Utilizing an interdisciplinary, multi-level perspective analysis this thesis reviews niche- regime-landscape interactions (analogous to the clusters of actors working at the local level of Gotland representing niche; the regime being national governance goals; and the landscape incorporating global level affairs and institutions such as the European Union (EU)) and their (mis)alignments within the biogas/biofertilizer production system of Gotland, Sweden, a small-island case study for energy-food-transportation transition and sustainable destination development. The study analyzes the heterarchical and polycentric development of biogas on Gotland—a socio-technical niche, nested within a larger energy regime and global landscape for transition—developing an understanding of (mis)alignments of pressures interacting on, at, and between the niche-regime- landscape as they combine with the peculiar competencies, as Loorbach describes, “creative minds, strategists, and visionaries” of a cluster of actors working in the food- energy-transport nexus on the island (2010, p. 6). These peculiar competencies, defined in section two, incorporate, and explore trust, storytelling, crisis, agency, cognitive features, influence, orchestration, social learning, perception, emotion, and expectation dynamics, operating within a strategic niche management context meeting goals for the region, as well as national and international goals set by actors such as the EU and Swedish national government. This is further problematized by landscape-level pressures due to crisis. The purpose is to investigate how clusters of actors with different competencies— connected to the socio-technical niche-level of biogas and biofertilizer production on Gotland—are initiating and accelerating real-world, incremental transition for a region, aligned with niche-, regime- and landscape-level pressures. This research will answer what peculiar competencies are required of key cluster actors within the socio-technical niche of biogas production on Gotland, needed to activate a waste management system, aligned with niche-, regime-, and landscape-level pressures. The study identifies a cluster of actors working in the domains of food, energy, and waste recovery on the island. Through semi-structured interviews and informal participant observation the research describes the political economy of socio-technical governance at the local level of Gotland; the soft features of this domain and their socio-cultural foundations; and expressions of necropolitical power, repurposing the hard features of the niche-regime-landscape to accelerate transition. By identifying the frontrunners for energy transition; their peculiar competencies in this small-island context; and what alignments they foster between the niche, regime and the landscape, the work aims to offer innovative and replicable paths to accelerate transition in small-island contexts. By offering a descriptive overview—and prescriptive recommendations for transition in a variety of regional contexts—the research can provide possible recommendations to increase collaborative initiators, coherence, orchestration, and trust, replicable across regions in Sweden, while transitioning transition research.

Le métabolisme énergétique est le principal facteur déterminant de la viabilité cellulaire. Les maladies présentent de nombreuses anomalies métaboliques et énergétiques. En effet, les cellules altérées proviennent de procédés exergoniques et émettent de la chaleur vers leur environnement proche. De nombreux processus irréversibles peuvent se produire en modifiant le taux de production d'entropie. Ce niveau représente une quantité thermodynamique qui mesure ces processus irréversibles. Le niveau d'entropie est augmenté par plusieurs anomalies métaboliques et thermodynamiques dans les tumeurs cérébrales, les processus inflammatoires et les maladies neurodégénératives. Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse ont démontré et mis en évidence l'existence d'une diaphonie entre la voie canonique WNT/beta-caténine et le PPAR gamma qui joue un rôle majeur dans la reprogrammation du métabolisme de l'énergie cellulaire entre la phosphorylation oxydative, la glycolyse aérobie et la glycolyse anaérobie, dont le point d'équilibre de cette diaphonie entre ces voies moléculaires varie selon les maladies. Ces maladies sont des structures dissipatives, qui échangent de l'énergie ou de la matière avec leur environnement. Ce sont des systèmes ouverts, loin de l'équilibre thermodynamique qui opèrent sous un régime non linéaire évoluant vers des états non stationnaires. La thermodynamique loin de l'équilibre est une notion axée sur les rythmes circadiens. En effet, les rythmes circadiens participent directement à la régulation de cette diaphonie étudiée. Celle-ci représente une cible innovante dans le cadre l'imagerie moléculaire pour le diagnostic positif et différentiel de ces maladies. / Energy metabolism is the primary determinant of cellular viability. Diseases are the sites of numerous metabolic and energetic production abnormalities. Indeed, the altered cells are derived from exergonic processes and emit heat that flows to the surrounding environment. Many irreversible processes can occur through changing the rate of entropy production. This rate represents a thermodynamic quantity that measures these irreversible processes. Entropy rate is increased by several metabolic and thermodynamics abnormalities in brain tumors, inflammatory processes and neurodegenerative diseases. The research works of this thesis have demonstrated and highlighted the existence of a crosstalk between canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma which plays a major role in the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism between oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic glycolysis and anaerobic glycolysis, of which the equilibrium point of crosstalk between these molecular pathways varies according to tumor, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases are dissipative structures, that exchange energy or matter with their environment. They are open systems, far-from the thermodynamic equilibrium that operate under non-linear regime evolving to non-stationary states. Far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics are notions driven by circadian rhythms. Indeed, circadian rhythms directly participate in regulating the crosstalk of the studied molecular pathways. This crosstalk represents an innovative therapeutic target, and molecular data usable for molecular imaging in both positive and differential diagnosis of these diseases.