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Exploring differentiated teaching in a Grade 4 classroomHamman, Liezel Dina 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Societies are becoming more diverse and multicultural. Therefore both in South Africa and internationally, the education system must constantly be restructured to accommodate a diversity of learners; focusing on each learner’s unique learning abilities and needs. Given the benefits of differentiated teaching for effective learning, this study aimed to explore the use of differentiated teaching strategies and procedures to improve my teaching practice. Consequently, it also aimed to explore the influence that this may have on supporting the learners’ learning by focusing on their interests, readiness levels and learning preferences. This research study was based on a social constructivist perspective that views cognition, learning and instruction as intertwined.
The study was embedded within a paradigm of praxis, with an action research as research design while a qualitative research methodology was employed. Purposeful sampling was used to select nine of my grade 4 learners to act as participants for the grade 4 class. Data was collected in the form of reflective drawings, a focus-group interview and accompanied activities, and a research journal. Furthermore, the data was analysed, using a thematic analysis coding scheme, to identify and interpret significant themes.
The research findings indicated that the differentiated teaching strategies and procedures enhanced my grade 4 learners’ learning as they realised their own strong points and learning potential. The teaching strategies also demonstrated the potential to facilitate the development of my learners’ knowledge of their own interests and learning preferences and allowed them the incentive to develop a sense of self efficacy. In addition to this, the research process demonstrated the ability to support me in fulfilling my role as primary supporter in the learning support network and enhance my teaching practice. The information gained from this study will be used to inform my future teaching practice. I now realise the value of employing differentiated teaching strategies and procedures into my lessons, as well as the importance of reflecting on my teaching process and considering the uniqueness of each learner in my class. Additionally, teacher training institutes may benefit from the information gained from this research study, for improving teaching practice. Findings attained from this study also have the potential to inform future cycles of action research or alternatively to be used for other research within the field. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die samelewing raak gaandeweg meer divers en multikultureel. Die onderwysstelsel, beide in Suid-Afrika en internasionaal, moet daarom voortdurend geherstruktureer word om te verseker dat die diversiteit van leerders geakkomodeer word deur te fokus op elke leerders se unieke leervermoëns en -behoeftes. Gegewe die bewese voordele van gedifferernsieërde onderrig, het hierdie navorsingstudie gepoog om die gebruik van gedifferensieerde onderrigprosedures en strategieë vir die verbetering van my onderrigpraktyk te ondersoek. Die studie was ook daarop gemik om die invloed wat gedifferensieerde onderrigprosedures op die ondersteuning van my leerders se leerproses het, na te vors deur te fokus op hulle belangstellings, gereedheidsvlakke en leervoorkeure. Hierdie navorsingstudie is gebaseer op 'n sosiaal-konstruktivistiese leerperspektief wat kognisie, leer en onderrig as geïntegreerd beskou.
Die studie het van ʼn kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodologie gebruik gemaak en is binne 'n paradigma van praksis (‘praxis’) ingebed, met aksienavorsing as navorsingsontwerp. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om nege van my graad 4 leerders te kies om as deelnemers namens die graad 4-klas op te tree. Data is in die vorm van leerders se reflektiewe tekeninge, 'n fokusgroep-onderhoud met bygaande aktiwiteite, en 'n navorsingsjoernaal ingesamel. Verder is die data met behulp van 'n tematiese koderingskema geanaliseer om belangrike temas te identifiseer en te interpreteer.
Die navorsing het aangedui dat die gedifferensieerde onderrigprosedures en strategieë wat gebruik is, my graad 4-leerders se leerproses versterk het, aangesien hulle bewus geraak het van hulle eie sterkpunte en leerpotensiaal. Die onderrigstrategieë het ook die potensiaal getoon om die leerders se bewustheid van hulle eie belangstellings en leervoorkeure te ontwikkel, en hulle is ook toegelaat om ʼn sin van bekwaamheid te ontwikkel. Benewens hierdie aspekte, het die navorsing ook getoon hoe gedifferensieerde onderrigprosedures my kan ondersteun om my rol as primêre hulpverlener in die leerondersteuningsnetwerk te vervul en my onderrigpraktyk te verbeter. Die inligting wat met die navorsing verkry is, sal in die toekoms gebruik word om my onderwyspraktyk toe te lig. Ek besef nou die waarde daarvan om gedifferensieerde onderrigprosedures in my lesse te gebruik, asook die belangrikheid van refleksie op my onderrigproses en die inagneming van die uniekheid van elke leerder in my klas. Onderwysopleidingsinstellings kan die inligting deur hierdie navorsing verkry gebruik vir die verbetering van onderwyspraktyk. Afgesien van die bogenoemde, kan die inligting ook toekomstige siklusse van aksienavorsing toelig en met vrug vir verdere navorsing in die veld gebruik word.
