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Analýza vlivu drenážních systémů na jakost povrchových vod / Analysis of the impact of drainage systems for surface water qualityKAMARÝT, Jiří January 2014 (has links)
This Diploma thesis is following the previous Bachelor thesis which mainly focuses on drain systems and the analysis their influence of the quality of surface water. The literature review contains the description of surface water quality, substances causing the eutrophication, drainages and drain systems. Also the mechanisms influencing the change of quality of surface water after the the drain systems construction are included. In the chapter "Methodology", there are the statistical methods for concentration evaluation exposed, also the detiled description of setting up the crossing of empirical line for concentration substances in water and the drain separation methods with the aim to set the average phosporus and nitrogen concentration within the each drain component are covered. All of the evaluation which are followed by methodology in relation to sites of interest are described in detailed way in the chapter called "Material". The chapter "Results and discussion" focuses on overall description and evaluation of all the results.
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Modelo geolocalizado para conservação de estradas não pavimentadas / Geolecated model for the conservation of unpaved roadsMoreira, Alisson Neves Harmyans 12 April 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / Unpaved roads are important access routes to urban centers, serving to facilitate
the traffic of vehicles for socioeconomic purposes. In order to ensure the flow of goods
produced and the transport of people, it is necessary that this road network has adaptations
in order to prevent them from becoming channels and, consequently, erosion processes. In
this sense, it is necessary to elaborate planning practices for the conservation of these roads.
By means of field surveys and geomorphological databases, this study aimed to recommend
and quantify the drainage devices for the sub-basin of the Olaria stream with the aid of a
Geographic Information System (GIS), as well as to compare these with recommended
devices from the Estradas model. The drainage devices used in the study were energy drains
in the drainage channel and energy dissipaters in ditches. The recommendation of the
drainage devices through the GIS were from geomorphometric and soil matrix databases.
These data support the modeling, together with the geometric elements of the roads and the
physical-water data of the soils of the beds and adjacencies. It was used data of reliefs from
the image of the Topodata project, with accuracy and vertical precision of 5,529 m and 2,217
m, respectively. These results met the Class A Cartographic Accuracy Standard (PEC) for the
representation of altimetric data in the 1:50.000 scale. Regarding the morphometric data of
the segments, 90% of the slopes were compatible between the reference values of the GPS
Geodesic receiver and the tested values of Topodata, thus obtaining the same
recommendations for spines with water outlets. For the 50.1 km of unpaved roads in the subbasin
of the Olaria stream, the GIS showed that only 12.1% of the segments did not require
springs with water exits. It was recommended 953 water bars with outlets and 83 energy
dissipaters in ditches. It was noted that the incompatibilities in the recommendations are
related to the variables involved. Therefore, the geometric tracing and the excessive
recommendations of these drainage devices by the GIS show that criteria such as relief and
the soils were ignored in the implantation of the unpaved roads. / As estradas não pavimentadas são importantes vias de acessos aos centros
urbanos, servindo para facilitar o tráfego de veículos para fins socioeconômicos. Para
assegurar o fluxo de bens produzidos e o transporte de pessoas é necessário que essa rede
viária tenha adequações a fim de evitar que se transformem em canais e, consequentemente,
ocorram processos erosivos. Nesse sentido, é necessária a elaboração de práticas de
planejamento para a conservação dessas vias. Por meio de pesquisas de campo e bases de
dados geomorfológicas, este estudo teve como objetivo recomendar e a quantificar os
dispositivos de drenagem para a sub-bacia do córrego Olaria com o auxílio de um Sistema de
Informação Geográfica (SIG), bem como comparar estes dados com os dispositivos
recomendados a partir do modelo Estradas. Os dispositivos de drenagem utilizados no estudo
foram os dissipadores de energia em canal de drenagem e as lombadas com saídas d’água. A
recomendação dos dispositivos de drenagem por meio do SIG foram a partir de bases de
dados matriciais geomorfométricas e de solos. Estes dados subsidiaram a modelagem,
juntamente com os elementos geométricos das estradas e os dados físico-hídricos dos solos
dos leitos e adjacências. Utilizou-se dados de relevos a partir da imagem do projeto Topodata,
com acurácia e precisão vertical de 5,529 m e 2,217m, respectivamente. Esses resultados
atenderam a classe A do Padrão de Exatidão Cartográfica (PEC) para a representação de
dados altimétricos na escala de 1:50.000. No que tange aos dados morfométricos dos
segmentos, 90% das declividades foram compatíveis entre os valores de referência do
receptor GPS Geodésico e os valores testados do Topodata, obtendo assim, as mesmas
recomendações para as lombadas com saídas d’água. Para os 50,1 km de estradas não
pavimentadas na sub-bacia do córrego Olaria, o SIG evidenciou que apenas 12,1% dos
segmentos não necessitaram de lombadas com saídas d’água. Foram recomendadas 953
lombadas com saídas d’água e 83 dissipadores de energia em sarjetas. Notou-se que as
incompatibilidades nas recomendações estão relacionadas as variáveis envolvidas. Por
conseguinte, o traçado geométrico e o excesso de recomendações desses dispositivos de
drenagem pelo SIG evidenciam que critérios como o relevo e os solos foram ignorados na
implantação das estradas não pavimentadas.
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