Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves R1-9).

Residential facilities for adults with developmental disabilities offer essential accommodations and support services, with fostering communication for residents as an important aspect of care. Despite the importance of communication, previous research has identified concerns about staff performance (SP) in facilitating positive social interactions, such as engaging in consequent-mediating behavior for residents' mands. Previous research has primarily focused on improving SP through skills-based training. Yet, Skinner's theory of verbal behavior emphasizes the social and reciprocal nature of mands. Skinner suggests that the listener's behavior, engaging in consequence-mediating behavior, must be conditioned by the verbal community. However, empirical investigations into the reinforcing practices of staff in residential facilities, such as the shaping and sustaining of different types of resident mands, is limited. The current investigation sought to address this gap in research by evaluating if distinct mand topographies, disguised or specific mands, influenced the likelihood of staff engaging in consequence-mediated behavior across three staff-resident dyads. Results suggest a low probability of staff responding to, or reinforcing, mands, thus limiting conclusions on the effects of mand topographies on staff performance. Future directions and considerations regarding resident-staff interactions are discussed.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Harold J. Noah. Dissertation Committee: Peter Moock, George Z. F. Bereday. Bibliography: leaves 165-175.

<p>At first glance Anna Sewell’s Black Beauty is merely a story about a horse’s life, adventures and destiny. However, a parallel feminist reading reveals and foregrounds the living conditions for women in Victorian England but since this was a highly controversial issue, she was forced to disguise her true intentions. I support my thesis that Sewell is really dealing with the female body as abused, violently disciplined and prostituted by drawing on a wide range of secondary material such as legal acts and women’s fashion.</p>

At first glance Anna Sewell’s Black Beauty is merely a story about a horse’s life, adventures and destiny. However, a parallel feminist reading reveals and foregrounds the living conditions for women in Victorian England but since this was a highly controversial issue, she was forced to disguise her true intentions. I support my thesis that Sewell is really dealing with the female body as abused, violently disciplined and prostituted by drawing on a wide range of secondary material such as legal acts and women’s fashion.

Scholarly interest in the informal economy has burgeoned in recent years, in anticipation of expanding our knowledge beyond the easily observable organizational life that takes place within the formal economic system. In line with this research endeavour, the present work represents a focused study of what I have labelled 'disguised relationships'. These ties result in repeated transactions between informal economy enterprises, which fail to comply with certain elements of the laws and regulations applying to their operations, and formal firms, which operate within the state-sanctioned formal economy. Drawing on an abductive reasoning process and grounded theory approach, I conduct a case study that captures the interactions between two leading cosmetics firms (i.e. formal firms) and ten daigou enterprises (i.e. informal enterprises) between 2013 and 2017. The examination of multiple data sources (i.e. interviews, news articles and social media observations) suggests that the organizational landscape under study differs considerably from the one in which formal firms are portrayed as rational choosers of best-performing partners or exploiters of subordinate actors within the informal economy. Rather, disguised relationships emerge in a unilateral and disguised fashion following the lead of informal enterprises, and formal firms unintentionally engage in the unexpected ties. Furthermore, disguised relationships create the image of dynamism replete with, metaphorically speaking, give-take, push-pull and chase-evade. More specifically, the emergent model illustrates the interactive practices through four mechanisms: (a) informal enterprises gaining social acceptability from certain society groups and acquiring the necessary resources from the members of identity-based groups; (b) drawing on this momentum, informal enterprises forming unilateral ties with formal firms in a disguised manner; (c) formal firms counteracting the unexpected ties, with temporary compromising on the counteracting efforts; and (d) informal enterprises avoiding the combatting efforts of formal firms through socially learnt tactics and leveraging network brokers (i.e. actors sharing the same ethnic/cultural backgrounds with informal enterprises while at the same time working for formal firms). This thesis makes contributions to the literature on both interorganizational relationships and the informal economy by overcoming the perennial problem of 'dualism' that is prevalent in the extant work. First, while the subject-object dualism bestows upon formal firms a heroic status such that they are conceptualized as rational actors forming interorganizational relationships, always on the basis of plans and goals, the current work argues that formal firms may participate in unexpected, yet lasting, ties, which requires ongoing situational responsiveness. Second, the structure-agency dualism projects the static image in which formal firms deliberately establish exploitative ties with structurally isolated informal enterprises, whereas the present study suggests that informal enterprises may exercise agency to proactively establish or dissolve connections with formal firms and to strengthen or weaken the relationships at their discretion. As such, dynamism figures prominently in the interorganizational relationships between formal firms and informal enterprises.