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Analys och vidareutveckling av marknadsstyrd effekttariff inom eldistribution : En fallstudie av Sandviken Energi Elnät AB:s effekttariff / Analysis and development of market-driven power tariff in the electricity distributionAlenius, Jonas January 2017 (has links)
This master thesis evaluates the incentives of a newly implemented market controlled network tariff by analyzing consumption data and constructing a time-differentiated debiting model. The tariff was implemented by Sandviken Energi Elnät AB and the thesis evaluates its customers consumption data compared to data provided by Sundsvall Elnät AB. The differences in data is evaluated by statistical tests of Students t-test, Bayesian t-test and χ2-test with the result that no statistically significant change in user pattern can be found and thus an elucidation of the incentives must be made in the form of a hourly time-differentiated debating model. The thesis also evaluates the cost incentives of the model compared to spot prices where it is shown that the tariff model can benefit much from the spot prices hourly incentives in its hourly time-differentiated model. Five time-differentiated models were constructed and presented where three uses a color coding scheme. The conclusion is that a color coded time-differentiated tariff should give the costumers clear and cost-effective incentives.
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Modélisation des conséquences pédagogiques induites par des incapacités intellectuelles et auditives chez l'élèveNoël, Marie-Josée January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
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Actions publiques et territoires innovants : analyse de la construction des chemins de la compétitivité par les managers territoriaux : le cas du pays d'AixBrétéché, Pierre-Joseph 17 September 2011 (has links)
Cette recherche envisage la compréhension et la représentation du phénomène de compétitivité territoriale. Phénomène encore peu étudié par le management public, le parti pris est celui d’une exploration hybride susceptible d’inclure dans l’analyse les contextes, les contenus et processus mobilisés. La compétitivité territoriale est donc appréhendée comme un construit et non comme une donnée. L’approche par la complexité vise à re-construire les pratiques effectivement mise en œuvre par les managers territoriaux au travers d’une confrontation de la théorie et de l’empirie.La première partie est destinée à formaliser un cadre conceptuel et méthodologique pour le management de la compétitivité territoriale. Suivant une approche transdisciplinaire, les contours de la mise en action publique pour la compétitivité des territoires y sont délimités. L’heuristique d’axiome global permet la prise en compte des influences des contextes selon une logique « en marché » et une logique « en société ». Les dimensions idiosyncrasiques et diachroniques de la compétitivité territoriales sont définies pour analyser contenus et processus de l’objet de la recherche. Les analogies mécaniques et biologiques permettent ainsi de faciliter la compréhension des modalités managériales émergentes. La deuxième partie passe l’objet de la recherche à l’épreuve empirique. Une étude de cas longitudinale avec deux unités d’analyse encastrées est menée en pays d’Aix. Quatre modalités de management de la compétitivité territoriale sont ainsi dégagées. Suivant un régime d’accumulation, la délimitation du périmètre de la mise en action publique est l’étape initiale. La construction par les managers des arènes collaboratives via les structures génériques de projets des politiques publiques volontaristes dégagent des bouquets de services. La transition de la logique « en marché » à la logique « en société » est assuré par une modalité de proximité sociétale qui émerge des politiques publiques territoriales. La construction d’une arène de convergence des intentions finalisées d’acteurs hétérogènes passe alors par une chaîne locale de l’innovation tissée entre des managers experts. L’écosystème local de l’innovation est constitué par l’encastrement des réseaux personnels de chaque manager et permet de relier des structures hétérogènes aux finalités diverses. Cet écosystème doit alors être managé pour assurer la pérennité du système de compétitivité territoriale au travers du temps. A ce titre, les modes de gouvernance de la compétitivité territoriale doivent favoriser des configurations souples, différenciées et partagées. Des configurations susceptibles de voir se croiser les chemins de la prospérité avec ceux de la compétitivité (différenciées) ; des configurations susceptibles encore de permettre la dialogique des processus d’actions publiques pour arbitrer entre polarisation et dispersion des activités productives (souples) ; des configurations susceptibles enfin de permettre à l’énergie cinétique de se déployer sur un territoire pour le rendre compétitif au travers de la construction d’une arène de convergence des intentions par la proximité sociétale (partagées) / This research considers the understanding and representation of the phenomenon of territorial competitiveness. The thesis is an hybrid exploration of new phenomenon studied by the Public Management and may be included analysis of the contexts, contents and