables des villes, en quête de tels projets. Quelle est la nature de tel projet ? Quelles sont les conditions de leur déterritorialisation et de leur importation ?Sous une logique de reproductibilité universalisée le projet urbain est conçu selon un modèle de production en réseau. La mise en réseau de ce modèle nécessite l’échange des savoir-faire et des expertises conjuguées en transformant l’échelle d’intervention du projet. Alors quelle dialectique s’établit entre le global et le local, s’agit-il d’une échelle « glocale » ? Selon quels modes opératoires se fabrique donc le projet déterritorialisé ? Comment modifie-t-il la gouvernance urbaine ?Ce phénomène soulève plusieurs enjeux sur la nouvelle façon de concevoir les projets urbains. Pour répondre à cette question, nous analyserons le réseau Guggenheim dans 3 villes différentes : New York, Bilbao et Guadalajara. / The early twenty-first century goes though a fast-changing process that shapes the world through multiply dynamics generated by globalization. This context has transformed the economic, political, social and cultural configuration of cities worldwide and in virtually all human activities and disciplines such as urban planning. Nowadays, cities are trying to keep or enhance a strategic position on the international scene, by developing a strategic urban planning. A new "strategic" concept was born called "deterritorialized" urban project, in the form of a transposable formula worldwide. This thesis focuses on the deterritorialization of cultural projects and in particular those from the Guggenheim Foundation.The "deterritorialized" projects are defined by major international developers transposing them into different cities as strategies that produce benefits to the cities, and vice versa. This allows developers to increase their cross-border activities by exploiting the potential of the international market. What is the nature of such a project? What are the conditions required for their import?Globalization has led to a universalized reproduction of urban projects which are based on a model of networked production. The networking of this model requires the exchange of know-how and expertise combined in order to transfer the project to different cities. What dialectic is established between the global and the local scales? Is it a "glocal" scale? According to what procedures this project can be deterritorialized?This raises several questions on how to design new urban projects. How does it change urban governance? To answer this question, we propose to explore a symptomatic case of the Guggenheim’s network in three different cities: New York, Bilbao and Guadalajara.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In the territory of the Sergipe High Outback, milk production is considered the main economic activity and its growth in the area is due to investments in public politics aimed at the genetic improvement of the herd, management practices appropriate to the semi-arid climate and as breeding strategy for family farmers. In Poço Redondo / Se, in the Barra da Onça settlement, the action of these politics made it possible to expand the mini plant formed by the Association of Small Rural Producers of Barra da Onça, which transformed it into União Milk Industry in 2001. Dairy production was centered on Pasteurized milk type C and derivatives. These products were sold in the commercial establishment, located in the city of Poço Redondo and in the capital Aracaju, surrounding municipalities and other States. Milk Industry União participated in the governmental social program Pró - Leite, PAA - Leite (Food Acquisition Program) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) - the main buyers of the small agroindustries certified as S.I.E. (State Inspection Service). Milk purchased by PAA-milk provided food to vulnerable families living in the municipalities of Poço Redondo, Canindé do São Francisco and Monte Alegre de Sergipe. The performance of these programs provided the expansion of agroindustries to meet Consumer needs of market throughout the State of Sergipe. However, the closure of the PAA-milk program accelerated the process of de-territorialization of the União Milk Industry and new territorialities were formed from it. