<p>Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ustanovi da li dolazi do elektrohemijskog taloženja&nbsp; niobijuma i aluminijuma iz hloroaluminatnih rastopa obogaćenih niobijumom na podlogama od staklastog&nbsp; ugljenika, platine i zlata. Nadalje, ako dolazi do rečenog&nbsp; taloženja, da li pri tome dolazi i do formiranja legura niobijuma sa izabranim podlogama kao i da li dolazi do formiranja legura niobijuma sa zajednički taloženim aluminijumom. I na kraju,&nbsp; cilj je&nbsp; bio da se navedeni fenomeni ostvare na &scaron;to nižim temperaturama.</p><p>Nb&nbsp; i&nbsp; Al&nbsp; su elektrohemijski taloženi na staklastom ugljeniku, platini i zlatu pri 200&nbsp; &deg;C, pod atmosferom argona, iz rastopa napravljenog od ekvimolarne sme&scaron;e AlCl₃ + NaCl kome&nbsp; je dodat niobijum.</p><p>U istraživanjima su kori&scaron;ćene: linearna&nbsp; i&nbsp; ciklička voltametrija, metoda potenciodinamičke polarizacione krive, metoda &bdquo;otvorenog kola&ldquo;,&nbsp; hronoamperometrija,&nbsp; SEM,&nbsp; EDS, AFM&nbsp; i XRD analiza.</p><p>Elektrohemijsko taloženje Nb i Al iz primenjenih rastopa pri potpotencijalima uočeno je na podlozi od zlata. Taloženje niobijuma pri potpotencijalima na zlatu je novost, a taloženje Al na zlatu pri&nbsp; potpotencijalima poznato je od ranije. Elektrotaloženje&nbsp; Al&nbsp; i&nbsp; Nb&nbsp; iz primenjenih rastopa pri potpotencijalu na zlatu prethodi procesima elektrotaloženja niobijuma i aluminijuma pri natpotencijalima.&nbsp; Rezultat ovih procesa su Nb/Au i Al/Au legure nastale zajedničkim taloženjem i interdifuzijom istaloženog Nb, odnosno&nbsp; Al i podloge&nbsp; -&nbsp; zlata (AlAu,&nbsp; AlAu₂ , AlAu₄, AlNb₂ , AlNb₃ , Au₂Nb, Au₂Nb₃ , AuNb₃ , AlNb₃).</p><p>Elektrohemijsko taloženje Nb iz primenjenih rastopa pri potpotencijalima uočeno je na platini i prethodi procesima elektrotaloženja&nbsp; Nb&nbsp; i&nbsp; Al. Rezultat su formirane Nb/Pt legure nastale interdifuzijom&nbsp; istaloženog Nb i podloge&nbsp; -&nbsp; platine (Nb₃Pt). Pri natpotencijalima aluminijuma na&nbsp; platini dolazi do taloženja metalnog niobijuma, metalnog aluminijuma i zajedničkog taloženja Nb i Al. Kao posledica&nbsp; ovih procesa dolazi i do formiranja legura (AlNb₃, Al₃Pt₅ ,&nbsp; Nb₃Pt).</p><p>Elektrohemijsko taloženje niobijuma iz primenjenih rastopa na izabranim podlogama odigrava se na potencijalima koji su pozitivniji od potencijala&nbsp; elektrotaloženja aluminijuma.</p><p>Sve dobijene legure formirane su pri temperaturi od 200 &deg;C &scaron;to je nekoliko stotina stepeni niže od odgovarajućih temperatura potrebnih da se formiraju termičkim putem.&nbsp;</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to establish electrodeposition of niobium and aluminium from chloroaluminate melt (AlCl₃ + NaCl) enriched with niobium onto gold, platinum and glassy carbon substrates. Furthermore, if such deposition is shown to occur,&nbsp; to&nbsp; assess if it can lead to formation ofniobium alloys with chosen substrates or&nbsp; formation of Nb/Al alloys as a result of codeposition. And finally, if the deposition is indeed confirmed,&nbsp; to&nbsp; establish the lowest operational temperature at which it is possible.</p><p>Niobium and aluminium were electrodeposited onto glassy carbon, gold and platinum at&nbsp; 200 &deg;C, under an argon atmophere&nbsp; from the melt made of&nbsp; equimolar mixture AlCl₃ + NaCl with niobium being added.</p><p>Research methods used were:&nbsp; cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization curves, &quot;open circuit&rdquo;, chronoamperometry,&nbsp; SEM,&nbsp; EDS, AFM and&nbsp; XRD&nbsp; analysis. Underpotential deposition of&nbsp; Nb&nbsp; and Al&nbsp; from the melt onto gold substrate was observed. Of the two, niobium deposition is a novelty, while alumininum deposition has been previously studied.