processes used. Territorial competitiveness is understood as a framework, not a fact. The complexity approach is to re-build practices effectively implemented by managers through a territorial confrontation of theory and empiricism. The first part formalizes a conceptual and methodological framework for the management of territorial competitiveness. As a transdisciplinary approach, the outlines of public policy-making are defined for the competitiveness of territories. The overall heuristic axiom allows the consideration of the influences of contexts according to a market logic and society logic. Idiosyncratic and diachronic dimensions of territorial competitiveness are defined to analyze contents and processes of the subject of research. Thus, the mechanical and biological analogies allow a better understanding of the emergent management modalities.The second part goes over the empirical test. A longitudinal case study based on two embedded units of analysis is conducted at Aix-en-Provence. Four modalities of territorial competitiveness management have been found. The boundaries lines of public policy-making are defined by the growth of continuous additions. The packages of services emerge from the construction of collaborative arenas by managers through proactive public policies projects. The transition from market logic to society logic is provided by a form of societal proximity that emerges from the territorial public policies. The erection of an arena to lead intentions finalized of heterogeneous actors goes through a local chain of innovation between managers. The local ecosystem of innovation is constituted by the embedding of personal networks of each manager and for linking heterogeneous structures with different purposes. This ecosystem must be managed to ensure the sustainability of the system of territorial competitiveness. Tree types of territorial competitiveness governance would appear concurrently: flexible, differentiated and shared. The first one type will mix the paths of prosperity with those of competitiveness (differentiated). The second type may allow the dialogical processes of public policy-making to arbitrate between polarization and dispersion of productive activities (flexible). The last one may permit the kinetic energy to deploy in an area to be competitive through the construction of an arena of convergence of intentions by social proximity (shared)
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Enquadres clínicos diferenciados na reforma psiquiátrica / Clinical and differentiated settings in the Brazilian Psychiatric ReformSato, Haroldo Tuyoshi 03 August 2007 (has links)
O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise crítica, mas comprometida, da desconstrução manicomial e da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira, à luz das contribuições teóricas de Nise da Silveira e D.W. Winnicott. Constata que neste movimento convivem a busca de transformações radicais, em dimensões sociais, e uma relativa pobreza na criação de novos dispositivos de caráter eminentemente clínico, o que permite apontar uma importante limitação, vale dizer, que o reconhecimento da importância da dimensão social não se faz acompanhar da suficiente consideração da subjetividade em termos sensíveis e emocionais. Configura-se, assim, situação problemática, que pode ser superada pela via da proposição de enquadres clínicos diferenciados, desde que estes sejam potencialmente capazes de permitir uma articulação produtiva entre dimensões subjetivas sociais e afetivo-emocionais / It is showed trhough in this movement, the search for extreme transformation in social dimensions coexists with some relative poverty to create new mechanisms of clinical feature, which allows us to point out an important limitation, that social importance recognition is not followed by enough consideration of subjectivity in sensitive and emotional terms. It is then formed a problematic situation that may be overcome by the proposition of differentiated clinical settings, as long as they are potentially facilitate a productive articulation between social, subjective and affective-emotional dimensions
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Quando o ambiente é o abrigo: cuidando das cuidadoras de crianças em acolhimento institucional / When the environment is the shelter: looking after the caregivers of children institutionally shelteredCareta, Denise Sanchez 25 March 2011 (has links)
Esse estudo apresenta o desenvolvimento de práticas psicológicas no contexto institucional. Trata-se de intervenção psicoterápica em grupo com as cuidadoras de crianças em acolhimento institucional de abrigos, por dois anos, desenvolvida no contexto da instituição. Ao realizarmos nosso estudo anterior de Mestrado, identificamos acentuado sofrimento psíquico manifestado pela equipe de cuidadoras, no qual percebemos importantes identificações da equipe com as angústias emergentes nas crianças abrigadas. Iniciamos, em março de 2006, encontros psicoterápicos grupais e semanais com as cuidadoras desse abrigo até o mês de março de 2008. Aplicamos com o grupo, no início e na finalização dos encontros, o Procedimento Desenhos-Estórias com Tema, para compreendermos a dinâmica psíquica das participantes atrelada ao relacionamento com crianças em acolhimento, e também para nos auxiliar a avaliar