Multiple coherent supernova explosions (SNe) in an OB association can produce a strong shock that moves through the interstellar medium (ISM). These shocks fronts carve out hot and tenuous regions in the ISM known as superbubbles. The density contour plot at three different times (0.5 Myr (left panel), 4 Myr (middle panel), 9.5 Myr (right panel)) showing different stages of superbubble evolution for n0 = 0.5 cm−3, z0 = 300 pc, and for NOB = 104. This density contour plot is produced using ZEUS-MP 2D hydrodynamic simulation with a resolution of 512 × 512 with a logarithmic grid extending from 2 pc to 2.5 kpc. For a detailed description of this figure, see Roy et. al., 2015. The evolution of a superbubble is marked by different phases, as it moves through the ISM. Consider an OB association at the center of a disk galaxy. Initially the distance of the shock front is much smaller than the disk scale height. The superbubble shell sweeps up the ISM material, and once the amount of swept up material becomes comparable to the ejected material during SNe, the superbubble enters a self-similar phase (analogous to the Sedov-Taylor phase of individual SNe). As the superbubble shell sweeps up material, its velocity decreases, and thus the corresponding post-shock temperature drops. At a temperature of ∼ 2 × 105 K (where the cooling function peaks), the superbubble shell becomes radiative and starts losing energy via radiative cooling. This radiative phase is shown in the left panel of Figure 1. The superbubble shell starts fragmenting into clumps and channels due to Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities (RTI) (which is seeded by the thermal instability; for details see Roy et. al., 2013) when the superbubble shell crosses a few times the scale height. This is represented in the middle panel of the same figure. At a much later epoch, RTI has a strong effect on the shell fragmentation and the top of the bubble is completely blown off (the right panel). In the first chapter of the thesis (reported in Sharma et. al., 2014), we show using ZEUS-MP hydrodynamic simulations that an isolated supernova loses almost all its mechanical energy within a Myr whereas superbubbles can retain up to ∼ 40% of the input energy over the lifetime of the starcluster (∼ few tens of Myr), consistent with the analytic estimate of the second chapter. We also compare different recipes (constant luminosity driven model (LD model), kinetic energy driven model (KE model) to implement SNe feedback in numerical simulations. We determine the constraints on the injection radius (within which the SNe input energy is injected) so that the supernova explosion energy realistically couples to the interstellar medium (ISM). We show that all models produce similar results if the SNe energy is injected within a very small volume ( typically 1–2 pc for typical disk parameters). The second chapter concentrates on the conditions for galactic disks to produce superbubbles which can give rise to galactic winds after breaking out of the disk. The Kompaneets formalism provides an analytic expression for the adiabatic evolution of a superbubble. In our calculation, we include radiative cooling, and implement the supernova explosion energy in terms of constant luminosity through out the life-time of the OB stars in an exponentially stratified medium (Roy et. al., 2013). We use hydrodynamic simulations (ZEUS-MP) to determine the evolution of the superbubble shell. The main result of our calculation is a clear demarcation between the energy scales of sources causing two different astrophysical phenomenon: (i) An energy injection rate of ∼ 10−4 erg cm−2 s−1 (corresponding Mach number ∼ 2–3, produced by large OB associations) is relevant for disk galaxies with synchrotron emitting gas in the extra-planar regions. (ii) A larger energy injection scale ∼ 10−3 erg cm−2 s−1, or equivalently a surface density of star formation rate ∼ 0.1 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2 corresponding to superbubbles with high Mach number (∼ 5–10) produces galactic-scale superwinds (requires superstar clusters to evolve coherently in space and time). The stronger energy injection case also satisfies the requirements to create and maintain a multiphase halo (matches with observations). Roy et. al., 2013 also points out that Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) plays an important role in the fragmentation of superbubble shell when the shell reaches a distance approximately 2–3 times the scale-height; and before the initiation of RTI, thermal instability helps to corrugate the shell and seed the RTI. Another important finding of this chapter is the analytic estimation of the energetics of superbubble shell. The shell retains almost ∼ 30% of the thermal energy after the radiative losses at the end of the lifetime of OB associations. The third chapter considers the escape of hydrogen ionizing (Lyc) photons arising from the central OB-association that depends on the superbubble shell dynamics. The escape fraction of Lyc photons is expected to decrease at an initial stage (when the superbubble is buried in the disk) as the dense shell absorbs most of the ionizing photons, whereas the subsequently formed channels (created by RTI and thermal instabilities) in the shell creates optically thin pathways at a later time (∼ 2–3 dynamical times) which help the ionizing