Influence of food allergy and importance of diet therapy for children with atopic dermatitis Atopinis dermatitas yra dažna vaikų lėtinė odos liga, kuri sparčiai plinta visame pasaulyje [304, 369, 370]. Lietuvos mokslininkų duomenimis, atopinis dermatitas nustatytas apie 4-17% vaikų, gyvenančių Lietuvoje [38, 92]. Vienas svarbiausių atopinio dermatito patogenezės veiksnių yra alergija maistui. Įvairūs mokslininkai nurodo, kad 35-80% atopiniu dermatitu sergančių vaikų yra alergiški maistui [13, 40, 82]. Dažniausiai, atsižvelgiant į vaiko amžių, šeimą ir šalies mitybos tradicijas, kiekvienas alergiškas vaikas yra jautrus skirtingiems maisto produktams. Daugelio mokslininkų duomenimis, maisto alergenai – pienas, soja, kiaušiniai, kviečiai, riešutai ir žuvis – apibūdinami kaip vieni pagrindinių, sąlygojančių atopinio dermatito atsiradimą [48, 292]. Dauguma alergijų maistui kyla per pirmuosius 3 – 4 gyvenimo metus, kuomet virškinimo sistemos barjeras yra dar nesubrendęs, o imuninė sistema dar tobulinama gebėjimui toleruoti maistą. Visa tai lemia vaikų virškinimo sistemos reakciją į atskirus maisto produktus ir sukelia įvairius virškinimo sistemos sutrikimus [175, 288, 294]. Kiekvienam atopiniu dermatitu sergančiam vaikui labai svarbu išaiškinti jį alergizuojančius maisto produktus ir skirti dietą, kurioje ne tik nebūtų alergizuojančių maisto produktų, bet kuri užtikrintų pagrindinių maisto medžiagų, vitaminų, mineralinių medžiagų ir energijos reikiamą paros poreikį ir normalų... [to full text]

Undernutrition and dysphagia in the institutionalized elderly are well documented in the literature. However, the clinical efficacy of diets to treat dysphagia have not been established. To offer a better understanding of the textural characteristics of the new Sainte-Anne's Hospital (SAH) modified texture reformed foods, rheological evaluations were performed. Apparent viscosity, consistency coefficient, flow behavior index and yield stress values were calculated for the thickened beverages. Texture profile analyses were performed on the reformed foods. Secondly, to evaluate the impact of SAH's reformed foods on nutritional intake and weight, a 12-week clinical trial was undertaken. Dysphagic frail elderly subjects (n = 17) of a long-term care facility of Montreal were randomly assigned to receive SAH reformed foods or traditional care. The experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in nutritional intake resulting in significant weight gain. These findings suggest that dysphagic frail elderly could reach healthy weight when adequately fed.

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Plant sterols (PS) lower total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and inflammatory markers, and decrease risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and decreases triglycerides (TG) and inflammation, also reducing the risk of CVD. The study objective was to investigate the combined effects of PS and exercise on apolipoproteins (apo) A and B, adiponectin, growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin, in context of previously obtained lipid data. In an 8-wk, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial, 84 subjects were randomly assigned to: (1) combination of PS and exercise, (2) exercise, (3) PS, or (4) control group. PS increased (P=0.04) adiponectin values by 15%. ApoA was associated with HDL and apoB with LDL values at baseline. ApoA %change was correlated to HDL %change in the exercise group. ApoB, GH and ghrelin were unchanged. The capability of PS to increase adiponectin values reinforce their role in preventing inflammation, atherosclerosis, and CVD.

The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II (NCEP ATP II) unequivocally advocates an initial trial of dietary modification in both primary and secondary prevention prior to the institution of pharmacotherapy. Perhaps the rationale for this delay rests in the inherent, yet unsubstantiated, fear among clinicians that lifestyle change will be compromised in the presence of concurrent pharmacotherapy. However, the question of adherence to diet and exercise interventions following the initiation of lipid-lowering drug therapy has seemingly never been addressed scientifically. / It was therefore hypothesized that pharmacologically-treated patients with untreated hypercholesterolemia started on a program of lifestyle modification would achieve relatively less reduction in dietary fat intake and body weight, and participate less often in physical activity, if a pharmacologic agent was simultaneously prescribed. This was tested by a protocol in which these and related variables were assessed in participants who thought they were taking a lipid-lowering medication at diagnosis, compared to conventional initial treatment of diet and exercise alone. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Wollongong, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 240-286.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, School of Family and Consumer Science-Nutrition and Dietetics , 2007. / "May, 2007." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 4/26/2009) Advisor, Deborah Marino; Faculty readers, Richard Steiner, Evelyn Taylor, Cinda Chima; School Director, Richard Glotzer; Interim Dean of the College, James Lynn; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis, PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.