a intervenção realizada. Adotamos a perspectiva winnicottiana para a noção de saúde. Esta experiência nos revelou que a partir do momento em que as cuidadoras alcançaram melhor contato emocional com a interioridade puderam conter grande parte do sofrimento psíquico, apresentando-se de forma mais viva para o contato com a realidade externa e ampliando os contatos afetivos. A equipe de cuidadoras apresentou melhor contato com os próprios afetos e demonstrou avanços na capacidade de discriminação das crianças em acolhimento, o que facilitou os relacionamentos no contexto institucional. Percebemos mudanças na realidade subjetiva da equipe, embora permanecesse a mesma realidade social do contexto, o que nos possibilitou também considerar a eficácia da intervenção psicológica com o grupo de cuidadoras. Portanto, propomos esta intervenção como enquadre clínico diferenciado para atendimento de cuidadoras em abrigos / This study presents the development of the psychological practice within the institutional context. It is the psychotherapeutic group intervention with the children\'s caregivers in institutional shelters, for two years, developed within the context of the shelters. In our previous study for the Master\'s Degree, we identify intense psychic suffering manifested by the team of caregivers, in which we perceive important identifications between the team and the state of anguish the sheltered children are found. In March, 2006, we begin weekly psychotherapeutic gatherings with the caregivers of this shelter, until up the year 2008. Within the group, and at the beginning and the end of each gathering, we apply the Drawing- And-Story Procedure with Theme, to understand the psychic dynamics of the participants in relation with the sheltered children, and also, to help us evaluate the applied intervention. We adopt the Winnicottian Perspective for the notion of health. The experiment reveals, from the very moment the caregivers reach a better emotional contact, with the interiority, that they are able to hold back a great part of the psychic suffering, taking a more lively approach in contacting the exterior reality, expanding the affective contacts. The team of caregivers presents a better contact with their own affections; also, presents improvement in the capacity to discriminate the children under the shelter, which facilitates the relationship in the institutional context. We perceive a change in the subjective reality of the team of caregivers, even though the social reality of the context remains unchanged, and this allows us to consider the efficiency of the psychological intervention with the team of caregivers. Thus, we propose this intervention as differentiated clinical setting to aid caregivers in shelters
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A ação inibitória enquanto tutela diferenciada autônomaBovino, Marcio Lamonica 03 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / This thesis main objective, already under the Law 13.105/2015, is to propose pure preventive inhibitory or mandatory protection on threat of the illegal act and of abuse of rights. We seek to frame the intention of committing an abuse of rights as the foundation of inhibitory or mandatory individual judicial protection.
The challenges are based on the framework of the illegal act despite the actual existence of damage, through the evidence of the intention of the exercise clearly beyond the limits imposed by economic or social order for the good faith or the good morals that the rule imposes, ending the race the probability of the right and the danger of harm or risk to the fruitful result of the process, as the basis of the request for early or injunctive interim injunction.
The new Code of Civil Procedure (NCPC) which will come into force on March 16, 2016 (Law 13105 of March 16, 2015), deals with court injunctions guardianships the sole paragraph of Article 497, stating that the action that has the engaged in providing do or not do, the judge if the relief sought, grant specific protection to deter, prevent the repetition or even seeking the removal of illegal (not to be confused with prevention) regardless of the demonstration of the occurrence of damage or of fault or willful misconduct.
As it turns out , the legislator has standardized , albeit not fully fit in our view, the three (3) categories of inhibitory: a) preventive inhibitory (also known as pure inhibitory protection); b) inhibitory protection to stop the repetition e c) inhibitory protection to stop the continuation of the illegal act.
We feels the convenience of adoption of preventive inhibitory or mandatory protection as an autonomous differentiated judicial protection, not just one of the possible inhibitory effect of the sentence currently treated in Chapter XIII of Title I of Book I of the New Civil Procedure Code (NCPC).
We suggest the adoption of inhibitory technique as an autonomous differentiated judicial protection, proposing legislative changes to the NCPC which will come into force on March 16, 2016 / A tese tem por objeto central, desenvolvido sob a perspectiva da Lei 13.105/2015, tratar da tutela judicial inibitória do ato ilícito e também diante da ameaça de abuso de direito. Buscamos enquadrar a intenção de praticar um abuso de direito como fundamento da tutela individual judicial inibitória.
