52 7.2 Souhrn v anglickém jazyce Malignant melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer whose incidence has been worldwide increasing. The prognosis of the disease is dependent on many factors - the effected locality, age, form of the tumor and the growth stage at which it was surgically removed. There has been no reliable adjuvant treatment available so far; although cytokins have been recently administered to high-risk patients. The accent is therefore put mainly on the timely detection and the relevant extent of surgical intervention whose degree depends on the stage of the disease. The result of the above mentioned facts is the necessity of an early diagnosis of new cases and permanent follow-up of the patients in whom melanoma has been already confirmed. The patients in the follow-up care are regularly checked, for the rest of their lives, at by the so called melanoma commissions, usually at dermatological clinics. The permanent contact with fact of the possible presence of the disease (information about the diagnosis, repeated follow-ups, waiting for the results of the examination) is stressful for these patients, although they become, to a certain extent, gradually adapted to stress. A good adaptation is however dependent also on the extent of social support, depression, the severity of the disease and...

Introduction: Breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women and its incidence is slowly increasing. A marked reduction of mortality has been achieved in the last 10 years thanks to modern diagnostic methods, mammary screening, and comprehensive and targeted cancer therapy. Modern diagnostic capabilities not only allow early diagnosis of a primary tumor lesion and precise determination of its biological nature before commencing treatment, but they also enable early diagnosis of local and regional recidives, including diagnosis of metastases in distant organs. In addition to clinical examination, conventional and complementary imaging examinations and tumor markers our objective was to determine the importance and use of growth factors in relation to the overall prognosis. The growth factors physiologically act already during the ontogenetic period when they control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic processes. It is known that they take part in the tumor growth processes which are characterized by autonomous behavior, increased proliferative activity, distinct differentiation activity and reduced apoptosis. Growth factors work as autoregulation factors in the neoplastic process as well as through their paracrine effects mediated by more or less specific receptors....