&nbsp; Underpotential deposition of&nbsp; NB and Al onto gold from given melt precedes the overpotential deposition of aluminium and niobium onto gold. The result of these processes are Nb/Au and Al/Au alloys formed by codeposition of the two metals&nbsp; and&nbsp; interdiffusion between the Nb and Al deposits and the substrate -gold (AlAu, AlAu₂, AlAu₄, AlNb₂, AlNb₃,&nbsp; Au₂Nb, Au₂Nb₃, AuNb₃, AlNb₃). Underpotential deposition of niobium onto platinum from used melts was recorded and it precedes the&nbsp; processes of overpotential deposition of niobium and aluminium. The result is formation of Nb/Pt alloys as a consequence of&nbsp; interdiffusion between the substrate and the deposited Nb (Nb₃Pt). The potentials more negative than the aluminium deposition potential in the used system lead to deposition of niobium and aluminium&nbsp; individually and jointly. Thus, a number of alloys are formed (AlNb₃, Al₃Pt₅, Nb₃Pt).&nbsp; Niobium electrodeposition onto chosen substrates from the melt applied takes place at potentials which are more positive than the potential of electrodeposition of aluminium. Formation of&nbsp; the&nbsp; obtained alloys occurred at a temperature of 200 &deg;C which is several hundred degrees lower than the temperatures needed for their formation by thermal methods.</p>

<p>Istraživanje u okviru doktorske disertacije obuhvata analizu mogućnosti<br />primene reciklaže otpadnog ambalažnog stakla radi dobijanja novog<br />proizvoda. Sa ciljem iznalaženja potencijalnog rešenja za postojeći problem<br />u oblasti upravljanja otpadnom staklenom ambalažom u Srbiji i načina za<br />poboljšanje održivosti u oblasti industrijske proizvodnje, testirana je<br />upotreba drobljenog otpadnog stakla u formi praha, kao sekundarne sirovine<br />u proizvodnji blokova od gline u ciglani. U skladu sa dobijenim<br />eksperimentalnim rezultatima i zaključkom da je 30% optimalna masena<br />količina staklenog praha koja može da se meša sa glinom kod praktične<br />proizvodnje blokova dobrog kvaliteta, razvijen je model, baziran na podacima<br />koji se odnose na konkretan primer. Rezultati modela u okviru analize<br />uticaja procesa proizvodnje blokova sa staklenim reciklatom na životnu<br />sredinu, kao i rezultati analize uticaja na cenu proizvodnje blokova<br />upotrebom staklenog reciklata, predstavljaju značajan doprinos kompletnom<br />sprovedenom istraživanju i usmeravaju na dalji tok istraživanja u oblasti<br />upotrebe otpada kao resursa u industrijskoj proizvodnji.</p> / <p>The research within doctoral dissertation includes a possibility analysis of applying<br />waste glass containers recycling in the production of new product. In order to find a<br />potential solution for the existing problem in the waste glass container management<br />in Serbia and to find a way to improve sustainability in the field of industrial<br />production, the use of waste glass cullet in powder form as a secondary raw material<br />in the clay block production was tested. In accordance with the obtained<br />experimental results and the conclusion that 30 wt. % is the optimal glass cullet<br />amount which can be mixed with clay in the practical production of good quality<br />blocks, a model, based on data related to the concrete example, has been developed.<br />The results of environmental impact assessment of clay/glass blocks production and<br />its costs, represent a significant contribution for complete research and focus on a<br />further research course in the field of waste utilization as a resource in industrial<br />production.</p>