The objective of the diploma thesis is to study the systems of health care and hygienic prevention in České Budějovice from the second half of the 19th century to the end of the Second World War on the basis of an analysis of still existing archival materials concerning health care issues. The thesis also includes an inventory of selected archival documents, a diagram related to health care administration on the national level and pictorial materials. The diploma thesis is divided to two extensive sections, the first of which deals with the organisation of the health care system on the national level, summarizing the knowledge obtained from literature from the reforms introduced by Maria Theresia and Joseph the Second till the communist putsch in 1948. The content of these chapters covers legislation of the public health care system, the history of the Faculty of Medicine in Prague, and development of social care in the studied period. The other section already focuses on the city of České Budějovice and the organisation of the health care system managed by local authorities. Individual subchapters deal with public bodies participating in organisation of the medical care in the city and continuous improvement of the state of health of local population. This includes activities of the municipal committee and the health council and health commission attached to the municipal committee, obligations of doctors and other medical staff appointed by the municipal authority, and also the history of the hospital in České Budějovice and other medical and health and social institutions. The antiepidemic work of the aforementioned bodies and the process of improvement of the city for the benefit of health of population in České Budějovice are also reconstructed in the thesis on the basis of still existing sources. The last subchapter deals with funeral administration with emphasis put on newly developing cremation which was very difficult to promote at the beginning of the 20th century. For illustration purposes, the annex section presents three diagrams of development of the state health care system as it was changing in the course of time, furthermore, a thematic inventory of the documented archival materials and selected photographs of the time for illustration.