Por meio da avaliação da íris de um indivíduo é possível determinar a presença de órgãos mais debilitados e intervir precocemente para evitar o adoecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de sinais iridológicos, como o sinal do pâncreas e Cruz de Andréas em indivíduos com Diabetes mellitus, bem como, a associação destes sinais com os três fatores de riscos para a doença reconhecidos mundialmente: obesidade, sedentarismo e hereditarie-dade. No período de 05 de abril a 03 de Junho 2006, participaram da pesquisa 97 indivíduos com idade superior a 30 anos e portadores de Diabetes mellitus, atendidos no Centro de Saúde-Escola “Geraldo de Paula Souza", na cidade de São Paulo. Após análise de suas íris, verificou-se que a prevalência ajustada do sinal do pâncreas e da Cruz de Andréas, foram respectivamente, 98% e 89%. Houve associações significativas (p<0,001) entre obesidade, sedentarismo e antecedente familiar para Diabetes com ambos os sinais estudados / By assessing an individual’s iris, it is possible to determine if more debilitated organs are present and to early intervene in order to avoid illnesses. The objective of this paper was to check for the prevalence of iridologic signs, such as the pancreas sign and Andreas’ crux in individuals with Diabetes mellitus as well as the correlation of those signs with the three globally recognized risk factors to the disease: obesity, sedentarism, and heredity. From April 5th to June 3rd, 2006, 97 individuals above the age of 30 and with Diabetes mellitus receiving care at the Health Center- School “Geraldo de Paula Souza", in São Paulo were enrolled in a research. After iris assessment, it was observed that the adjusted prevalence of pancreas sign and Andréas’ crux was 98% and 89%, respectively. Significant correlations (p<0.001) were seen between obesity, sedentarism and family history of diabetes with both signs studied

Por meio da avaliação da íris de um indivíduo é possível determinar a presença de órgãos mais debilitados e intervir precocemente para evitar o adoecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de sinais iridológicos, como o sinal do pâncreas e Cruz de Andréas em indivíduos com Diabetes mellitus, bem como, a associação destes sinais com os três fatores de riscos para a doença reconhecidos mundialmente: obesidade, sedentarismo e hereditarie-dade. No período de 05 de abril a 03 de Junho 2006, participaram da pesquisa 97 indivíduos com idade superior a 30 anos e portadores de Diabetes mellitus, atendidos no Centro de Saúde-Escola “Geraldo de Paula Souza”, na cidade de São Paulo. Após análise de suas íris, verificou-se que a prevalência ajustada do sinal do pâncreas e da Cruz de Andréas, foram respectivamente, 98% e 89%. Houve associações significativas (p<0,001) entre obesidade, sedentarismo e antecedente familiar para Diabetes com ambos os sinais estudados / By assessing an individual’s iris, it is possible to determine if more debilitated organs are present and to early intervene in order to avoid illnesses. The objective of this paper was to check for the prevalence of iridologic signs, such as the pancreas sign and Andreas’ crux in individuals with Diabetes mellitus as well as the correlation of those signs with the three globally recognized risk factors to the disease: obesity, sedentarism, and heredity. From April 5th to June 3rd, 2006, 97 individuals above the age of 30 and with Diabetes mellitus receiving care at the Health Center- School “Geraldo de Paula Souza”, in São Paulo were enrolled in a research. After iris assessment, it was observed that the adjusted prevalence of pancreas sign and Andréas’ crux was 98% and 89%, respectively. Significant correlations (p<0.001) were seen between obesity, sedentarism and family history of diabetes with both signs studied

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Diabetes é um problema de saúde pública. Métodos que identifiquem precocemente a predisposição para a doença devem ser investigados. Iridologistas afirmam que o Sinal do Pâncreas e a Cruz de Andréas sugerem predisposição para diabetes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a prevalência destes sinais em indivíduos com e sem a doença bem como sua herdabilidade. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre fevereiro de 2010 e junho de 2011. Participaram 356 indivíduos com idade superior a 30 anos. Indivíduos com diabetes apresentaram maior prevalência dos sinais iridológicos estudados. Os testes t de Student apontam diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevalência desses sinais entre pacientes com e sem diabetes e entre indivíduos com e sem antecedentes familiares para a doença. O Chi Quadrado demonstra que ter ambos os sinais aumenta a chance de desenvolvê-la. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson aponta que os sinais estudados têm correlação com antecedência familiar para diabetes e com a taxa de glicemia alterada. Concluímos que estes sinais sugerem predisposição para Diabetes e que novos estudos são necessários para avaliar a herdabilidade. / The method to identify early the predisposition for Diabetes mellitus should be investigated, since the disease is a public health problem. Scholars of iridology claim that the Sign of Pancreas and the Cross of Andreas suggest predisposition to diabetes. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of these signals in subjects with and without the disease and its heritability. Data collection occurred between February 2010 and June 2011. Participants 356 individuals older than 30 years treated at the Health Center School. Individuals with diabetes had a higher prevalence of signs studied iridology. The Student t test showed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of these signs between patients with and without diabetes and among individuals with and without family history of the disease. The Chi Square demonstrates that having both signals increase the chance of developing diabetes. The Pearson correlation coefficient shows a correlation between the signals studied with a family history of diabetes and the blood glucose alteration. We conclude that these signs suggest a predisposition to diabetes and that further studies are needed to assess the heritability.