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the process of territorialization, deterritorialization and (re) territorialization involved in the construction and closure of Laticínio União, as well as the new territorialities formed from it. A qualitative approach was adopted to understand the articulation of social networks in the functioning of social programs, as well as to understand the participation of actors, mediators and subjects in the direction of the milk production chain. Therefore, this research will demonstrate how this de-territorialization of União Milk Industry has been directly transformed the economy of the Barra da Onça settlement, provoking the emergence of new strategies of social reproduction. / No território do Alto Sertão Sergipano, a produção de leite é considerada a principal atividade econômica e o seu crescimento na área deve-se a investimentos em políticas públicas voltadas ao melhoramento genético do rebanho, práticas de manejo adequados ao clima semiárido e como estratégia de reprodução dos agricultores familiares. Em Poço Redondo/ Se, no assentamento Barra da Onça, a ação dessas políticas possibilitou a ampliação da miniusina formada pela Associação de Pequenos Produtores Rurais da Barra da Onça, que a transformaram em 2001 no Laticínio União. A produção do laticínio estava centrada no leite pasteurizado tipo C e derivados. Tais produtos eram comercializados no próprio estabelecimento comercial, localizado na cidade de Poço Redondo e na capital Aracaju, municípios circunvizinhos e outros estados. O Laticínio União participou dos programas sociais governamentais Pró – Leite, PAA- Leite (Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos) e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) - principais compradores das pequenas agroindústrias certificadas com o S.I.E. (Serviço de Inspeção Estadual). O leite adquirido pelo PAA-leite abastecia famílias em situações de vulnerabilidade nutricional residentes nos municípios de Poço Redondo, Canindé do São Francisco e Monte Alegre de Sergipe. A atuação desses programas proporcionou a ampliação de agroindústrias para atender às necessidades do mercado consumidor em todo o estado de Sergipe. Porém, o encerramento do programa do PAA-leite acelerou o processo de desterritorialização do Laticínio União e novas territorialidades foram formadas a partir dele. Portanto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o processo de territorialização, desterritorialização e (re) territorialização envolvidos na construção e fechamento do Laticínio União, bem como as novas territorialidades formadas a partir dele. O estudo em questão adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, na qual visa compreender a articulação das redes sociais no funcionamento dos programas sociais, bem como entender a participação dos atores, mediadores e sujeitos no direcionamento da cadeia produtiva do leite. Portanto, esta pesquisa demonstrará como essa desterritorialização do Laticínio União transformou diretamente a economia do assentamento Barra da Onça, provocando o surgimento de novas estratégias de reprodução social. / São Cristóvão, SE

Due to intense environmental changes in recent decades, the territories of artisanal fishing (seas, rivers, estuaries, lakes, ponds) have suffered deep changes (pollution, reduction of fish stock, loss of biodiversity, predatory tourism, large public works, coastal erosion), which directly affects the lives of many communities of fishers. Some of these environmental changes have led those who depend on fishing for susbsistence to leave, with their families, their traditional places of work and residence. The general objective of this study is to understand the socio-cultural and economic processes of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization (TDR) experienced by artisanal fishermen,particularly when they were forced to leave their hometown, Cabeço thorp , due to the coastal erosion, in order to live in Saramém, in Brejo Grande, Sergipe. Saramém is located on the shore of the mouth of São Francisco river, as so was Cabeço. In order to understand these processes, the methodology used was the ethnography, which was built based on direct and participant observation, semistructured interviews about the life history of artisanal fishermen, photographic records and the use of a diary. In this sense, the ethnoknowledge of the fishermen was taken into consideration. The survey lasted from September 2012 to June 2013, and about 30 fishermen were interviewed. As a result, we obtained an understanding that the processes of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization caused material and immaterial damage, like the loss of traditional fishing places and changes in the spaces of common use (fishing territories. Moreover, neighborhood relations were changed and symbolic links with the territory were lost and (re)signified. As for the scientific and social relevance of the research, it is doubly important, both for public policies (to the understanding of the environmental impacts from the fishermen way of living), and for academic