Includes bibliographical references and index.

Ip Yee-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-89). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xiii / List of Tables --- p.xvii / Chapter / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Quality control of Chinese herbal medicine --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Rhizoma Chuanxiong --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- General description --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Chemical constituents --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Pharmacology --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Instrumental analysis --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Gas Chromatography (GC) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.4.4 --- Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives of the study --- p.11 / Chapter 2. --- "Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Reference Compounds" --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- General experiment procedures --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Solvents for chromatographic separation --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chromatographic methods --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Adsorption column chromatography --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Thin layer chromatography --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Preparative layer chromatography --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Determination of physical data --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Infrared (IR) absorption spectra --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- Mass spectra (MS) --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3.4 --- X-ray crystallography --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Authentic reference compounds --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- "Procurement, extraction and initial fractionation of Rhizoma Chuanxiong" --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- Chromatographic separation of the chloroform extract --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chromatographic separation of fraction F1002 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Spectral data for the characterization of compound 1 [5-(hydroxymethyl)- 2- furancarboxaldehyde] --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Column chromatographic separation of fraction F1003A --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Spectral data for the characterization of compound 2 (oleic acid) --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Physical data for the characterization of compound 3 (ferulic acid) --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Preparative layer chromatographic separation of Fraction F1010 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Spectral data for the characterization of compound 4 (daucosterol) --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4 --- Column chromatographic separation of the hexane extract --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Removal of fatty acids in fraction F2005 and F2006 by partition --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Column chromatographic separation of fraction F2005M --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Spectral data for the characterization of compound 5 (butylidenephthalide) --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Spectral data for the characterization of compound 6 (butylphthalide) --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Column chromatographic separation of fraction F2006M --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- "Spectral data for the characterization of compound 7 (Z, Z'-6.6', 7.3'a- diligustilide)" --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Colum chromatographic separation of fraction --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.4.1 --- Spectral data for the characterization of compound 8 (pregnenolone) --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.4.2 --- "Spectral data for the characterization of compound 9 [5,5- oxydimethylenebis(2-furaldehyde)]" --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- Results and Discussion --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Identification of compound 1 [5-(hydroxymethyl)-2- furancarboxaldehyde] --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Identification of compound 2 (oleic acid) --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Identification of compound 3 (ferulic acid) --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Identification of compound 4 (daucosterol) --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Identification of compound 5 (butylidenephthalide) --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Identification of compound 6 (butylphthalide) --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.7 --- "Identification of compound 7 (Z, Z'-6.6', 7.3'a-diligustilide)" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5.8 --- Identification of compound 8 (pregnenolone) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5.9 --- "Identification of compound 9 [5,5'-oxydimethylenebis(2-furaldehyde)]" --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusions --- p.34 / Chapter 3. --- Analysis of Rhizoma Chuanxiong by Capillary Electrophoresis --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Capillary electrophoreis system --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Principles of separation --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Considerations on development of analysis method --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experimental --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Reagents and materials --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Reference compounds --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Instrumentation and apparatus --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Experimental procedures --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Preparation of running buffer solution --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Preparation of standard solutions --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Preparation of Rhizoma Chuanxiong extracts --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Flushing of capillaries --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.4.5 --- Conditions of separation --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Preliminary experiments --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Addition of surfactants --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of buffer concentration --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of SDS concentration --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Addition of organic modifier --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Reproducibility of the proposed method --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Quantitative analysis of seven standard compounds --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Application of the developed methodology --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Conclusions --- p.83 / References --- p.85 / Appendices / Appendix 1.1.1 1H-NMR spectrum of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde --- p.90 / Appendix 1.1.2 13C-NMR spectrum of 5-(hydroxyinethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde --- p.90 / Appendix 1.2 X-ray crystallographic data of ferulic acid --- p.91 / Appendix 1.3 13C-NMR spectrum of butylidenephthalide --- p.96 / Appendix 1.4.1 1 H-NMR spectrum of butylphthalide --- p.97 / Appendix 1.4.2 13C-NMR spectrum of butylphthalide --- p.97 / "Appendix 1.5 X-ray crystallographic data of z, z', 6.6'， 7.3'a-diligustilide" --- p.98 / "Appendix 1.6 X-ray crystallographic data of 5,5'-oxydimethylenebis(2-furaldehyde)" --- p.105 / Appendix 2.1 Details of quantitative analysis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde --- p.112 / Appendix 2.2 Details of quantitative analysis of ligustrazin hydrochloride --- p.112 / "Appendix 2.3 Details of quantitative analysis of 5,5'-oxydimethylenebis(2-furaldehyde)" --- p.113 / Appendix 2.4 Details of quantitative anlaysis of ferulic acid --- p.113 / Appendix 2.5 Details of quantitative analysis of butylphthalide --- p.114 / Appendix 2.6 Details of quantitative analysis of butylidenephthalide --- p.114 / "Appendix 2.7 Details of quantitative anlaysis of z,z', 6.6', 7.3'a-diligustilide" --- p.115 / Appendix 3.1 Quantitative analysis of Chuanxiong sample from Hong Kong (HK1) --- p.115 / Appendix 3.2 Quantitaive analysis of Chuanxiong sample from Hong Kong (HK2) --- p.116 / Appendix 3.3 Quantitative analysis of Chuanxiong sample from Sichuan (SC1) --- p.116 / Appendix 3.4 Quantitative analysis of Chuanxiong sample from Sichuan (SC2) --- p.117 / Appendix 3.5 Quantitative anlaysis of Chuanxiong samplefrom Fujian (FJ) --- p.117

Tsai Sam-Hip. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-60). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Contents --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Basic theory of infrared spectroscopy --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- History Chinese herbal drugs --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Identification of Chinese herbal drugs using traditional methods --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Identification of Chinese herbal drugs by spectral fingerprinting method --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of this research --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- "Extraction and identification of Chinese herbal drugs using the ""Effective Peaks Matching"" method" / Chapter 2.1 --- Experimental --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Results and Discussions --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Identification of Chinese herbal drugs using point-to-point spectral comparison method / Chapter 3.1 --- Experimental --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results and Discussions --- p.34 / Conclusion --- p.55 / References --- p.56 / Appendices / Chapter A1 --- "VBA programs for the ""Effective Peaks Matching"" method" --- p.61 / Chapter A2 --- "VBA programs for ""point-to-point"" comparison method" --- p.74 / Chapter A3 --- Original spectra for database building --- p.79

by Kwan Yee Ting, Chris. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-48). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Part 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Identification of TCM --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Chemical Pattern Recognition --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Discriminant Analysis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Epimedium --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- High Performance Liquid Chromatography --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objectives of this work --- p.8 / Chapter Part 2. --- Chemical Analysis --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Sources of Epimedium samples --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Extraction --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Sample Pre-treatment --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Extraction Procedure --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Extraction Recovery --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Instrumental Analysis --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chromatographic Operating Conditions --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Preparation of Calibration Graph --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Sample injection --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Linearity of the Calibration Graph --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Development of Analysis Procedure --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Sample Pre-treatment --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Extractant --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Purification of Extract --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.2.4 --- Extraction Time --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.2.5 --- Solvent Gradient --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4.2.6 --- Detection --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Quantitative Analysis --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Extraction Recovery --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- Icariin Content --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusions --- p.22 / Chapter Part 3. --- Chemical Pattern Recognition --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Chromatographic Results --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Patterns of Epimedium Samples --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Computer Program --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Variable Extraction --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Variable Extraction Parameters --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- Variable Extraction Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.4.3 --- Transformation of Variables --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Variable Selection --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Predictive Power of the Recognition Model --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Accuracy of the Recognition Models --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Classification Functions --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Casewise Results of Recognition Model IV --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Plotting of the Best Two Canonical Discriminant Functions --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Meaning of Extracted Variables --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Limitations of Variable Extraction Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Importance of the Variable Extraction Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- "Reasons for the Poor Performance in Recognition Models I, II and III" --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Selected Variables in Model IV --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Misclassified Samples --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Quality Assessment --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Comparison with Another Chemical Pattern Recognition Method for the Identification of Epimedium --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Potential Usage of the Pattern Recognition Method --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.10 --- Advantage of the Pattern Recognition Method --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.11 --- Disadvantage of Discriminant Analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.43 / References --- p.44 / Appendix I Epimedium Species in China --- p.49 / Appendix II --- p.50 / Chapter II.1 --- Chromatograms of Samples of Epimedium sagittatum --- p.50 / Chapter II.2 --- Chromatograms of Samples of Epimedium pubescens --- p.57 / Chapter II.3 --- Chromatograms of Samples of Epimedium koreanum --- p.61 / Chapter II.4 --- Chromatograms of Samples of Epimedium leptorrhizum --- p.67 / Chapter II.5 --- Chromatograms of Samples of Epimedium wnshanese --- p.69 / Chapter II.6 --- Chromatograms of Samples of Epimedium brevicornum --- p.72 / Appendix III Log-transformed Values of Variables --- p.75

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Hin-Chung Chu. / Thesis submitted in: July 2002. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-306). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Cover (English & Chinese version) --- p.I / 中文封面 --- p.II / Abstract (English version) --- p.III-IV / 中藥不良反應論文摘要 --- p.V / Acknowledgements --- p.VI / Abbreviations --- p.VII-VIII / Publication in press --- p.IX / Content --- p.X-XV / Lists of Table --- p.XVI / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-3 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Chinese herbal medicines used in Hong Kong. --- p.4-15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.4-5 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Policy In Hong Kong -- Past And Present --- p.5-1 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Preparatory Committee on Chinese Medicine (PCCM) --- p.7-8 / Chapter 2.4 --- The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong --- p.8-10 / Chapter 2.5 --- Development of Standards --- p.10 / Chapter 2.6 --- Development of Centres of Good Clinical Practice --- p.10-11 / Chapter 2.7 --- Establishment of a Good System of Education and Training --- p.11 / Chapter 2.8 --- Investigation of Suspected Herbal Toxicity Cases --- p.12-13 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Herbal Safety Surveillance --- p.13-14 / Chapter 2.9 --- Conclusion --- p.14-15 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Herbal medicines used in other countries --- p.16-45 / Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- China --- p.16-19 / Chapter 3.3 --- Macau --- p.22-23 / Chapter 3.4 --- Taiwan --- p.23-26 / Chapter 3.5 --- Japan --- p.27-30 / Chapter 3.6 --- Singapore --- p.30-31 / Chapter 3.7 --- Australia --- p.31-34 / Chapter 3.8 --- Others Asian countries --- p.35 / Chapter 3.9 --- USA --- p.35-39 / Chapter 3.10 --- United Kingdom --- p.39-41 / Chapter 3.11 --- Europe --- p.41-43 / Chapter 3.12 --- Germany --- p.43-45 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Adverse reaction -- General Aspect --- p.46-63 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine --- p.47-49 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Compound Prescriptions to Reduce Toxicity --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Processing Of Chinese Herbs --- p.50-51 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- The Aims of Herbal Drug Processing --- p.51-52 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- The Methods of Herbal Drug Processing --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- External processing (simple treatment by trimming) --- p.52-53 / Chapter 4.2.2.4 --- Water processing --- p.53-54 / Chapter 4.2.2.5 --- Fire processing --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.2.6 --- Water-fire processing --- p.54-55 / Chapter 4.2.2.7 --- Other methods --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3 --- Practical Problem in Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.55-57 / Chapter 4.4 --- Evaluation of herbal adverse reactions --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Type A reactions --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Type B reactions --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Type C reactions --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Type D reactions --- p.58 / Chapter 4.5 --- Chinese Proprietary medicine --- p.58-59 / Chapter 4.6 --- Potential Risks for Herbal Adverse Reaction --- p.59 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Misidentification --- p.59-60 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Lack of standardisation --- p.60 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Contamination --- p.60 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Incorrect preparation / dosage --- p.60 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Excessive dosage --- p.60-61 / Chapter 4.6.6 --- Individual errors --- p.61 / Chapter 4.6.7 --- Individual response --- p.61 / Chapter 4.6.8 --- Unqualified Herbal Practitioner with Wrong Prescription --- p.61-62 / Chapter 4.6.9 --- Interaction with Western medicine --- p.62 / Chapter 4.6.10 --- Prolonged Usage --- p.62 / Chapter 4.6.11. --- Coexisting disease --- p.62-63 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- "Substitution, Adulteration or Misusing with Toxic Herbs" --- p.64-84 / Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.64-65 / Chapter 5.2 --- Adulteration by Guijiu --- p.65-68 / Chapter 5.3 --- Anticholinergic reactions Caused by <Yangjinhua> --- p.69-74 / Chapter 5.4 --- Overdosage --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Overdose of Aconitine --- p.74-78 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Overdose of Liquorice ('Gancao') --- p.78-80 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Overdose of <Chansu> --- p.80 / Chapter 5.5 --- Misusing - Personal abuse --- p.80 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- <Banmao> --- p.80-81 / Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.81-84 / Chapter 5.7 --- Conclusion --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Chinese Patent Medicine - General Aspect --- p.85-112 / Chapter 6.1 --- Chinese Patent Medicine --- p.85 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.85-87 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Herbal Injection and Infusion --- p.87-88 / Chapter 6.1.2.1 --- Variety & Processing --- p.88 / Chapter 6.1.2.2 --- Stabilization --- p.88-89 / Chapter 6.1.2.3 --- The Molecular Size --- p.89-90 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Adverse Reactions Caused by Chinese Proprietary Medicines --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1.3.1 --- Aconitine poisoning --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1.3.2 --- Nan Lien Chui Fong Toukuwan' --- p.90-91 / Chapter 6.1.3.3 --- Jin Bu Huan' --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1.3.4 --- Baoyingdan' --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Heavy metals in CPM --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1.5 --- The Necessarity to Develop Randomise Herbal Clinical Trial. --- p.91-92 / Chapter 6.1.6 --- Recommendation --- p.92-93 / Chapter 6.1.7 --- Conclusion --- p.93-94 / Chapter 6.2 --- Adulteration by synthetic therapeutic substances --- p.95-104 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The Experiences in China --- p.91-99 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The Experiences in Hong Kong --- p.99-101 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- The Experience in Taiwan --- p.101-102 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Discussion --- p.102-104 / Chapter 6.3 --- Oil of Wintergreen (Methyl salicylate) --- p.104-112 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Overview --- p.104-111 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Prevention --- p.111-112 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Adverse effects of Ginseng. --- p.113-123 / Chapter 7.1 --- Overview --- p.113 / Chapter 7.2 --- Botany --- p.113-114 / Chapter 7.3 --- Pharmacological Effects --- p.114-115 / Chapter 7.4 --- Adverse reaction of Ginseng --- p.115 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Overdosage --- p.115-116 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Substitution with cheaper and more toxic