With this study, our purpose has been to achieve profounded knowledge and understanding regarding the use of discretion among social workers specialized in social allowance issues. The Social Services Act, structured as a framework law in the Swedish context, provides the social worker with a certain degree of discretion, in order to enable accommodated decisions depending on client case specifics. This study problematizes these aspects of legal security, and our intention has been to examine which factors impact the assessments social workers carry out in statutory decisions of social allowance applications. To attain this, we narrowed down our intention into a number of distinct and delimitated research questions: (1) Which elements of the client case impact the social worker’s assessment? (2) Which external aspects influence the social worker’s assessments and decisions? (3) How do social workers decide the client’s credibility?   In order to establish answers to our research questions, we have utilized a qualitative approach of research by exerting qualitative interviews in addition to a vignette study. We have conducted five interviews with social workers specialized in social allowance issues. The empirical material was analyzed and illustrated in the view of Lipsky’s descriptive theory of street-level bureaucracy, and in the light of different theories of authoritarian power, as constituted by Lukes and Foucault.   Within the municipality subject to our research, our vignette study establishes the fact disparities exist among the assessments social workers decide from an application of social allowance. The result of our study exhibit social workers’ grounds of assessment are influenced by a number of aspects. These facets of impact compose internal factors existing within the client case frame. Related to the unique characteristics of a client’s situation, the internal factors also depend on the relation created between social worker and client. Furthermore, the social worker’s assessment is affected by external factors including colleague consultation, supervisor influence and contemporary work load levels. Additionally, our study implies aspects influencing decision-making of social workers occurring on a meta level, which we have opted to denominate semi-external factors. These factors embrace levels of client credibility as well as aspects of power present in the social worker – client relation.

Les relations de travail et d'emploi sont devenues des enjeux importants en Chine. La Chine a ratifié 25 conventions internationales du travail et a travaillé en étroite collaboration avec l'OIT pour améliorer la sécurité et la santé au travail. Malgré ces efforts, la Chine est souvent critiquée pour des violations du travail. Face à ces problèmes, un système législatif d'administration de travail a été développé au niveau national. Mais l’application de ces règlements demeure problématique.. En particulier, les difficultés rencontrées par les inspecteurs du travail dans l'application de ces lois constituent un élément clé du problème. Notre mémoire s'intéresse essentiellement au rôle de l'inspecteur du travail dans l'administration publique de la sécurité du travail en Chine. Ces fonctionnaires jouent un rôle important et peuvent parfois exercer leur discrétion en tant qu'acteurs de première ligne, faisant d'eux de vrais décideurs politiques. Par conséquent, la compréhension de leur rôle et de leur discrétion dans l'application des normes du travail en Chine est cruciale. Notre mémoire est centré sur une étude de cas qualitative d'un bureau d'inspection du travail dans la région de Beijing. Dans le cadre de notre recherche nous avons examiné le rôle des inspecteurs du travail au moyen d’entretiens semi-structurés, d’une recherche documentaire ainsi qu’à l’occasion d’une brève observation des inspecteurs sur lors de la visite d’un lieu de travail. Les résultats démontrent que la définition du pouvoir discrétionnaire des inspecteurs du travail de première ligne en Chine est un enjeu très complexe. L’étude de cas permet cependant d’élaborer un cadre permettant l’identification des facteurs critiques déterminants pour l'évaluation et la compréhension de la nature du pouvoir discrétionnaire de l'inspecteur du travail en application de la loi. / Labour and employment relations have become important issues in China. China has ratified 25 international labour conventions and has worked closely with the ILO to improve occupational safety and health. Despite these efforts, China is often criticized for labour violations. China has in response built a relatively complete legal and regulatory picture of labour regulations nationwide. The problem facing China today is enforcing these laws and regulations. A key part of this problem is the critical question of examining the challenges faced by labour inspectors in implementing these laws. This research project focuses on the role of labour inspection in the public administration of work safety in China. These public servants play an important role and may at times exercise their own discretion as street-level actors, making them the real policy decision makers. Consequently, understanding their role and discretion in the application of labour standards in China is crucial. This research is a qualitative case study of one labour inspection office in the Beijing area and examines the role of labour inspectors through semi-structured interviews, documents, and a brief observation of labour inspectors on-the-job. The results indicate that defining the discretionary power of street-level labour inspectors in China is a very complex task, but a framework is developed through this case study to identify critical issues important to evaluating and understanding the nature of street-level labour inspector discretion in enforcement.