studies, especially for the notions of culturally defined spaces by the artisanal fishermen territoriality. Therefore, the importance of the ethnoknowledge as the approach of this dissertation. / Em decorrência de intensas mudanças socioambientais ocorridas nas últimas décadas, os territórios da pesca artesanal (mares, rios, estuários, lagos, lagoas, etc.) vêm sofrendo profundas transformações (poluição, diminuição dos estoques de pescados, perda da biodiversidade, turismo predatório, grandes obras públicas, erosão costeira), o que afeta diretamente o modo de vida de muitas comunidades de pescadores(as) no país. Algumas dessas transformações socioambientais têm levado diversos homens e mulheres, que vivem diretamente da pesca, a abandonar, com seus familiares, seus tradicionais lugares de trabalho e morada. O presente estudo possui como objetivo compreender os processos socioculturais e econômicos de territorialização, desterritorialização e reterritorialização (TDR) vividos pelos pescadores artesanais de Saramém, Brejo Grande-Sergipe, particularmente quando estes foram obrigados, devido ao avanço do mar, a ir morar nesta localidade, advindos do Povoado do Cabeço. Saramém localiza-se na margem da foz do Rio São Francisco, assim como era o Cabeço. Em busca da compreensão desses processos, a metodologia utilizada foi a etnografia, que se construiu com base na observação direta e participante, em entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre a história de vida dos pescadores artesanais, registros fotográficos e uso de um diário de campo. Nesse sentido, o etnoconhecimento dos pescadores também foi valorizado. A pesquisa durou de setembro de 2012 a junho de 2013, foram entrevistados trinta pescadores. Como resultado, obteve-se a compreensão de que os processos de territorialização, desterritorialização e reterritorialização provocaram danos materiais e imateriais, a exemplo das perdas dos lugares tradicionais de pesca, alterações nos espaços de uso comum (territórios de pesca), enquanto fruto de impactos negativos sobre os recursos naturais que se deram na foz do Rio São Francisco. Ademais, relações de vizinhança foram alteradas e elos simbólicos com o território perdidos e (re)significados. Quanto à relevância científica e social da pesquisa, entende-se que a mesma é duplamente importante, seja para as políticas públicas (compreensão dos impactos ambientais a partir do modo de vida dos pescadores), seja para os estudos acadêmicos, especialmente para as noções de espaços culturalmente definidos pelas territorialidades dos pescadores artesanais. Por isso, a importância do etnoconhecimento enquanto abordagem desta dissertação.

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No. of bitstreams: 8 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Aline Nunes da Rosa - 2015 - parte 1.pdf: 4584428 bytes, checksum: a326cc994013363c3dff27792ddf9ac1 (MD5) Tese - Aline Nunes da Rosa - 2015 - parte 2.pdf: 7410768 bytes, checksum: c85f78e4f4d982301e916107888d7a01 (MD5) Tese - Aline Nunes da Rosa - 2015 - parte 3.pdf: 20573159 bytes, checksum: 6e75ad50d57da2a14f271974e1c6a512 (MD5) Tese - Aline Nunes da Rosa - 2015 - parte 4.pdf: 2184199 bytes, checksum: 16c940c85ff76e10909641d414543eb0 (MD5) Tese - Aline Nunes da Rosa - 2015 - parte 5.pdf: 2577309 bytes, checksum: b02334261c5a3725c2db2dbc14b810ce (MD5) Tese - Aline Nunes da Rosa - 2015 - parte 6.pdf: 5816863 bytes, checksum: a784d4aec7115debbafe59490872b140 (MD5) Tese - Aline Nunes da Rosa - 2015 - parte 7.pdf: 5007153 bytes, checksum: 72f849b8e712a4965901286d7996e571 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Presentando como foco investigativos los desplazamientos territoriales, experimentados como tránsitos y mudanzas de orden geográfica y subjetiva vividas en el transcursos de esta tesis, mi intención con este estudio es explorar qué ocurre y cómo los sujetos implicados en este trabajo perciben este movimiento. Motiva por la pregunta “Qué variaciones y giros son producidos y experimentados a partir de los desplazamientos territoriales?” la presente tesis fue desarrollada en un formato narrativo a través del cruce de relatos autobiográficos de ocho sujetos nómada, entre los cuales me incluyo. La construcción de la tesis se realizó por medio de diferentes caminos que producen encuentros: con autores cuyo pensamiento y escrita transitan por la perspectiva de los Estudios de la Cultura Visual; con literaturas diversas que me facilitaron pensar y ampliar las nociones sobre el tema problematizado; con imágenes producidas en medio de los desplazamientos y halladas al azar; de aquellos que despiertan ciertas películas, en un paseo a la deriva, en una visita a un museo y en las