An opening part of the thesis explains the role of responsibility accounting within overall management control system of a company. Individual chapters are focused on the key specific aspects of businesses with a divisionalized organizational structure. A description of principal characteristics related to this type of an organizational structure is followed by a detailed explanation of various types of responsibility centers. A subsequent chapter deals with bookkeeping aspects of responsibility accounting as well as with transfer prices. A theoretical part is concluded after a comprehensive analysis of a characteristic features related to responsibility centers' financial management on different levels of a corporate's hierarchy. An application part of the thesis is based on an assessment of responsibility accounting environment within a chosen responsibility center inside a real divisionalized corporation.