The aim of this essay was to gain a deeper understanding about how school employees interpret and practice school law regarding cyber-bullying that occurs between pupils on the internet. To examine this we used a qualitative method. We completed eight interviews with five teachers, one headmaster, one school welfare officer and one special educationist. These eight school employees were from four different high schools. In our interviews we found that the school employees thought it was difficult to define different concepts within the school law such as in association with the occupation and offensive behaviour which prohibits them from interpreting the school law in the same way. These concepts were what seemed to make the law unclear when it came to situations involving cyber-bullying. We also found that they regarded the equal treatment plan as their most important tool when working with cyber-bullying even though they were uncertain about whether it was practiced when a situation emerged. This because of the school employees´ discretion that seemed to dominate more than what the school law states in most situations when it came to assessing how serious a cyber-bullying situation was and how it should be handled. We also understood that the school employees required more discussions and education regarding cyber-bullying in order to gain a deeper understanding of how to handle the problem. It seemed that cyber-bullying was not a prioritized matter due to that the employees had a lot of other things to attend too.

The aim of this study is to through six interviews, with six experienced, social workers’, in three cities, understand how the child’s position in the Swedish child protective services’ enquiries has change, and the factors behind it. The aim is also to compare if the social workers’ view of the child’s position in the enquire has change accordingly to Socialstyrelsens intentions of BBIC. The theoretical approaches that was used is the new institutionalism, the Shier’s pathways to participation and the term discretion. The results of the study shows that through the perspective of social workers, the factors that helped the child’s position to improve are the new organization of working patterns and the new documentation system, the new mindset of the social workers’ and the way the social workers’ talk to the children. The study also shows that through the child’s position in child protective enquiries has improved accordingly to Socialstyrelsens intentions of BBIC.

How should Australian criminal trial courts treat evidence deriving from illegally or improperly obtained evidence? The fact that derivative evidence gives rise to factors distinct from primary evidence makes it deserving of an examination of its peculiarities. In doing so, the assumption may be put aside that derivative evidence falls wholly within the established general discourse of illegally or improperly obtained evidence. Just as the judicial response to primary evidence must be intellectually rigorous, disciplined and principled, so must be the response to derivative evidence. As such, a principled analysis of how Australian courts should approach derivative evidence can significantly contribute to the discourse on the law with respect to the exclusion of illegally or improperly obtained evidence. This thesis provides that principled analysis by arguing that the principles which underpin and inform the discretionary exclusionary frameworks within Australia require an approach which is consistent as between illegally obtained derivative evidence and illegally obtained primary evidence.

L’objet de cette thèse est de tester la pertinence de l’hypothèse du piège du sous développement, en montrant à travers les performances économiques, que la politique de désinflation a installé l’économie marocaine dans un équilibre bas. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence les effets restrictifs sur la croissance et l'emploi, de l'orientation de la politique monétaire et budgétaire. Le cadre conceptuel proposé découle des débats afférents à la règle versus discrétion, à l’indépendance et la crédibilité de la Banque centrale, à la soutenabilité budgétaire et un policy mix coopératif. L'évaluation du policy mix mis en œuvre avec rigueur depuis 1998, s’appuie sur l'articulation de cadres d’analyse issus des théories de la politique économique, de l'économie de la croissance endogène et de l'analyse en termes de capacités d'Amartya Sen. Deux axes de réflexion ont été élaborés. Le premier concerne le rattachement du concept de piège du sous développement à celui de la croissance molle constituant ainsi, les principales caractéristiques du régime de croissance en présentant les contraintes qui pèsent sur l’économie. Le second met l’accent sur l’évaluation du bien-être à partir des opportunités et des libertés offertes par les politiques publiques. Dans ce sens, il est question d’analyser les recoupements qui existent entre la politique économique, le bien-être social et les capacités. Ainsi, le premier des cinq chapitres de la thèse, traite des soubassements théoriques et des mécanismes sous-jacents qui ont guidé le décideur public dans le choix de sa politique économique. Les règles fixes en matière d'inflation et de limitation du déficit public, la coordination du réglage monétaire et de la gestion des finances publiques, l'indépendance de Banque centrale, les réformes structurelles entreprises ainsi que la priorité accordée à la stabilité macroéconomique, attestent et cautionnent les fondements néoclassiques de la politique économique. La recherche de la crédibilité monétaire à travers la règle fixe d'inflation de 2% a conduit à un renchérissement du coût du crédit. Le maintien des taux