conversaciones con aquellos que colaboraron con la investigación. Metodológicamente, la tesis fue realizada de acuerdo a los presupuestos de la Investigación Narrativa y de la Investigación Cartográfica. La orientación teórica y argumentativa del tema fue tramada con bases en las nociones de nomadismo, a través de autores como Deleuze y Guattari, Rosi Braidotti y Onfray. El concepto deleuzo-guatariano de desterritorialización fue también incorporado al estudio como una manera de cartografiar los movimientos realizados por los participantes de la investigación. Adicionalmente, en medio de mis recorridos teóricos propongo algunas reflexiones en torno a los desplazamientos en diálogo con Rolnik; Preciosa; Lopes; Maffesoli, entre otros. Esta tesis defiende en su escrita la posibilidad de reinvención potenciada por el acto de dejar un territorio, inicialmente geográfico, pero que aquí fue entendido como otro tipo de dominio, es decir, dejar aquello que se instaura como seguro y familiar, con el fin de lanzarse en busca de algo todavía no vivido, que está latente y se configura como territorio de experimentación. En este sentido, tales movimientos se configuran como tres paisajes que titulo de la siguiente manera: “Callejeo”; “Uno en la casa, otro”; “Quién dentro de si no sale…Todos ellos tan mutables y movedizos como la condición de estar viviendo un desplazamiento. A través de estos paisajes presento algunos desarrollos conceptuales que posibilitan, a mi modo de ver, una comprensión de lo que se desplaza en nosotros cuando nos desplazamos. / By presenting as research focus territorial movements lived as transits and changes of subjective and geographical nature, the effort permeating this PhD dissertation has been in the search for exploring what happens, and how the work subjects experience this moment. Boosted by the question “What changes and twists are produced and experienced through territorial movements?”, this dissertation was developed in a narrative format through the interweaving of autobiographical reports from eight nomadic subjects, among whom I am included. The dissertation construction was made by different paths, which promote encounters: with authors whose thinking and writing transit through the perspective of Visual Cultural Studies; with several literatures which promote thinking and widening the notion on the problematized theme; with images produced within the movements and found lurking around; what is felt in certain movies in a drifting stroll, in a visit to the museum, and in conversations with those who collaborate to the investigation. Methodologically, the dissertation was developed according to the principles of Narrative Inquiry and Cartography. The theoretical and argumentative orientation on the theme is based on the notions of nomadism, by means of authors such as Deleuze and Guattari, Rosi Braidotti and Onfray. The deleuze-guattarian concept of deterritorialization is also incorporated in the work in order to catograph the movements produced by the research participants. Among the theoretical paths some reflections are proposed around the movements/displacements in dialogues with Rolnik; Preciosa; Lopes; Maffesoli, among others. This dissertation defends in its writing the possibility of reinvention potentialized by the act of leaving a territory, initially geographical, but understood here as other types of domain, that is, leaving what presents itself as safe and familiar in order to go after something not lived yet, which is latent and configured as territory of experimentation. In this sense, such movements are configured as three landscapes that I have named: “Callejeo”; “Um em casa, outro”; “Quem de dentro de si não sai...” All of them are changeable and unstable in terms of the condition to be living a displacement. By means of landscapes some unfoldings are presented, which make possible a way of seeing and, to a certain extent, of understanding what changes in us while we move around. / Apresentando como foco investigativo os deslocamentos territoriais, vividos como trânsitos e mudanças de ordem geográfica e subjetiva, no decorrer da tese o esforço esteve na busca por explorar o que passa, o que acontece, e como os sujeitos implicados neste trabalho vivenciam este movimento. Tomada pela pergunta “Que mudanças e torções são produzidas e experienciadas a partir de deslocamentos territoriais?” a tese foi desenvolvida num formato narrativo a partir do entrecruzamento dos relatos autobiográficos de oito sujeitos nômades, entre os quais me incluo. A construção da tese fez-se por diferentes caminhos que provocam encontros: com autores cujo pensamento e escrita transitam pela perspectiva dos Estudos da Cultura