Negative expected values typically define the behavior of gambling whereby a person risks more money than probabilistically will be returned. Modern slot machines represent the most popular topography of site gambling, and are thought to encourage irrational gambling behaviors through the presentation of outcome stimuli that occasion the gambler to inaccurately detect the programmed contingencies. One recently added characteristic of modern slot machines is the ability to deliver wins with lower magnitudes of credits than the initially staked wagers. Termed a "loss disguised as a win" (LDW), this type of consequence appears to produce reinforcement effects despite representing an overall loss of credits. In a series of three experiments using computer simulated slot machines, the presentation of LDWs were initially evaluated for possible influence on the temporal characteristics of repeated wagers, subsequently examined to potentially bias response allocation across concurrently available LDW display densities, and finally appraised after discrimination training designed to potentially alter the discriminative and consequential functions of LDWs. Treatment implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Post-reinforcement pause was examined to determine the reinforcing value of a win, loss, and a loss disguised as a win (LDW) for gamblers at multi-line video slot machines. The study was conducted in naturalistic settings across a variety of participants, age 21 years and older. The length of the post-reinforcement pause was recorded using a stopwatch for one win, one loss, and one LDW for each participant and was measured by recording the time between the outcome delivery and the initiation of the next spin. The different times were evaluated to determine which of the three resulted in the longest post-reinforcement pause for the gamblers following the slot machine outcome. The present study replicates and extends previous research on post-reinforcement pause in slot machine gambling, and provides discussion around the clinical utility of such findings on the prevention of problem gambling. Problem gambling is an epidemic, and there are numerous variables that contribute to its development. Post-reinforcement pause is one for those factors, and the present study can help us gain a better understanding of the events that maintain problem gambling and ways to prevent it. The results of the present study found that wins are the most reinforcing to gamblers compared to LDWs and losses, and that LDWs are significantly more reinforcing to gamblers than losses, as indicated by the patterns of the post-reinforcement pause.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the forms of gaining manpower and than their comparison. The thesis is divided into three main chapters, that deal with labour-law relations, outsourcing with emphasis on agency employment and disguised employment relationship. Labour-law relations deal with employment relationship and contracts work outside employment relationship. In chapter outsourcing, the thesis describes outsourcing in general and also offers of work agencies. The last chapter dedicates to the features how to recognise disguised employment relationship and reasons why it is practising in spite of its illegality.

Distribution of profit and other capital in commercial capital company Abstract The right to receive dividends is one of the fundamental rights of each shareholder of a capital company. Even though it stems from the very nature of a capital company that its shareholders will often wish to exercise solely their right to receive dividends, and not their right to participate in the management of the company, it is obvious that even capital companies may be established for purposes other than that of achieving profit alone. At the same time, companies, which were established solely for the purpose of achieving profit may wish to postpone the realization of profit for various reasons. Therefore, it is important for the law to be flexible enough to accommodate these needs while still providing adequate protection to creditors and minority shareholders of the company. Generally speaking, the Czech legal regulations governing the distribution of profit and other capital strike the balance between these competing interests fairly well. On the other hand, the rules contained in the Business Corporations Act are surrounded by a number of interpretational problems and uncertainties, e.g. because the applicability of the Czech Supreme Court jurisprudence issued in relation to the former Commercial Code has been called...