Legal Proceeding of Establishing and Disputing Parentage The topic of this thesis is the legal proceedings of establishing or disputing parentage. The aim of the thesis is to provide complex description and analysis of current framework of the proceedings for establishing or disputing parentage in relation to the substantive measures, point out problematic areas and weak spots of the legislation and provide possible solutions de lege ferenda. The text is divided into eight chapters. First chapter deals with the term "parentage" from various perspectives - biological, social, legal and the link between them, mainly with the case law of the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights in mind. Second chapter provides the historical evolution of the legal framework for establishing and disputing parentage, going all the way back to the ancient Rome, Austrian Civil Code, the Family Law Code and the Family Code, to the present, where the civil law underwent re-codification and the whole area of family law has been included within the new Civil Code. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of the substantive measures regarding the establishing and disputing of parentage as described in the Civil Code, because the substantive measures and procedural measures are closely...

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Defining environmental justice in the context of investment arbitration is a challenge. This question arises primarily in circumstances in which foreign investment has an actual or potential impact on the host state population's health, environment, or socio-cultural values. Under normal circumstances, the right of access to justice should be guaranteed by the law and the justice system of the host state. However, the right of access to justice declines when the controversy is taken to investment arbitration.  While the problem of environmental protection has been addressed in ISDS from the State perspective and its power to regulate, the rights of non-disputing parties and their legitimacy have been relegated. Awards in investment arbitration qualify as environmental decisions. Therefore, more than the traditional approach to Amicus participation in dispute resolution proceedings is needed under the perspective of procedural environmental rights recognised under several international environmental law instruments. This includes the scope of access to the information generated within the arbitration procedure, which should be available proactively and the possibility of remedies when there is a breach of environmental obligations of the investor who brings up its claim in the Investor-State Dispute Settlement system. To address this issue, developing a new model that considers environmental justice as part of investment arbitration is needed to achieve greater consistency and procedural certainty while safeguarding access to environmental justice.

Text in Afrikaans / Students who study part time find themselves in a situation, with much pressure, which causes stress. The reason for this study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Therapy as a coping technique for students in order to handle stress. A qualitative analysis was conducted and data was gathered primarily through group therapy and interviewing. The results of the research led to the conclusion that Rational Emotive Therapy could be effectively applied by students as a stresscoping mechanism / Educational Studies / M.Ed.

Text in Afrikaans / Students who study part time find themselves in a situation, with much pressure, which causes stress. The reason for this study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Therapy as a coping technique for students in order to handle stress. A qualitative analysis was conducted and data was gathered primarily through group therapy and interviewing. The results of the research led to the conclusion that Rational Emotive Therapy could be effectively applied by students as a stresscoping mechanism / Educational Studies / M.Ed.