Visual; com literaturas diversas que proporcionam pensar e ampliar as noções sobre o tema problematizado; com imagens produzidas em meio aos deslocamentos e achadas à espreita; daquilo que é sentido em certos filmes, num passeio à deriva, numa visita a um museu, e nas conversações com aqueles que colaboram com a investigação. Metodologicamente, a tese foi realizada segundo os pressupostos da Investigação Narrativa e da Cartografia. A orientação teórica e argumentativa acerca do tema aconteceu com base nas noções de nomadismo, por meio de autores como Deleuze e Guattari, Rosi Braidotti e Onfray. O conceito deleuze-guattariano de desterritorialização é também incorporado no trabalho como forma de cartografar os movimentos produzidos pelos participantes da pesquisa. Ainda, em meio aos percursos teóricos são propostas algumas reflexões em torno aos deslocamentos em diálogos com Rolnik; Preciosa; Lopes; Maffesoli, dentre outros. A tese defende em sua escrita a possibilidade de reinvenção potencializada pelo ato de deixar um território, inicialmente geográfico, mas que aqui foi entendido enquanto outros tipos de domínio, ou seja, deixar aquilo que se apresenta seguro e familiar, a fim de lançarse em busca de algo ainda não vivido, que está latente e configura-se como território de experimentação. Neste sentido, tais movimentos se configuram como três paisagens que intitulo: “Callejeo”; “Um em casa, outro”; “Quem de dentro de si não sai...” Todas elas tão mutáveis e movediças quanto a condição de estar vivendo um deslocamento. A partir das paisagens são apresentados alguns desdobramentos, que possibilitam um modo de ver e, em certa medida, de compreender o que se desloca em nós quando nos deslocamos.

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Cette thèse résulte de la recherche d’un sujet dépourvu de tout repère à ses liens relationnels. Elle rompt les territorialités de la narration et va au-delà des seuils du sujet, à travers des mouvements rhizomiques et en suivant les lignes littéraires et culturelles qui permettent d’échapper aux forces emprisonnantes d’assujettissement. Cette étude trait des sites marginalisés de la transformation et de la dislocation, en passant par les sites de la résistance et de la décolonisation. Ma lecture de la littérature migrante et, des littératures indigènes, la déterritorialisation et la décolonisation s’entrelacent en trois sites majeurs au sein: la liminalité, l’intermédiaritéé et le devenir. Ces sites ne représentent pas seulement les formes esthétiques innovantes qui traversent les seuils de l’identité dans notre culture contemporaine, mais ils assistent aussi ce projet à son but ultime de réinventer et de réarranger la relation entre le soi et l’autre vers de nouveaux débuts. Cette nouvelle perspective munie de l’éthique de s’engager dans la situation, s’abstient d’émettre un jugement et entend prévoir des possibilités d’une transformation révolutionnaire aux niveaux politique, social et économique. Dans ce projet, les mouvements de déterritorialisation émergent dans les écrits et les productions artistiques de Richard Mosse, Chris Abani, Rawi Hage, Leslie Marmon Silko et Thomas King et fournissent les possibilités d’une certaine réflexion sur les seuils de différents sujets masculins en crise. Ce projet s’adresse, en premier lieu, à la Chose sous-jacente qui se déplace entre-deux territoires et perturbe le désire de capturer son essence; en revanche, suivant Deleuze et Guattari, elle se déplace avec les mouvements nomadiques des sujets masculins qui deviennent des simulacres assujettis dans divers sites de désapprentissage. À titre d’exemple, ces sites de désapprentissages illustrés dans Incoming et The Castle de Richard Mosse dissocient la matérialité du déplacé de son image et informe le discours sur les façons à travers lesquelles l’existence est mise en danger, limitée et violée par la représentation. À travers GraceLand d’Abani, ce projet examine des modes de liminalité et des cérémonies d’initiation et reconnaît les expériences vécues des sujets masculins dans des structures culturelles différentes. Dans les romans de Rawi Hage, j’explore les façons à travers lesquelles la masculinité s’arrange ou se réarrange, de façon créative, dans des actes de performance. Cette thèse revient sur le sujet de la liminalité par le biais de Ceremony de Silko et de la narration post-apocalyptique de l’identité de Thomas King. L’analyse aborde certain des enjeux que les hommes indigènes et ceux qui affirment les identités masculines doivent affronter. Ainsi, dans le dernier chapitre, la convergence harmonieuse des voix indigènes et des littératures indigènes et migrantes situe ces lignes de fuite qui