Animals have evolved over billions of years and understanding these complex and intertwined systems have potential to advance the technology in the field of sports science, robotics and more. As such, a gait analysis using Motion Capture (MOCAP) technology is the subject of a number of research and development projects aimed at obtaining quantitative measurements. Existing MOCAP technology has limited the majority of studies to the analysis of the steady-state locomotion in a controlled (indoor) laboratory environment. MOCAP systems such as the optical, non-optical acoustic and non-optical magnetic MOCAP systems require predefined capture volume and controlled environmental conditions whilst the non-optical mechanical MOCAP system impedes the motion of the subject. Although the non-optical inertial MOCAP system allows MOCAP in an outdoor environment, it suffers from measurement noise and drift and lacks global trajectory information. The accuracy of these MOCAP systems are known to decrease during the tracking of the transient locomotion. Quantifying the manoeuvrability of animals in their natural habitat to answer the question “Why are animals so manoeuvrable?” remains a challenge. This research aims to develop an outdoor MOCAP system that will allow tracking of the steady-state as well as the transient locomotion of an animal in its natural habitat outside a controlled laboratory condition. A number of researchers have developed novel MOCAP systems with the same aim of creating an outdoor MOCAP system that is aimed at tracking the motion outside a controlled laboratory (indoor) environment with unlimited capture volume. These novel MOCAP systems are either not validated against the commercial MOCAP systems or do not have comparable sub-millimetre accuracy as the commercial MOCAP systems. The developed DGPS/MEMS-IMU multi-receiver fusion MOCAP system was assessed to have global trajectory accuracy of _0:0394m, relative limb position accuracy of _0:006497m. To conclude the research, several recommendations are made to improve the developed MOCAP system and to prepare for a field-testing with a wild animal from a family of a terrestrial megafauna.

A presente pesquisa tem como tema os livros escolares diferenciados produzidos para as escolas indígenas brasileiras, entre os anos de 1944 e 2015. A metodologia utilizada consistiu no levantamento dos materiais didáticos em acervos de bibliotecas, laboratórios de pesquisas, organizações não governamentais. Os livros identificados foram classificados, considerando as instituições envolvidas na produção, o ano de publicação, o gênero e a disciplina. Para melhor entendimento dessa produção, foi realizada pesquisa a respeito da história de algumas das instituições responsáveis pela confecção desses materiais. Foram também realizadas entrevistas com professores, pesquisadores e profissionais ligados a diferentes esferas que tivessem envolvimento com a produção das publicações. Foram ainda selecionados alguns para um olhar analítico que favorecesse reconhecer suas especificidades. Com os dados foi possível verificar quais propostas pedagógicas os materiais apresentavam e as mudanças que ocorreram na educação voltada para as populações indígenas através dos livros produzidos nesses setenta e um anos. / The present research has with theme the school books differentiate make for in the school Brazilian indigenous, between years in the 1944 and 2015. The methodologic usable consist in the survey in the didactics material library collections, research laboratories, organizations nor governmental. The books identified went classified, consider the years in the publication, the type and the discipline. For best understanding this production, went carry research the respect in the history in the some in the institutions responsible for confection these materials. Went too carrys interview with teachers, researchs and professions call the different spheres what held involvement with the production in the publications. Went still selected some for the to look analytic what benefit recognize your specificities. With the dices was possible check what arise in to education turned for the populations indigenous across in the books produced in those seventy-one years.

A presente pesquisa tem como tema os livros escolares diferenciados produzidos para as escolas indígenas brasileiras, entre os anos de 1944 e 2015. A metodologia utilizada consistiu no levantamento dos materiais didáticos em acervos de bibliotecas, laboratórios de pesquisas, organizações não governamentais. Os livros identificados foram classificados, considerando as instituições envolvidas na produção, o ano de publicação, o gênero e a disciplina. Para melhor entendimento dessa produção, foi realizada pesquisa a respeito da história de algumas das instituições responsáveis pela confecção desses materiais. Foram também realizadas entrevistas com professores, pesquisadores e profissionais ligados a diferentes esferas que tivessem envolvimento com a produção das publicações. Foram ainda selecionados alguns para um olhar analítico que favorecesse reconhecer suas especificidades. Com os dados foi possível verificar quais propostas pedagógicas os materiais apresentavam e as mudanças que ocorreram na educação voltada para as populações indígenas através dos livros produzidos nesses setenta e um anos. / The present research has with theme the school books differentiate make for in the school Brazilian indigenous, between years in the 1944 and 2015. The methodologic usable consist in the survey in the didactics material library collections, research laboratories, organizations nor governmental. The books identified went classified, consider the years in the publication, the type and the discipline. For best understanding this production, went carry research the respect in the history in the some in the institutions responsible for confection these materials. Went too carrys interview with teachers, researchs and professions call the different spheres what held involvement with the production in the publications. Went still selected some for the to look analytic what benefit recognize your specificities. With the dices was possible check what arise in to education turned for the populations indigenous across in the books produced in those seventy-one years.

Landsat imagery has been used successfully to assess burn severity and monitor post-fire forest structure in a variety of ecosystems, but to date there are few documented studies on its application in the eastern deciduous forests of the eastern United States. The occurrence of a wildfire in the Daniel Boone National Forest in2010 provided a rare opportunity for research into the use of Landsat data for assessing burn severity and its ecological effects. We used differenced normalized burn ratio (∆NBR) to quantify burn severity. The ∆NBR based burn severity classification had 70% agreement with a qualitative ground-based burn severity assessment. We also examined the relationship between the presence of an invasive species (Paulownia tomentosa), and our assessment of burn severity, where we found a weak but statistically significant relationship (adj R2 0.13, p<0.0001). We also examined the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and forest structure measurements. The relationship between NDVI and basal area was strongly and significantly related (adj R2 0.41, p<0.0001). The relationship of NDVI with stem density was weak but significant (adj R2 0.23. p=0.004). These results indicate that data from Landsat imagery have great potential for quantifying burn severity, identifying potential hotspots for invasive species, and assessing post fire forest structure in the eastern deciduous forest.