Os desafios partem do enquadramento do ato ilícito à despeito da existência efetiva de dano, passando pela prova da intenção do exercício manifestamente fora dos limites impostos pelo fim econômico ou social, pela boa-fé ou pelos bons costumes que a norma impõe, encerrando na prova da probabilidade do direito e o perigo de dano ou o risco ao resultado útil do processo, enquanto fundamento do pedido de tutela provisória antecipada ou cautelar.
O novo código de processo civil (NCPC) que entrará em vigor no dia 16 de março de 2016 (Lei 13.105 de 16 de março de 2015), trata das tutelas inibitórias judiciais no parágrafo único do art. 497, dispondo que na ação que tenha por objeto a prestação de fazer ou de não fazer, o juiz, se procedente o pedido, concederá a tutela específica destinada a inibir, impedir a reiteração ou mesmo buscar a remoção do ilícito (esta última que não se confunde com a prevenção), independentemente da demonstração da ocorrência de dano ou da existência de culpa ou dolo.
Como se vê, o legislador normatizou, ainda que de forma não plena a nosso ver, as 3 (três) categorias de tutela inibitória: a) tutela preventiva do ato ilícito (também conhecida como tutelar inibitória pura); b) tutela impeditiva da reiteração do ilícito e c) tutela impeditiva da continuação do ato ilícito.
Entendemos que a tipicidade das ações inibitórias judiciais, matéria bastante debatida pela doutrina, poderia ter sido melhor explorada do ponto de vista. Inserida no capítulo que trata do cumprimento de sentença, nos parece que o legislador perdeu uma boa oportunidade de tipificar a ação inibitória ao invés de tratar no Capítulo XIII do Título I do Livro I apenas dos possíveis efeitos inibitórios da sentença.
Defendemos a conveniência da adoção das ações inibitórias judiciais enquanto tutela jurisdicional diferenciada autônoma, e não apenas um dos possíveis efeitos inibitórios da sentença tratado atualmente no Capítulo XIII do Título I do Livro I do Novo Código de Processo Civil (NCPC).
Sugerimos a adoção da técnica inibitória enquanto tutela jurisdicional diferenciada autônoma, propondo alteração legislativa no NCPC que entrará em vigor em 16 de março de 2016
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Tutela preventiva dos direitos de propriedade intelectualPinheiro, Rodrigo Gomes de Mendonça 10 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / In this dissertation we demonstrate that the intellectual property rights belong
to a category historically overlooked by the legal system from several countries,
which always have identified the possibility of monetization of these rights and the
use of the compensatory tutelage as a preferred mechanism to resolve conflicts of
this segment.
However, we identified and this is the centerpiece of this research and
dissertation that the accurate comprehension of the intellectual property rights in all
aspects conducts to the conclusion of the adequate, effective and timely tutelage of
these assets only occurs through the use of a differentiated judicial protection with
preventive and inhibitory nature. In other words, protecting the intellectual property
the competitive advantage of the holder also will be safeguarded in relation to the
competition, to the personality rights of the creators and authors and to the values
and attributes that are added to the holder who takes advantage of the intellectual
properties as competition and business tools.
To support this positioning, this dissertation is based in the national and
foreign doctrine that more recently has recognized the existence of certain rights
(also called new rights , among which are the intellectual property) whose
outstanding feature is the insusceptibility pricing, making it impractical and inefficient
conversion into money, especially when it is not possible objectively quantify it and
also be unable to obtain full and adequate compensation for damage caused by the
violation. Furthermore, we have identified many concrete cases in which the Brazilian
Judiciary has not contributed to the desired primacy of the specific tutelage of the
obligations by falling to observe that the freedom of choice and the individual
freedom can be object of restriction, so that the rights of intellectual property are
actually protected in appropriate, effective and timely way / Nesta dissertação demonstramos que os direitos de propriedade intelectual
pertencem a uma categoria historicamente negligenciada por ordenamentos
jurídicos de variados países, que sempre identificaram a possibilidade de
monetização desses direitos e o uso da tutela ressarcitória como o mecanismo
preferencial para resolver os conflitos deste segmento.