pourraient se rejoindre ou refuser de se croiser, ou se désintégrer dans le flot de la violence. / This dissertation stems from the search for a subject without reference to the webs of relations that hold it. Through rhizomatic movements, it breaks territorialities of narrative and moves beyond the subject’s thresholds by following literary and cultural lines of escape away from imprisoning forces of subjugation. The investigation flows along marginalized sites of transformation and displacement and through sites of resistance and decolonization. In my readings of migrant and Indigenous literatures, deterritorialization and decolonization intertwine at three major sites: liminality, in-betweenness, and becoming. These sites are not only innovative aesthetic forms that cross the threshold of identity in our contemporary culture; they also participate in the project of reinventing and rearranging the relation of self and other toward new beginnings. The new perspectives that are offered engage ethically, avoid judgment, and foresee the possibilities for revolutionary political, social, and economic transformation. The movements of deterritorialization that emerge within the writings and artistic production of Richard Mosse, Chris Abani, Leslie Marmon Silko, Thomas King and Rawi Hage provide possibilities for reflection at the thresholds of different male subjects in crisis. This project first addresses the underlying Thing that moves in between territories and confounds the desire to capture its essence; instead, following Deleuze and Guattari, it moves along with the male subjects’ nomadic movements as they become desubjectified simulacra in various sites of unlearning. In Richard Mosse’s Incoming and The Castle, for example, such a site of unlearning separates the materiality of the displaced from its image and informs discourse about the ways in which representation endangers, limits and violates existence. Through Abani’s GraceLand, this project further investigates modes of liminality and initiation ceremonies and acknowledges the lived experiences of male subjects in different cultural structures. In Rawi Hage’s novels, I explore the ways masculinity arranges or rearranges itself creatively in acts of performance. The dissertation also again turns to liminality by way of Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony, and Thomas King’s post-apocalyptic narrative of identity. In this way, the harmonious conjunction of Indigenous voices and Indigenous and migrant literatures attempts to locate where these lines of escape might come together, refuse to cross, or crumble back upon themselves in flows of violence.

Denna uppsats behandlar poeten Johan Jönsons Efter arbetsschema från 2008 med hjälp av det begrepp om en ’mindre’ litteratur som utvecklas av Gilles Deleuze och Félix Guattari i deras studie av Franz Kafka. Deleuzes och Guattaris begrepp, som innebär ett särskilt förhållningssätt till den större, etablerade litteraturen, vecklas ut successivt genom uppsatsen för att varvas med läsningar av Jönsons verk. Uppsatsen har på så vis ett dubbelt fokus på både poetisk och filosofisk text. Genom att etablera en dialog mellan Jönsons poetiska verk och Deleuzes och Guattaris tänkande undersöker jag det subjektets, eller jagets problem som formuleras i Efter arbetsschema, ett problem som även delvis ligger till grund för den mindre litteraturens begrepp, och visar hur verket kontinuerligt underminerar alla försök att identifiera ett enhetligt subjekt genom texten för att låta en kollektiv mångfald ta plats i dess ställe. Dessutom undersöks språkbehandlingen i verket och jag visar hur några av dess många neologismer bär inom sig ett särskilt sätt att se världen. / This thesis considers Johan Jönson’s Efter arbetsschema, a multifaceted and extensive work of poetry, in relation to Gilles Deleuze’s and Félix Guattari’s notion of a minor literature and the conceptual apparatus underlying it. By establishing a dialogue between the poetry of Jönson and the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari, I examine the problem of subjectivity that is formulated in Efter arbetsschema and highlighted by Deleuze’s and Guattari’s thinking, and show how Efter arbetsschema employs poetological elements to consistently undermine any attempt to discern a clear-cut and uniform subject in the text, in favour of a collective multiplicity. I also examine the deterritorialization of language in Efter arbetsschema through its use of neologisms and a philosophic-theoretical vocabulary borrowed from Deleuze and Guattari among others, and discuss the notion of a minor literature in relation to poetry and the implications of this relationship.