photons to escape. We determine an escape fraction (fesc) of Lyc photons of ∼ 10 ± 5% from typical disk galaxies (within 0 ≤ z (redshift) ≤ 2) with a weak variation with disk masses (reported in Roy et. al., 2015). This is consistent with observations of local galaxies as well as constraints from the epoch of reionization. Our work connects the fesc with the fundamental disk parameters (mid-plane density (n0), scale-height (z0)) via a relation that fescαn20z03 (with a ≈ 2.2) is a constant. In the fourth chapter, we have considered a simple model of molecule formation in the superbubble shells produced in starburst nuclei. We determine the threshold conditions on the disk parameters (gas density and scale height) for the formation of molecules in superbubble shells breaking out of disk galaxies. This threshold condition implies a gas surface density of ≥ 2000 M⊙ pc−2, which translates to a SFR of ≥ 5 M⊙ yr−1 within the nuclear region of radius ∼ 100 pc, consistent with the observed SFR of galaxies hosting molecular outflows. Consideration of molecule formation in these expanding superbubble shells predicts molecular outflows with velocities ∼ 30–40 km s−1 at distances ∼ 100–200 pc with a molecular mass ∼ 106–107 M⊙, which tally with the recent ALMA observations of NGC 253. We also consider different combinations of disk parameters and predict velocities of molecule bearing shells in the range of ∼ 30–100 km s−1 with length scales of ≥ 100 pc, in rough agreement with the observations of molecules in NGC 3628 and M82 (Roy et. al., 2016, submitted to MNRAS).

HD 141569 A is a pre-main sequence B9.5 Ve star surrounded by a prominent and complex circumstellar disk, likely still in a transition stage from protoplanetary to debris disk phase. Here, we present a new image of the third inner disk component of HD 141569 A made in the L' band (3.8 mu m) during the commissioning of the vector vortex coronagraph that has recently been installed in the near-infrared imager and spectrograph NIRC2 behind the W.M. Keck Observatory Keck II adaptive optics system. We used reference point-spread function subtraction, which reveals the innermost disk component from the inner working distance of similar or equal to 23 au and up to similar or equal to 70 au. The spatial scale of our detection roughly corresponds to the optical and near-infrared scattered light, thermal Q, N, and 8.6 mu m PAH emission reported earlier. We also see an outward progression in dust location from the L' band to the H band (Very Large Telescope/SPHERE image) to the visible (Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/STIS image), which is likely indicative of dust blowout. The warm disk component is nested deep inside the two outer belts imaged by HST-NICMOS in 1999 (at 406 and 245 au, respectively). We fit our new L'-band image and spectral energy distribution of HD 141569 A with the radiative transfer code MCFOST. Our best-fit models favor pure olivine grains and are consistent with the composition of the outer belts. While our image shows a putative very faint point-like clump or source embedded in the inner disk, we did not detect any true companion within the gap between the inner disk and the first outer ring, at a sensitivity of a few Jupiter masses.

Context. Accretion outbursts are key elements in star formation. ASASSN-13db is a M5-type star with a protoplanetary disk, the lowest-mass star known to experience accretion outbursts. Since its discovery in 2013, it has experienced two outbursts, the second of which started in November 2014 and lasted until February 2017. Aims. We explore the photometric and spectroscopic behavior of ASASSN-13db during the 2014-2017 outburst. Methods. We use high- and low-resolution spectroscopy and time-resolved photometry from the ASAS-SN survey, the LCOGT and the Beacon Observatory to study the light curve of ASASSN-13db and the dynamical and physical properties of the accretion flow. Results. The 2014-2017 outburst lasted for nearly 800 days. A 4.15 d period in the light curve likely corresponds to rotational modulation of a star with hot spot(s). The spectra show multiple emission lines with variable inverse P-Cygni profiles and a highly variable blue-shifted absorption below the continuum. Line ratios from metallic emission lines (Fe I/Fe II, Ti I/Ti II) suggest temperatures of similar to 5800-6000 K in the accretion flow. Conclusions. Photometrically and spectroscopically, the 2014-2017 event displays an intermediate behavior between EXors and FUors. The accretion rate (<(M)over dot> = 1-3 x 10(-7) M-circle dot/yr), about two orders of magnitude higher than the accretion rate in quiescence, is not significantly different from the accretion rate observed in 2013. The absorption features in the spectra suggest that the system is viewed at a high angle and drives a powerful, non-axisymmetric wind, maybe related to magnetic reconnection. The properties of ASASSN-13db suggest that temperatures lower than those for solar-type stars are needed for modeling accretion in very-low-mass systems. Finally, the rotational modulation during the outburst reveals that accretion-related structures settle after the beginning of the outburst and can be relatively stable and long-lived. Our work also demonstrates the power of time-resolved photometry and spectroscopy to explore the properties of variable and outbursting stars.