d’intérêt élevés est à l’encontre des intérêts des PME qui se trouvent pénalisées par le rationnement du crédit dont elles font l’objet. En matière budgétaire, la réduction du déficit public à 3% constitue une règle qui assure la maîtrise des finances publiques et soutient l’Institut d’émission dans sa lutte contre l’inflation. Le respect impératif de cette règle, quels que soient les chocs qui affectent l’économie, entretient les facteurs de blocage liés à la baisse de la demande et du revenu globaux. Le décideur public se prive ainsi, d'actions de redistribution et de régulation de la conjoncture susceptibles de limiter les disparités sociales. La politique de rigueur, de par le coût social qu’elle induit, limite la garantie des droits et des libertés. Le chômage des jeunes, les difficultés d’accès aux biens et services de base, la pauvreté, le sous emploi et l’analphabétisme constituent un manque de libertés et de droits qui restreint l’étendue des choix et des réalisations effectives. Il apparaît, en définitive, que le choix de la politique de rigueur axée sur des règles inflexibles, atteint assurément l’objectif de stabilité macroéconomique, mais au prix d’un déficit de croissance et de bien-être social. Les effets de la crise financière sur l’économie viennent confirmer la fragilité du système de croissance. Celle-ci a transité par des effets de revenus liés à la baisse de la demande externe à travers quatre canaux de transmission: le tourisme, les exportations, les transferts des résidents marocains à l’étranger et les IDE. Les taux de croissance enregistrés entre 2008 et 2010 restent faibles et l’emploi recule. L'impact de la crise met fin à l'illusion de résilience de l’économie et attire l’attention sur le fait qu’il existe une politique alternative axée sur la croissance et l’emploi. / The aim of this research is to test the relevance of underdevelopment trap concept, by showing through the economic performance, that the policy of disinflation has installed the Moroccan economy in a low balance. The purpose is to highlight the restrictive effects on the growth and employment, the orientation of monetary and fiscal policy. The proposed conceptual framework derives from the debates related to the rule versus discretion, independence and credibility of the Central Bank, fiscal sustainability and a cooperative policy mix. The evaluation of the policy mix implemented with rigor since 1998 is based on the articulation of analytical frameworks from the theories of the economic policy, the economy of the endogenous growth and analysis in terms of capabilities of Amartya Sen. Two lines of thought have been developed. The first one involves the incorporation of the concept of underdevelopment trap to the sluggish growth thus constituting, the main characteristics of the system of growth in presenting the constraints on the economy. The second puts the evaluation of the welfare on the opportunities and freedoms offered by public policies. In this sense, it is necessary to analyze the inferences that exist between the economic policy, social welfare and the capabilities. These analyzes have mobilized multiple empirical data in order to assess the contradictory factors that prevent the economic activity from achieving its potential growth. Thus, the first five chapters of the thesis deals with theoretical foundations and the underlying mechanisms that guided the policy makers in the choice of its economic policy. The fixed rules in regard to inflation and the limitation of public deficit, the coordination of monetary setting and for the management of public finances, the independence of the Central Bank, the structural reforms as well as the priority given to macroeconomic stability, attest and endorse the neoclassical foundations of the economic policy. Seeking monetary credibility through the fixed rule of 2% inflation led to an increase in the cost of credit. Indeed, maintaining high interest rates is counter to the interests of SMEs which are penalized by the rationing the amount of credit that they are the subject. In budgetary matters, reducing the deficit to 3% constitutes a rule that ensures the control of public finances and supports the issuing institute in its fight against inflation. The imperative respect for this rule, regardless of the adverse shocks that affect the economy, maintains the factors of blocking linked to the decline in demand and the global income. Public Decision makers are thus deprived the shares of redistribution and to regulate their situation likely to limit social disparities. The strict policy limits the guarantee of rights and freedom because of its resulting social costs. Youth unemployment, the difficulties of access to goods and basic facilities, poverty, underemployment and illiteracy are a lack of freedom and rights that restricts the range of choice and achievements. The growth deficit feeds the social deficit and the extent of inequality strengthens it. It appears, eventually, that the choice of the strict policy focused on inflexible rules ensures, certainly achieved the objective of macroeconomic stability, but at the cost of low growth and welfare. The effects of the financial crisis on the economy just confirm the fragility of the system of growth. The latter has channelled through the effects of income related to the decline in external demand through four channels of transmission: tourism, exports, and transfers from Moroccan living abroad and the IED. The rate of growth recorded between 2008 and 2010 remained low and employment declined. The impact of the crisis puts an end to the illusion of resilience of the economy and draws the attention to the fact that there is an alternative policy focused on growth and employment.