I Dune: Messiah (1969) sker en förändring av klimatet, en terraformning som människan initierar. Vatten introduceras i rikliga mängder på planeten Arrakis och detta påverkar planetens ekologi såväl som människans kultur. Uppsatsen granskar Frank Herberts roman genom att teoretiskt utgå ifrån ett ekokritiskt perspektiv och tematiskt ifrån vatten, dess varande och relation till människan samt planeten. Människans medvetenhet av sig själv som en art på planeten och sin kulturella koppling till både planeten och vatten är centralt i analysen. Klimatförändringen som sker när människan terraformar planeten och hur detta påverkar människan behandlas också. Även postkolonialism väger in i analysen.  I Dune: Messiah är vattnet, människan och planeten starkt kopplade till varandra. Människan utgår från sin antropocentriska världssyn och betraktar planeten som en plats vilken kan förbättras till människans fördel. Eftersom fremenfolkets kultur är djupt grundad i naturen skapar terraformningen av planeten en identitetskris. Kulturen blir kopplingen som får människan att vilja bevara planeten som den är. Vattnets värde kulturellt men även som valuta gör den till en maktskapande vara. För människan är terraformningen en strävan mot förbättring, vilket speglar de teman av stora strukturer som finns genomgående i Dune-serien. Den här långsiktiga visionen som Frank Herbert målar upp, avbildar människan med en större medvetenhet, en möjlighet att tänka stort. Jag menar (likt andra inom ekokritiken) att detta större tänkande är en väg framåt som ger mänskligheten ett större perspektiv – därmed förståelse av – ekologiska förhållanden. / In Dune: Messiah (1969) the climate changes due to terraforming caused by humans. Water is introduced on the planet Arrakis, and this affects the planet’s ecology as well as the people’s culture. This paper is an exploration of Frank Herbert’s novel, theoretically anchored in ecocriticism and thematically in water, its nature of existence, relationship to humankind and the planet. Humanity’s awareness of themselves as a species on the planet, and their cultural connection to both the planet and water is central to the analysis. The climate-change which occurs when humanity terraforms the planet and how this affects humankind is also touched upon. Post-colonialism also plays a role in the analysis. Water, people, and the planet are strongly connected to each other in Dune: Messiah. Humans see the planet as a place which can be improved to their own benefit due to their anthropocentric worldview. Because the Fremen culture is deeply rooted in nature, an identity-crisis occurs when the planet is terraformed. It is culture that enables humans to want to preserve the planet as it is. Water is a resource that creates power due to its cultural and economical value. The terraforming is humanity aiming for improvement, which mirrors the themes  of larger structures that can be found continuously in the Dune-series. This long-term vision which Herbert paints, pictures humans with a broader consciousness, a capability to think in a larger magnitude. This I (as others within ecocriticism), consider to be a path forwards which offers a broader perspective – therefore an understanding of – ecological conditions.

The academic field of Ecocriticism has in recent years developed into an increasingly interdisciplinary, multifaceted field that no longer only concerns literary studies. This thesis aims to find a new angle that mostly has been overlooked by academics so far. It is therefore suggested to draw a connection between Ecocriticism and Cultural Memory Studies since both fields share interests in their considerations of place. The development of global and transcultural concepts in ecologically oriented literary studies, illustrated by Ursula Heise's concept of an eco-cosmopolitanism are discussed and related to new approaches in Cultural Memory Studies about Heimat (homeland) and belonging to certain places. The study then exemplifies these theoretical concepts by aiming for a close reading of Peter Handke's novel Die Obstdiebin (The Fruit-Thief) where traditional perceptions of Heimat and a local affiliation are criticized and simultaneously new, deterritorialized perspectives introduced.