Diabetes é um problema de saúde pública. Métodos que identifiquem precocemente a predisposição para a doença devem ser investigados. Iridologistas afirmam que o Sinal do Pâncreas e a Cruz de Andréas sugerem predisposição para diabetes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a prevalência destes sinais em indivíduos com e sem a doença bem como sua herdabilidade. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre fevereiro de 2010 e junho de 2011. Participaram 356 indivíduos com idade superior a 30 anos. Indivíduos com diabetes apresentaram maior prevalência dos sinais iridológicos estudados. Os testes t de Student apontam diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevalência desses sinais entre pacientes com e sem diabetes e entre indivíduos com e sem antecedentes familiares para a doença. O Chi Quadrado demonstra que ter ambos os sinais aumenta a chance de desenvolvê-la. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson aponta que os sinais estudados têm correlação com antecedência familiar para diabetes e com a taxa de glicemia alterada. Concluímos que estes sinais sugerem predisposição para Diabetes e que novos estudos são necessários para avaliar a herdabilidade. / The method to identify early the predisposition for Diabetes mellitus should be investigated, since the disease is a public health problem. Scholars of iridology claim that the Sign of Pancreas and the Cross of Andreas suggest predisposition to diabetes. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of these signals in subjects with and without the disease and its heritability. Data collection occurred between February 2010 and June 2011. Participants 356 individuals older than 30 years treated at the Health Center School. Individuals with diabetes had a higher prevalence of signs studied iridology. The Student t test showed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of these signs between patients with and without diabetes and among individuals with and without family history of the disease. The Chi Square demonstrates that having both signals increase the chance of developing diabetes. The Pearson correlation coefficient shows a correlation between the signals studied with a family history of diabetes and the blood glucose alteration. We conclude that these signs suggest a predisposition to diabetes and that further studies are needed to assess the heritability.

Um fosso separa o desenvolvimento teórico-metodológico na Educação e Comunicação de sua prática aplicada à Saúde, usualmente, centrada na transmissão de informações para a mudança de comportamento. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, exploramos o uso do conceito de competência para deslocar o binômio informação - comportamento para uma articulação de outra ordem: problema – saber - ação. Levantamos as competências requeridas para o autocuidado no diabetes, na opinião de diabetólogos, e identificamos as já disponíveis entre portadores, por meio de grupo focal e entrevista. Os resultados mostram a riqueza de saberes e competências que possuem os portadores, o que pode abrir possibilidades novas de diálogo com os profissionais de saúde, bem como promissoras perspectivas de aplicação no campo da inteligência coletiva. / A huge gap separates the theoretical and methodological development in the field of Education and Communication from its practice in health centers, usually focused in the transmission of information aiming at behavioral changes. In our qualitative research we explored the use of competence concept to change the binomial information-behavior into problem- knowledge- action. The requested competences towards diabetic care according to diabetes specialists and those available among diabetics obtained through focus groups and interviews were identified. The vast knowledge and competence of the diabetics shown by the results lead to several new possibilities of dialog with healthcare professional as well as promising prospects of actual application in the field of collective intelligence

Um fosso separa o desenvolvimento teórico-metodológico na Educação e Comunicação de sua prática aplicada à Saúde, usualmente, centrada na transmissão de informações para a mudança de comportamento. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, exploramos o uso do conceito de competência para deslocar o binômio informação - comportamento para uma articulação de outra ordem: problema – saber - ação. Levantamos as competências requeridas para o autocuidado no diabetes, na opinião de diabetólogos, e identificamos as já disponíveis entre portadores, por meio de grupo focal e entrevista. Os resultados mostram a riqueza de saberes e competências que possuem os portadores, o que pode abrir possibilidades novas de diálogo com os profissionais de saúde, bem como promissoras perspectivas de aplicação no campo da inteligência coletiva. / A huge gap separates the theoretical and methodological development in the field of Education and Communication from its practice in health centers, usually focused in the transmission of information aiming at behavioral changes. In our qualitative research we explored the use of competence concept to change the binomial information-behavior into problem- knowledge- action. The requested competences towards diabetic care according to diabetes specialists and those available among diabetics obtained through focus groups and interviews were identified. The vast knowledge and competence of the diabetics shown by the results lead to several new possibilities of dialog with healthcare professional as well as promising prospects of actual application in the field of collective intelligence

Background: Modern health systems are increasingly faced with the challenge to provide effective, affordable and accessible health care for people with chronic conditions. As evidence on the specific unmet needs and their impact on health outcomes is limited, practical research is needed to tailor chronic care to individual needs of patients with diabetes. Qualitative approaches to describe professional and informal caregiving will support understanding the complexity of chronic care. Results are intended to provide practical recommendations to be used for systematic implementation of sustainable chronic care models. Method: A mixed method study was conducted. A standardised survey (n = 92) of experts in chronic care using mail responses to open-ended questions was conducted to analyse existing chronic care programs focusing on effective, problematic and missing components. An expert workshop (n = 22) of professionals and scientists of a European funded research project MANAGE CARE was used to define a limited number of unmet needs and priorities of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbidities. This list was validated and ranked using a multilingual online survey (n = 650). Participants of the online survey included patients, health care professionals and other stakeholders from 56 countries. Results: The survey indicated that current care models need to be improved in terms of financial support, case management and the consideration of social care. The expert workshop identified 150 patient needs which were summarised in 13 needs dimensions. The online survey of these pre-defined dimensions revealed that financial issues, education of both patients and professionals, availability of services as well as health promotion are the most important unmet needs for both patients and professionals. Conclusion: The study uncovered competing demands which are not limited to medical conditions. The findings emphasise that future care models need to focus stronger on individual patient needs and promote their active involvement in co-design and implementation. Future research is needed to develop new chronic care models providing evidence-based and practical implications for the regional care setting.