A investigação proposta no trabalho foi estimulada pela reduzida preocupação doutrinária e jurisprudencial em compreender o efetivo papel e o atual significado do “interesse público” no âmbito do Direito Administrativo Brasileiro, dúplice escopo do presente estudo. Estabelece-se, em um primeiro momento, breve análise dos fundamentos político-normativos que legitimam a atuação dos agentes públicos, reforçando a relevância das normas jurídicas produzidas por autoridades democraticamente investidas na construção das finalidades estatais que acabam por configurar o interesse público em perspectiva constitucional ou política. Como decorrência, aborda-se a necessária vinculação da atuação administrativa à lei e ao Direito no âmbito do Estado Democrático, condição imposta pelo princípio da legalidade para que a Administração Pública tenha sua atuação delimitada juridicamente, o que indica que no processo de concreção do interesse público (passando para uma perspectiva administrativa ou jurídica do conceito) a função da autoridade pública é integrativa, condicionada à concessão de certa margem de liberdade pelas normas jurídicas, por meio do emprego de conceitos indeterminados ou mediante asseguramento de discricionariedade. O trabalho ocupa-se, ainda, em ressaltar que o Direito Administrativo teve sua origem na busca pela regulação do conflito dialético entre as prerrogativas assecuratórias do exercício da autoridade estatal e as garantias de liberdade e direitos individuais dos cidadãos, o que acaba levando à abordagem do aventado caráter “supremo” do interesse público e sua contraposição aos interesses privados. Dessa forma, é feita a interpretação do polêmico “princípio da supremacia do interesse público sobre o interesse privado” em conformidade com a Constituição Federal de 1988, de modo a evidenciar que a função dessa norma-princípio acabou sendo incorporada na ordem constitucional atual por meio dos princípios apresentados no caput do art. 37, especialmente da legalidade e da impessoalidade, os quais atuam como parâmetros para o controle jurisidicional do interesse público, já que condicionam a atividade administrativa ao respeito dos limites formais impostos pela regra de competêcia (legalidade na forma da reserva legal) e à observância da espécie e grau de interesse público incorporado na previsão legal, evitando-se um possível desvio de finalidade (impessoalidade) no agir dos agentes da Administração Pública, imbricação que, inclusive, vem reconhecida no direito positivo pátrio, conforme se constata na redação dos arts. 1º e 2º da Lei nº 9.784/99. / The research was stimulated by the reduced concern of doctrine and jurisprudence in understanding the actual role and the current meaning of "public interest" under the Brazilian Administrative Law, wich is the twofold scope of this study. It’s established, at first, a brief analysis of the political-normative elements that legitimize the actions of public servants, reinforcing the relevance of the legal standards produced by democratically invested authorities on the State’s purposes definition that shapes the public interest in constitutional or political perspective. In consequence, it’s analized the necessary linkage of administrative action to the rules and the Law in a Democratic State, condition imposed by the principle of legality to juridically limitate Public Administration’s activities, indicating that the fuction of administrative staff in the concretion of public interest (in administrative or legal perspective) is posterior and integrative, especially in situations wich the rules allows a certain margin of freedom, like when there is an indeterminate concept to interpretate or the administrative discretion needs to be use. The dissertation seeks, furthermore, to emphasize that the Administrative Law had its origin by searching for the regulation to pacify the dialectical conflict between the prerogatives that ensure the authority’s exercise and the guarantees of freedom and individual rights, imposing the analisis of the alleged “supreme” character of the public interest and its opposition to private interests. So, it’s enphasized the controversial “principle of the supremacy of public interest over private interest” and its normative interpretation under the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 in order to show that the function of this principle was incorporated in the current constitutional order through the principles presented in the chapeau of article 37, specially the legality and impersonality, which act as parameters for the public interest’s judicial review, since they affect the administrative activities to respect the formal limits imposed by the rule that delegates power (legality in the legal reserve form) and the observance of the kind and degree of public interest incorporated into the legal provision, avoiding a possible deviation of objective (impersonality), overlapping that comes recognized in national positive law, as noted in articles 1 and 2 of Brazilian Statute Law n 9.784/99.

