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No / With pressures on time and resources available to those undertaking research in paleopathology, poorly preserved archaeological human remains can often receive limited attention or be completely excluded from the analysis of archaeological sites. Although incomplete skeletons often yield minimal demographic information and can complicate the diagnosis of some pathological conditions, this is not universal. Significant information can be obtained even in partial remains on metabolic bone diseases (where, by definition, the whole skeleton is involved), and for conditions such as osteoarthritis and fractures which can be diagnosed in isolation. We present an example of an incomplete skeleton that provided valuable new information on pathological changes associated with osteomalacia, a condition that has been little studied to date in paleopathology. This skeleton also contributes to our understanding of the factors surrounding the classification of fractures, and provides new insight into the full range of circumstances in which eburnation can develop. This example demonstrates the value of including partial and poorly preserved skeletons in paleopathological analysis and the extent of information that can be obtained.

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Current U.S. Army Corps of Engineers water resources planning guidance directs the planners to consider all design alternatives with economic efficiency as the primary criterion. Recent criticism of the flood loss reduction planning is directed at the Corps. One criticism is that the traditional design practices of the Corps address only large flood events. The emphasis on large flood events precludes the use of nonstructural methods, whose economically feasible range is at smaller scales. However, the advantage of having nonstructural measures available to federal water resources planners is widely recognized. This study seeks to demonstrate that nonstructural means are at a disadvantage in the Corps planning process. It examines the institutional framework that directs the planning of these projects. Using data from Corps reports, the economically feasible ranges and optimal sizes are determined for selected nonstructural measures through a series of case studies. The resulting optimal sizes are compared to those recommended in the Corps reports. The optimal sizes of the nonstructural alternatives developed for this study are smaller than the recommended levels. In the current budget climate, the implementation of flood loss reduction projects may occur more frequently with the increased use of nonstructura1 measures since they require less investment. / Master of Science

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Yes / Over the past two decades, archaeology has been confronting an ethical crisis with regards to the past treatment of human remains by specialists and institutions. From the creation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act in the United States (McManamon 2000), to further calls for the repatriation of remains and artefacts to colonised communities from European countries (Fforde 2003), the archaeological community has been actively attempting to become more respectful in their approach to the handling and curation of human remains. However, there has been less consideration to the ethics of handling and curating faunal remains. This is arguably due to the inherent anthropocentrism of archaeology as a discipline, which automatically "others" animals and, in some cases, literally "objectifies" them as "artefacts" rather than the remains of a once-living creature. This can be observed in the process of handling faunal remains post-excavation, the lack of legal procedures regarding the ethicality of remains, and even the emotional reaction to remains on display (Fitzpatrick 2018). This paper utilises recent work in social zooarchaeology and post-humanist studies (Russell 2012; Overton and Hamilakis 2013) to critically examine the role of ethics in zooarchaeology, specifically from a non-anthropocentric perspective. By drawing comparisons with ethical concerns for human remains, this paper will further explore the possible reasons that cause such a different ethical approach for animal remains, as well as propose alterations to the currently accepted form of ethics in zooarchaeology.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2010. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 66). / There are a variety of challenges facing the energy industry, from decreased access to sovereign reserves, to declining fields, innovation challenges, increased regulation and new energy policies. These challenges pose a threat to the basic industry structure. Oil & gas companies espouse four common industry-wide strategies of Portfolio Management, Operational Efficiency, Financial Management and Sustainability-of which the first three are core operating strategies of oil & gas companies. The companies have derived their profitability, growth, and shareholder returns based on the superior execution of these strategies. Though talk about Sustainability is a business imperative, it is no longer a differentiating factor and is not integrated with the core strategies. The current challenges facing the energy industry, however, necessitate that the companies integrate sustainability, innovation and management of technology strategies with their core strategies of portfolio management, operational efficiency and financial management. In this thesis, we propose two distinct strategic options: Total Life Cycle Management and Management of Technology. Environmental management and organizational efficiency are an integral component of both the strategic options. Through Total Life Cycle Management, the companies address challenges of continued access to easier to develop and produce reserves and legacy fields, efficiencies, costs and hosts expectations. The key components of Total Life Cycle Management constitute Portfolio Management with enhanced relational strategies with the hosts, Operational Efficiency with continuous business process innovations, Sustainability with focus on long-term energy needs of the hosts and Financial Management with focused capital allocation to build scale and synergies in a region. Management of Technology strategies address the innovation challenges to tap the next big reserves in ultra deep water, arctic, unconventional hydrocarbons, etc. These strategies will provide differentiation on capabilities to better identify, develop, and deploy technologies. Key components of the Management of Technology strategy include R&D strategy, innovation fronts, organizational efficiency and operational performance. Companies can position themselves either as a cost- and efficiency-driven company, or as a technology-driven company-or both provided they have different organizations managing the two distinct options. The industry needs new performance metrics to reflect company performance vis a vis the variety of energy industry challenges. / by Aditya Singh. / M.B.A.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-208). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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