Todavia, identificamos e este é o cerne da nossa pesquisa e desta
dissertação que a exata compreensão dos direitos de propriedade intelectual em
todas as suas feições conduz à conclusão de que a tutela adequada, efetiva e
tempestiva destes bens apenas ocorre mediante o emprego de uma tutela
jurisdicional diferenciada de índole preventiva e inibitória. Ou seja, protegendo-se a
propriedade intelectual o diferencial e a posição de vantagem competitiva do titular
também serão salvaguardados em relação à concorrência, aos direitos da
personalidade inerentes aos seus respectivos criadores e autores e, ainda, aos
valores e aos atributos que são incorporados ao titular que se vale das propriedades
intelectuais como ferramentas de competição e de negócios.
Para sustentar este posicionamento, esta dissertação está baseada na
doutrina nacional e estrangeira que mais modernamente tem reconhecido a
existência de certos direitos (também chamados de novos direitos , dentre os quais
estão os de propriedade intelectual) cuja característica marcante é a
insuscetibilidade de precificação, tornando inviável e ineficaz a conversão em
pecúnia, especialmente quando não se consegue objetivamente quantificá-los e,
assim, igualmente não se consegue obter a plena e suficiente reparação dos danos
causados pela violação. Além disso, identificamos uma série de casos concretos em
que o Poder Judiciário brasileiro não contribuiu para a desejada primazia da tutela
específica das obrigações ao não observar que a autonomia da vontade e da
liberdade individual podem ser objeto de restrição, a fim de que os direitos de
propriedade intelectual sejam realmente tutelados de modo adequado, efetivo e
tempestivo
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Procedimento monitório / Procedure of injunctionOliveira, Cybele 02 May 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-02 / This work aims at investigating the regular procedure of tutelage in the juridical order of Brazil, which was introduced as a form of differentiated juridical tutelage by the Law 9079, from July 14, 1995. A wide bibiographycal research was made with the objective of analysing the former historical records of the juridical tutelage, which is the subject of this analysis, as well as the changes it suffered with the years, besides some successful foreign experiences concerning this issue, especially the ones in Italy and germany.
As for the defined profile by the national legislator to this procedure of contentious jurisdiction, its main polemic aspects were also analysed, not only in relation to the juridical nature of some juridical procedures likely to be released during the development of this procedure form, but also other topics which have brought in a lot of discussion, especially those related to the suitability of this tutelage when faced, for instance, to the Public Administration. The new regulation given to the fullfilment of the sentences introduced in the juridical order by the Law 11232, from December 22, 2005, has affected tremendously the procedure here analysed. Therefore it was also object of analysis, although in a brief way, once it was not relevant to the frame which guided the accomplishment of this work / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade investigar a disciplina do procedimento monitório no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, o qual foi introduzido, como uma modalidade de tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, através da Lei 9.079, de 14 de julho de 1995. Para tanto, foi empreendida uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica com o objetivo de analisar os mais remotos antecedentes históricos da tutela jurídica sob análise, bem como a transformação por esta sofrida no decorrer dos tempos, além de algumas experiências alienígenas satisfatórias em relação ao tema, sobretudo a italiana e a alemã.
No que tange ao perfil impresso pelo legislador pátrio a esse procedimento especial de jurisdição contenciosa, seus principais aspectos polêmicos também foram analisados, não apenas no que se refere à natureza jurídica de alguns pronunciamentos judiciais passíveis de serem emitidos durante a tramitação desta modalidade procedimental, como outros temas que têm gerado muita dissensão, sobretudo aqueles relacionados à adequação dessa tutela em face de algumas pessoas, como, por exemplo, a Fazenda Pública. A nova disciplina conferida ao cumprimento das sentenças, introduzida no ordenamento jurídico por meio da Lei 11.232 de 22 de dezembro de 2005, afetou sobremaneira o procedimento ora analisado, de modo que também foi objeto de analise, ainda que de forma sucinta, por fugir aos escopos fundamentais que nortearam a execução desse trabalho