Text in Afrikaans / Alhoewel die lokvalstelsel as misdaadbekampingsmetode lank reeds bestaan, is die toepassing daarvan nog altyd kontroversieE!I. Hierdie omstredenheid is die laaste paar jaar op die voorgrond gedryf deur 'n Regskommissie-ondersoek, sowel as deur die aanvaarding van 'n Handves van Menseregte. Ondersoek word ingestel na hierdie omstredenheid deur te kyk na die inhoud en toepassing van die stelsel, sowel as na die rol wat private persona, die polisie en die hot by die stelsel speeL Die gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word, is dat die omstredenheid van die stelsel te danke is aan die feit dat dit verband hou met pro-aktiewe regshandhawing, wat in wese bestaan uit die gebruik van misleiding ten einde die pleging van 'n misdaad teweeg te bring. Die probleem met pro-aktiewe regshandhawing is dat dit 'n geleentheid skep vir die uitoefening van polisiediskresie wat grootliks sonder beheer geskied, met potensiele wanoptrede aan die kant van regshandhawers en die ondermyning van die publiek se vertroue in die billikheid van die strafregspleging. Ondersoek word gevolglik ingestel na metodes om diskresie-uitoefening by die lokvalstelsel te regverdig, aangesien daar wei ruimte is vir diskresionere magte wat behoorlik begrens, gestruktureer en gekontroleer is. Die vernaamste metodes van beheer oor diskresie­ uitoefening by die lokvalstelsel, naamlik die uitsluiting van getuienis en weerstand in 'n strafgeding, word grondig ondersoek met verwysing na die Engelse-, Amerikaanse- en Kanadese reg. Dit is egter die uitgangspunt van hierdie proefskrif dat wetgewende strukturering van diskresie-uitoefening by die lokvalstelsel die mees effektiewe oplossing bied vir meeste van die problema van die stelsel. Die enigste aanvaarbare basis waarop die lokvalstelsel kan funksioneer, is om deur middel van wetgewing die trefwydte van toelaatbare lokvaltegnieke en die beperkinge waarbinne regshandhawers regsonderdane mag beweeg om misdade te pleeg, te definieer. Daar is dus 'n behoefte aan die kodifisering van standaarde waaraan voldoen moet word voordat enige lokvaloperasie behoort te begin. / Although the system of trapping has long been used as a method of preventing crime, its employment has always been controversial. In the recent past, this controversy has come to the front due to an investigation by the South African Law Commission and the acceptance of a Bill of Rights. This thesis investigates this controversy by looking at the contents and application of the system, as well as the role which private persons, the police and the court play in the system. The conclusion arrived at, is that the controversy surrounding the system is due to the fact that it has to do with pro-active law enforcement, which consists of the use of deception to induce the performance of a criminal act. The problem with pro-active law enforcement is that it creates an opportunity for the exercise of police discretion which is mainly uncontrolled, with potentialmisconduct on the part of law enforcement officials and the subversion of public trust in the reasonableness of the criminal justice system. Consequently, methods by which the exercise of discretion in the system of trapping can be justified are investigated, since there is room for discretionary powers which are properly circumscribed, structured and controlled. The main methods of control over the exercise of discretion in the system of trapping, namely the exclusion of evidence and a defence in a criminal proceeding, are fully investigated with reference to English, American and Canadian law. Having considered the above, the conclusion is advanced that legislative structuring of the exercise of discretion in the system of trapping offers the most effective solution for most of the problems underlying the system. The only acceptable basis on which the system can function, is to define the scope of acceptable trapping techniques and the confines within which law enforcement officials may prevail on someone to commit a crime. This must be done by means of legislation. Accordingly, there is a need for codification of standards which have to be complied with before any trapping operation may commence. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.D. (Criminal & Procedural Law)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in Afrikaans / Until 1988, hearsay-evidence in our legal system was governed by common law. During this period resistance developed regarding the practice that hearsay which complied with certain exceptions could indeed be allowed. Case law excluded further exceptions being added. Legislation was enacted in 1988 in which hearsay was defined, a total exclusionary rule retained, but the Courts given a wide discretion to allow hearsay. Via this legislation a more accommodating stance towards hearsay was introduced. This dissertation aimed at measuring whether the legislation achieved its objectives and consisted of analysing case law and interviewing