Orientador: Alberto Vazquez Saa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_VanessaPachecode_M.pdf: 1200814 bytes, checksum: 8b3bfadc5901d2f7c992d013c3957d07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Podemos utilizar o conhecido m'etodo &quot;Deslocar, cortar e refletir¿ para construir soluc¿oes exatas das Equac¿oes de Einstein correspondentes 'a espacos-tempo com distribuic¿oes discoidais de materia. Esse metodo consiste na introduc¿ao de uma descontinuidade na primeira derivada do tensor metrico. O resultado é uma soluc¿ao com uma singularidade do tipo delta de Dirac na hipersuperficie z = 0. Nosso estudo se restringiu a discos finos estaticos utilizando as soluc¿oes de Schwarzschild e Gutsunaev-Manko, sendo esta a representac¿ao de um objeto massivo com configurac¿ao de campo magnetico com simetria dipolar. Incluiu-se tambem o estudo da estabilidade da orbita de particulas-teste no disco, generalizando os criterios de estabilidade de Rayleigh e uma segunda analise para testar a estabilidade do disco atraves de uma perturbac¿ao no tensor energia-momento. / Abstract: We can use the well-known &quot;Displace, cut and reflect¿ method to construct exact solutions of Einstein Equations that correspond to space-times with disklike distribution of matter. This method consists on the introduction of a discontinuity in the first-order derivative of the metric tensor. The result is a solution with a singularity of the Dirac delta type in the hypersurface Z = 0. Our study was restricted to static thin disks using Schwarzschild and Gutsunaev-Manko solutions, being the last the representation of a massive object with magnetic field configuration with dipolar symmetry. We include also the stability study of test-particles orbits at the disk, generalizing the Rayleigh criteria of stability and a second analysis to test the stability of the disk through a perturbation in the energy-momentum tensor / Mestrado / Física / Mestra em Física

Orientadores: Alberto Vazquez Saa, Orlando Luis Goulart Peres / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_ClaitonPimentelde_D.pdf: 6246469 bytes, checksum: 74e9bd5e915848a1681572fd38bcf297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Matéria, ao se acumular ao redor de um objeto compacto (e.g., um buraco negro), se configura naturalmente na forma de um disco grosso (toro) em rotação. A matéria do disco pode ser considerada como um fluido, e suas estruturas de equilíbrio hidrodinâmico podem ser obtidas a partir das equações básicas da hidrodinâmica. Nesse trabalho apresento uma extensa revisão da teoria básica de discos grossos de acreção, no âmbito das teorias clássica e relativística, incluindo uma análise da chamada órbita circular marginalmente estável. Formulo o problema incluindo a autointeração gravitacional do toro, caso em que o problema das estruturas de equilíbrio se torna um problema de fronteira livre, o que dificulta a obtenção das soluções. Reviso os métodos e técnicas numéricas já utilizadas ao se atacar esse problema e desenvolvo um código numérico próprio, chamado BLATOS, que gera soluções autogravitantes de toros ao redor de buracos negros. Desenvolvo ainda uma metodologia para se aplicar o método nodal dos elementos espectrais a domínios não limitados. O desenvolvimento desse novo tipo de elemento, os chamados elementos infinitos, gera uma extensão natural a elementos não limitados com bordas curvas assintóticas. Aplico as soluções numéricas obtidas no estudo da instabilidade runaway, mostrando como a identificação da situação de instabilidade pode ser feita a partir dessas soluções. A partir do código numérico é possível alterar o perfil de rotação e a razão das massas toro/buraco negro, de forma a se realizar um estudo do espaço de soluções / Abstract: Matter, accumulating around a compact object (e.g., a black hole), appears naturally in the form of a thick disk (torus) in rotation. The material of the disk can be considered as a fluid, and its hydrodynamic equilibrium structures can be obtained from the basic equations of hydrodynamics. In this work I present an extensive review of the basic theory of thick accretion disks, in the framework of the classical and relativistic theories, including an analysis of the so called marginally stable circular orbit. I formulate the problem including the torus self gravitational interaction, in which case the equilibrium structures problem becomes a free boundary problem, making it difficult getting the solutions. I revise the methods and numerical techniques used