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Caracterização geoquímica e isotrópica (Sr-Nd-Pb) dos litotipos subalcalinos diferenciados do enxame da serra do mar / Geochemical and isotopic (Sr-Nd-Pb) characterization of the subalkaline differentiated lithotypes from the Serra do Mar SwarmCaio Morelli Vicentini 12 February 2016 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta a caracterização geoquímica e isotópica (Sr-Nd-Pb) das rochas subalcalinas diferenciadas dos diques do Enxame da Serra do Mar (ESM), localizado na costa dos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, sendo constituído principalmente por diques básicos com altos teores de TiO2 (>3%). Os diques intermediários e ácidos, encontrados apenas na Ilha de São Sebastião e costa adjacente, foram submetidos à análise de elementos traços por ativação com nêutrons (AAN), que possibilitou a determinação de elementos terras raras (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb e Lu) e outros traços incompatíveis (U, Th, Hf, Ta, Ba e Rb), além de Co e Sc. As amostras foram também analisadas por espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS), que permitiu efetuar uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos pelos dois métodos. Foram ainda determinadas as razões isotópicas de Sr, Nd e Pb em cinco amostras representativas. Os dados obtidos por AAN indicam precisão de até 14% (maioria abaixo de 10%) e exatidão de até 4%. A comparação estatística dos dados de AAN com ICP-MS mostrou que as técnicas fornecem resultados estatisticamente concordantes para a grande maioria dos elementos analisados. Os diques diferenciados são quimicamente representados por lati-andesitos (LTA), dacitos (DAC) e riodacitos (RC). Dentre os LTA observa-se um conjunto de 4 amostras (Grupo 1) com características geoquímicas semelhantes às rochas basálticas Pitanga da Província Magmática do Paraná (PMP), embora apresentem razões isotópicas iniciais de Sr e Pb mais radiogênicas. Os demais LTA (Grupo 2) apresentam enriquecimento significativo de elementos fortemente incompatíveis. Entre as rochas mais diferenciadas dos LTA (Grupo 2) e aquelas dos DAC e RC há lacunas composicionais, sugerindo que a evolução não ocorreu por cristalização fracionada. À semelhança da gênese das rochas vulcânicas ácidas do tipo Chapecó-Ourinhos da PMP, é possível que os diques DAC e RC tenham sido originados por refusão de material de composição basáltica aprisionado na descontinuidade crosta-manto. As razões isotópicas dos diques do ESM sugerem que a gênese desse material basáltico envolveu fusão de manto litosférico subcontinental metassomatizado, conforme proposto para os diques mesozoicos do Espinhaço Meridional (Craton do São Francisco), que possuem composições isotópicas similares. Os magmas diferenciados gerados nesse processo podem ter sofrido contaminação crustal, conforme indicado também pelas composições isotópicas de Sr, Nd e Pb, requerendo, no entanto, um contaminante com características muito específicas. / The geochemical and isotopic (Sr-Nd-Pb) characterization of the subalkaline differentiated dykes from the Serra do Mar Swarm (ESM) is presented. These rocks are located at the coast of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states and are mainly composed by basic dikes with high contents of TiO2 (> 3%). Intermediate and acid dykes, which are found only in the São Sebastião Island and adjacent coast area were investigated by using neutron activation analysis (AAN), allowing determination of the concentrations of rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu) and other compatible (Co and Sc) and incompatible trace elements (U, Th, Hf, Ta, Ba and Rb). The samples were also analyzed by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS), permitting the comparison between the results obtained by the two methods. The isotope compositions of Sr, Nd and Pb were also determined in five representative samples. The data obtained by AAN indicate precision of up to 14% (most below 10%) and accuracy of up to 4%. The statistical comparison of AAN and ICP-MS data showed that the techniques provide statistically identical results for the vast majority of the analyzed elements. The differentiated dykes are chemically represented by lati-andesites (LTA), dacites (DAC) and riodacites (RC). Four LTA samples (Group 1) have geochemical similarities with Pitanga basaltic flows from Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP), although presenting Sr and Pb initial ratios slightly more radiogenic. The remaining LTA (Group 2) rocks are enriched in highly incompatible trace elements. The compositional gap between the most evolved LTA (Group 2) and the DAC and RC suggests that the evolution of this rocks is not compatible with fractional crystallization processes. Likewise the genesis of Chapecó-Ourinhos acid volcanic rocks from PMP, it is possible that the DAC and RC have been generated by melting of basalt material, which was trapped in crust-mantle discontinuity. The isotope ratios of the ESM dykes suggest that this basaltic material was generated by melting of a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle source, due to ancient subduction processes, as proposed for the Mesozoic dykes from the Espinhaço Meridional (São Francisco Craton), whose isotope ratios are very similar. The differentiated magmas generated in this process would be affected by crustal contamination during their ascension, as also indicated by the Sr, Nd and Pb isotope compositions, requiring however, very specific characteristics for the contaminant.
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