Judges and Advocates. The conclusion arrived at is that the legislation has only marginally changed the usage of hearsay in our legal system. The major obstacle lies in the attitude of practitioners who continue to distrust hearsay and do not utilize the mechanism provided by statute. / Tot en met 1988, is hoorse-getuienis in ons regstelsel gemeenregtelik beheer. In die tydperk bet besware egter geleidelik ontwikkel veral oor die gekunstelde wyse waarop hoorsê as aan bepaalde uitsonderings voldoen is wel toegelaat is. Regspraak het voorts ook bepaal dat geen verdere uitsonderings toegevoeg kon word nie. In 1988 is wetgewing uitgevaardig waarin hoorsê-getuienis omskryf word, 'n algehele uitsluitingsreel behou word maar aan die howe 'n wye diskresie verleen word om na oorweging van voorgeskrewe faktore, hoorsê wei toe te laat. Die oogmerk van hierdie wetgewing was om 'n meganisme daar te stel om soos by die civil regstelsels en sekere ander Iande, 'n meer toeskietlike houding jeens hoorsê te bewerkstellig. Hierdie verhandeling se hoofdoel was om te bepaal of die wetgewing in die doel geslaag bet. Om tot 'n bevinding te kom is regspraak ontleed, en is onderhoude gevoer beide met Regters en die Advokatuur. Die slotsom bereik dui daarop dat die wetgewing maar weinig verander bet in die gebruikmaking van hoorse-getuienis in ons regstelsel. Wat die wetgewing self betref, hoewel daar sekere besware te make is oor sekere bepalings, verskaf dit tog 'n bruikbare instrument. Die grootste struikelblok is gelee in die instelling van die praktisyns wat bly vasklou aan 'n gevestigde vrees vir hoarse en nie gebruikmaak van die nuwe geleentheid nou deur die wetgewing daargestel nie. / Law / LL.M.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar que uma releitura dos princípios do contraditório e do dever de motivar as decisões judiciais, sob a ótica da maior participação dos jurisdicionados, tem o condão de alcançar a esperada legitimidade democrática da atuação judicial. Para tanto, antes de adentrar ao cerne da questão, buscou-se analisar ordenamentos de tradições jurídicas distintas, civil law e common law, a fim de delinear as perspectivas que referidos sistemas enxergavam o dever de motivar a decisão judicial. O estudo convergiu para o momento atual do direito, iniciado na segunda metade do séc. XX com o movimento de constitucionalização e, consequentemente, judicialização dos direitos. Uma das maiores críticas ao momento vivido é o amplo espaço interpretativo do juiz, abrindo as portas para a discricionariedade, o que foi combatido e rechaçado tendo como parâmetro as origens do instituto. Passado referido ponto, discutiu-se sobre as evoluções e novas tendências que circundam os princípios do contraditório e do dever de motivar, cuja finalidade foi demonstrar a estreita conexão entre as normas. Conclusão inexorável foi que ambos compõem a base das garantias processuais que legitimam a atuação judicial democrática. Por fim, procurou-se tecer alguns comentários sobre os equívocos cometidos na interpretação do princípio do convencimento judicial, e como essa perspectiva pode ser alterada com as diretivas presentes no projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil, haja vista que suas previsões abraçam boa parte das ideias debatidas no presente trabalho. / This work aims to demonstrate the repercussion brought up by a rereading of the adversarial rule and the reasoning of the judicial decisions rule, from the perspective of the greater participation of the citizens, and its effects to achieve the expected democratic legitimacy of the judicial act. In order to reach the main point of this paper, the methodology adopted includes an analysis about legal systems of different traditions, civil law and common law, with the objective to outline the perspectives that those systems had seen the duty to reasoning a judicial decision. In this context, the present study converged to the current Law perspectives, started in the second half of the 20th century with the movement of a constitutionalisation and, therefore, an increasing judicialization of rights. One of the main criticism of the current moment, is the broad space for judicial interpretation, opening the doors for discretion, which was opposed and repelled, in light of the parameters leaded by the origins of the institute. After this aspect, it was discussed about the new developments and trends that surround the adversarial rule and the reasoning of the judicial decisions rule, all in order to prove the close connection between such rules. The conclusion demonstrated that both standards compose the basis of the procedural guarantees that legitimating the democratic judicial act. Finally, comments were made about the equivocal understanding of the motivated free conviction rule, and how this view can be changed with the perspectives in the bill of law that represents the new Civil Procedure Code, considering that their provisions enfold a great part of the ideas of this paper.