to attack this problem and I develop a numeric code, named BLATOS, that generates autogravitating tori solutions around black holes. Further, I develop a methodology for applying the nodal spectral element method to unbounded domains. The development of this new type of element, the so called infinite element, generates a natural extension to unbounded elements with asymptotic curved edges. I apply the resulting numerical solutions in the study of runaway instability, showing how the identification of the instability can be done from these solutions. The rotation law and the torus/black hole mass ratio can be changed from the numerical code in order to conduct a study of the solution space / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Orientadores: Alberto Vazquez Saa, Marcus Aloizio Martinez de Aguiar / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_RonaldoSavioliSume_D.pdf: 9121576 bytes, checksum: eab8bcedfd86d048afd51f4b65fe9501 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Neste trabalho analisamos aspectos dinâmicos de sistemas astrofísicos que possuem uma componente discoidal proeminente. Estudamos o movimento de partículas de teste (estrelas) que cruzam discos galácticos bidimensionais e axialmente simétricos, obtendo uma fórmula para o envelope das órbitas que depende somente da densidade superficial $\Sigma$ do disco. Essa fórmula nos dá uma terceira integral de movimento aproximada para o sistema. Também analisamos a estabilidade das órbitas circulares equatoriais nesses discos, chegando à condição de estabilidade vertical $\Sigma>0$. Esse formalismo é estendido para discos tridimensionais, assim como para a relatividade geral (em que obtivemos que a \textit{condição de energia forte} é suficiente para a estabilidade vertical das órbitas circulares em discos infinitesimais, no caso estático e axialmente simétrico). Trabalhamos também com a aproximação pós-newtoniana (1PN), obtendo o formalismo hamiltoniano para uma distribuição arbitrária de matéria, assim como as correções 1PN nas frequências epicíclicas radial e vertical para configurações estacionárias e axialmente simétricas e a terceira integral de movimento aproximada para discos infinitesimais (estacionários). Outro resultado obtido foi a dependência das frequências epicíclicas com a curvatura riemanniana do espaço-tempo para distribuições suaves de matéria-energia, no caso estático e axialmente simétrico em relatividade geral. A segunda parte desta tese corresponde aos resultados para discos de acreção. Analisamos o movimento de partículas de teste na métrica de Kehagias & Sfetsos (solução esfericamente simétrica da gravitação de Horava no caso em que o espaço-tempo é assintoticamente plano), na região de parâmetros em que a singularidade central é nua. Por fim, estudamos a espessura dos discos de acreção super-Eddington obtida por simulações globais recentes de radiation magnetohydrodynamics em relatividade geral. O resultado foi comparado com modelos de discos slim para taxas de acreção similares, levando à conclusão de que o estado final (estacionário) dos fluxos de acreção gerados por essas simulações é um disco slim, e não um disco espesso, como seria esperado pelas características das configurações iniciais do tipo Polish Doughnuts usualmente adotadas / Abstract: In this work, we analyze dynamical aspects of astrophysical systems containing a prominent discoidal component. We study the motion of test particles (stars) which cross bidimensional, axially symmetric galactic disks, obtaining a formula for the orbits' envelope which depends solely on the disk's surface density. This formula gives us an approximate third integral of motion for the system. We also analyze the stability of equatorial circular orbits in these disks, arriving at the vertical stability condition $\Sigma>0$. This formalism is extended to three-dimensional disks, as well as to general relativity (in which we obtained that the \textit{strong energy condition} is sufficient for vertical stability of circular orbits in infinitesimal disks, in the static and axially symmetric case). We also worked with the post-Newtonian approximation (1PN), obtaining the Hamiltonian formalism for an arbitrary matter distribution, as well as the 1PN corrections to the radial and vertical epicyclic frequencies for stationary and axially symmetric configurations, and the approximated third integral of motion for (stationary) infinitesimal disks. Another result obtained was the dependence of the epicyclic frequencies on the Riemannian spacetime curvature for smooth matter-energy distributions, in the static and axially symmetric case. The second part of this thesis corresponds to the results concerning accretion disks. We analyzed the motion of test particles in the Kehagias & Sfetsos metric (spherically symmetric solution to Horava's gravity in the case in which the spacetime is asymptotically flat), in the parameter region in which the singularity is naked. Finally, we studied the thickness of super-Eddington accretion disks, obtained via recent global radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations in general relativity. The result was compared with slim-disk models for similar accretion rates, leading to the conclusion that the final (stationary) state of accretion flows generated by these simulations is a slim disk, and not a thick disk, as it would be expected by the characteristics of the usually adopted Polish Doughnuts initial configurations / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Neste trabalho estudamos a dinâmica de discos torcidos finos e espessos para compreender melhor a propagação da deformação nestes discos. No caso dos discos finos, estudamos a física do efeito Bardeen-Petterson e aplicamos este modelo para explicar o jato em escalas de parsec e kilo-parsec da galáxia NGC 1275. Encotramos que o efeito Bardeen-Petterson reproduziu muito bem a forma do jato e com isto derivamos os parâmetros do disco como raio, valores das viscosidades azimutal e vertical, lei de potência da densidade superficial e spin do buraco negro. Para uma melhor compreensão da física destes discos, realizamos simulações GRMHD de discos moderadamente finos tanto planos como inclinados para estudar a evolução do ângulo de inclinação entre os momentos angular do buraco negro e do disco de acresção assim como o ângulo de torção que está associado com a precessão do disco. Encontramos que quando o disco de acresção e o buraco negro rotacionam no mesmo sentido, o ângulo de inclinação entre os momentos angular apresentou um comportamento oscilatório na parte interna do disco e permaneceu constante na parte externa em acordo com as previsões teóricas. Já quando o buraco negro rotacina no sentido oposto ao disco de acresção, encontramos pela primeira vez numa simulação GRMHD evidências de alinhamento, ocorrendo um alinhamento de 10\\% do angulo entre os momentos angulares do disco e buraco negro. Além disso, comprovamos pela primeira vez numa simulação GRMHD a não isotropia do stress. Utilizando um modelo semi-analítico, comparamos os resultados de nossas simulações com este modelo, utilizando os dados da simulações de disco plano como entrada e obitivemos os mesmos comportamentos das simulações tanto no caso prógrado quanto no caso retrógrado mostrando que o alinhamento é devido ao regime onda. / In this work we studied the dynamics of twisted thin and thick disks to better understand how the warp propagates in these discs. In the case of thin discs, we studied the physics of the Bardeen-Petterson effect and we applied this model to explain the shape of the jet in both parsec and kilo-parsec scales of the galaxy NGC 1275. We found that the Bardeen-Petterson effect could explain very well the shape of the jet and with that we derived the disc parameters such as its radius, the values of the kinematic azimutal and vertical viscosities, the power-law of the surface density and the spin of the black hole. To better understand the physics of such discs, we have performed GRMHD simulations of moderatelly thin tilted disks to study the evolution of the tilt angle between the angular momentum of the accretion disk and black hole and also the twist angle which is associated with the precession of the disc. We found that when the accretion disc and the black hole are rotating in the same direction, the tilt angle showed an oscillatory behavior in the inner parts of the disk while in the outer parts it remained constant in agreement with the theorical modelos. However, when both rotate in the opposite direction, we found for the very first time in a GRMHD simulation, evidences of alignment of 10\\% of the tilt angle. Besides that, we prove for the first time in a GRMHD simulation that the stress is far from being isotropic. Using a semi-analitic model, we compared the results of our simulations with this model, using the datas of the untilted simulations as inputs and we found the same behaviors found in the simulations even in prograde case as in the retrograde case showing that the alignment is due to bending waves.

[pt] Nessa dissertação estudamos coberturas por dominós de regiões tridimensionais. Em particular, consideramos o problema de conectividade por flips de cilindros, ou seja, regiões da forma D ×[0,N]. Um flip é um movimento local: dois dominós adjacentes são removidos e recolocados em outra posição. Em duas dimensões, duas coberturas de uma mesma região contrátil podem ser conectadas por flips. Em dimensão 3, o problema é mais sutil. Apresentamos o twist, um invariante por flips que associa uma cobertura a um número inteiro. Para muitas regiões 3D, existem exemplos de coberturas com o mesmo twist que não podem ser ligadas por uma sequência de flips. Artigos recentes mostram que para muitos discos D, chamados regulares, duas coberturas do cilindro D × [0,N] com o mesmo twist podem ser ligadas por flips uma vez que adicionamos espaço vertical ao cilindro. Esses resultados são apresentados e discutidos. Nós então demonstramos a regularidade ou irregularidade de vários discos. Verificamos que um gargalo muitas vezes implica na irregularidade. / [en] In this dissertation we study domino tilings of three-dimensional regions. In particular, we consider the flip connectivity problem for cylinders, i.e, regions of the form D×[0,N]. A flip is a local move: two adjacent dominoes are removed and placed back in a different position. In two dimensions, two domino tilings of the same contractible region are connected by flips. In dimension 3, the problem is subtler. We present the twist, a flip invariant that associatean integer number with a tiling. For many 3D regions, there exist examples of tilings with the same twist which can not be joined by a sequence of flips. Recent papers prove that for certain disks D, called regular, two tilings of the cylinder D × [0,N] with the same twist can be joined by a sequence of flips once we add vertical space to the cylinder. These results are presented and discussed. We then prove regularity or irregularity for new families of quadriculated disks. It turns out that a bottleneck often implies irregularity.

No description available.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la thématique de l'étude de la formation et de l'évolution des systèmes planétaire grâce à la méthode de l'imagerie à haut contraste, aussi appelée imagerie directe, par comparaison aux méthodes de détection dites "indirectes". Le travail que je présente dans ce manuscrit s'articule en deux parties bien distinctes. La première partie concerne la composante observationnel de ma thèse, à l'aide de l'instrument SPHERE installé au Very Large Telescope, au sein du consortium du même nom. L'instrument SPHERE a pour objectif la détection et la caractérisation de jeunes et massives exoplanètes mais également de disques circumstellaires allant des très jeune disques protoplanétaires aux disques de débris, plus âgés. Ainsi, je présente dans ce manuscrit ma contribution au programme SHINE, un grand relevé de 200 nuits dont le but est la détection de nouvelles exoplanètes ainsi que la caractérisation spectrale et orbitale des quelques compagnons déjà connus. J'y présente également les deux études de disques circumstellaires que j'ai réalisées, autour des étoiles HD 141569 et HIP 86598. La première étude ayant permis la découverte d'anneaux concentriques à quelques dizaine d'UA de l'étoile ainsi que de asymétrie dans le flux du disque inhabituelle. La seconde étude porte sur la découverte d'un disque de débris présentant également une asymétrie en flux inhabituelle. La deuxième partie concerne la composante instrumentale de mon travail de thèse, au sein du consortium MICADO, en charge de la conception de la caméra du même nom qui sera l'un des instruments de première lumière de l'Extremely Large Telescope Européen (ELT). Dans ce manuscrit, je présente l'étude que j'ai menée afin de définir le design de certain composant du mode coronographique de MICADO tout en tenant compte des contraintes de l'instrument qui n'est pas dédié à l'imagerie haut contraste, contrairement à SPHERE. / This thesis is performed in the context of the study of the formation and evolution of planetary systems using high contrast imaging, also known as direct imaging in contrast to so-called "indirect" detection methods. The work I present in this manuscript is divided into two distinct parts.The first part concerns the observational component of my thesis, using the SPHERE instrument installed at Very LargeTelescope. This work was done as part of the consortium of the same name. The purpose of the SPHERE instrument is to detect and characterize young and massive exoplanets, but also circumstellar disks ranging from very young protoplanetary disks to older debris disks. In this manuscript, I present my contribution to the program SHINE, a large survey with an integration time of 200 nights' worth of observation, the goal of which is the detection of new exoplanets and the spectral and orbital characterization of some previously-known companions. I also present the two studies of circumstellar disks that I made, around the stars HD 141569 and HIP 86598. The first study allowed the discovery of concentric rings at about ten AU of the star along with an unusual flux asymmetry in the disk. The second study is about the discovery of a debris disk that also has an unusual flux asymmetry. The second part concerns the instrumental component of my thesis work done within the MICADO consortium, in charge of the design of the camera of the same name which will be one of the first light instruments of the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). In this manuscript, I present the study in which I define the design of some components of the coronagraphic mode of MICADO while taking into account the constraints of the instrument - which is not dedicated to high contrast imaging, unlike SPHERE.