herbs --- p.116-121 / Chapter 7.5 --- Drug - herb Interaction --- p.121-122 / Chapter 7.6 --- Conclusion --- p.123 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Herbal Medicines With Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions --- p.124-123 / Chapter 8.1 --- Overview --- p.124 / Chapter 8.2 --- Hypertension --- p.124 / Chapter 8.3 --- Atherosclerosis --- p.124-125 / Chapter 8.4 --- Arrhythmias --- p.125-126 / Chapter 8.5 --- Cardic Failure --- p.126 / Chapter 8.6 --- Angia Pectoris --- p.126 / Chapter 8.7 --- Thromboembolic Disorders --- p.126-127 / Chapter 8.8 --- Discussion --- p.127-128 / Chapter 8.8.1 --- Herbal Medicine Used in Cardiovascular System --- p.131 / Chapter 8.8.1.1 --- Ginseng --- p.131-133 / Chapter 8.8.1.2 --- Ma huang (Ephedra sinica) --- p.133-136 / Chapter 8.8.1.3 --- Yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia) --- p.136-137 / Chapter 8.8.1.4 --- Stephania tetrandra --- p.137-138 / Chapter 8.8.1.5 --- Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) --- p.138 / Chapter 8.8.1.8 --- Ginkgo biloba --- p.138-140 / Chapter 8.8.1.9 --- Dong Quai (Angelicae Sinensis) --- p.140-141 / Chapter 8.8.1.10 --- Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) --- p.141-143 / Chapter 8.8.1.11 --- Berberine --- p.143 / Chapter 8.8.2 --- Potential Problem Caused by Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.143-144 / Chapter 8.9 --- Other Herbal Adverse Effects And Drug Interaction --- p.144-145 / Chapter 8.10 --- Conclusion --- p.145 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Review of the Adverse Reactions to herbal treatments of Obesity --- p.146-150 / Chapter 9.1 --- Overview --- p.146 / Chapter 9.2 --- Combined With Unknown medication --- p.146-147 / Chapter 9.3 --- Dietary Supplements and Herbal Preparations --- p.147-149 / Chapter 9.4 --- Conclusion --- p.149-150 / Chapter Chapter 10 --- Adverse Effects of CHM used for Diabetes --- p.151-159 / Chapter 10.1 --- Introduction --- p.151 / Chapter 10.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine used in Diabetes --- p.151 / Chapter 10.3 --- Adverse Reaction of Alternative Diabetic Treatment --- p.152-158 / Chapter 10.4 --- Conclusion --- p.159 / Chapter Chapter 11 --- Review of Herbal Hepatotoxicity --- p.160-194 / Chapter 11.1 --- Introduction --- p.160-161 / Chapter 11.2 --- Drug-induced hepatic injury --- p.161-163 / Chapter 11.3 --- Types of Liver Injury --- p.163 / Chapter 11.3.1 --- Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) --- p.163 / Chapter 11.4 --- Hepatotoxicity Herbs --- p.163 / Chapter 11.4.1 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.163-164 / Chapter 11.4.2 --- Rhizoma Discoreae Bulbiferae --- p.164-165 / Chapter 11.5 --- Consumption of Insect herbs --- p.165 / Chapter 11.6 --- Hepatotoxicity Cause by Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.165-166 / Chapter 11.6.1 --- Jin Bu Huan --- p.166-168 / Chapter 11.6.2 --- Chi R Yun (Breynia officinalis) --- p.168 / Chapter 11.6.3 --- Sho-saiko-to --- p.168-169 / Chapter 11.6.4 --- Shou-Wu-Pian --- p.169-171 / Chapter 11.7 --- Importance of Drug-Herb and Herb-Herb Interactions --- p.171-172 / Chapter 11.8 --- Diagnosis of Herbal Hepatotoxicity --- p.172-173 / Chapter 11.9 --- Recomandation --- p.173-174 / Chapter 11.10 --- Conclusion --- p.175 / Table --- p.176-180 / Chapter Chapter 12 --- Review of Herbal Nephropathy --- p.181-194 / Chapter 12.1 --- Introduction --- p.181 / Chapter 12.2 --- Aristolochia acids (AA) --- p.181-183 / Chapter 12.2.1 --- Intoxication of Aristolochia in Worldwide --- p.183-184 / Chapter 12.2.2 --- Morphological findings --- p.184-185 / Chapter 12.2.3 --- Carcinogenic --- p.185-187 / Chapter 12.3 --- MuTong (Aristolochia manshuriensis) --- p.187-188 / Chapter 12.4 --- Ma-dou-ling (Fructus Aristolochiae) --- p.188 / Chapter 12.5 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.188-189 / Chapter 12.6 --- Gastrodia Elata --- p.189 / Chapter 12.7 --- Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) --- p.190-191 / Chapter 12.8 --- Hippocampus (Sea Horse) --- p.191 / Chapter 12.9 --- Milabris Phanalerata --- p.191-192 / Chapter 12.10 --- Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.192-193 / Chapter 12.11 --- Conclusion --- p.193-194 / Chapter Chapter 13 --- Adverse Reaction of Herbal Medicine in Dermatology. --- p.195-217 / Chapter 13.1 --- Overview --- p.195-196 / Chapter 13.2 --- Chinese Herbal Medicine Used in Psoriasis --- p.196 / Chapter 13.2.1 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.197 / Chapter 13.2.2 --- Radix Angelicae pubescentis and Radix Angelicae dahuricae --- p.197-198 / Chapter 13.2.3 --- Radix macrotomiae seu Lithospermi Injection --- p.198 / Chapter 13.3 --- Chinese Herbal Decoction For Atopic Dermatitis --- p.198-200 / Chapter 13.3.1 --- Tea Extracts --- p.200-201 / Chapter 13.4 --- Potential Adverse Effect with Herbal Medicine --- p.201 / Chapter 13.4.1 --- Allergic skin reactions --- p.201-202 / Chapter 13.4.2 --- Stevens-Johnson syndrome --- p.202 / Chapter 13.4.3 --- Photosensitization --- p.202-204 / Chapter 13.4.4 --- Pellagra --- p.204 / Chapter 13.4.5 --- Hepatotoxic Effects --- p.204-205 / Chapter 13.4.6 --- Others Adverse Reaction --- p.205 / Chapter 13.4.7 --- Potential Adverse Reaction Caused by Interactions --- p.205 / Chapter 13.5 --- Potential Adverse Reaction Caused by Contamination of Herbal Product --- p.206 / Chapter 13.5.1 --- Herbal creams adulterated with corticosteroids --- p.206-207 / Chapter 13.5.2 --- Arsenic dermatoses --- p.207 / Chapter 13.5.3 --- Mercury poisoning --- p.207-208 / Table --- p.208-211 / Chapter 13.6 --- Dermatological Adverse Reaction Caused by Herbs --- p.211 / Chapter 13.7 --- Contact Dermatitis Caused by CPM --- p.211-212 / Chapter 13.7.1 --- Liushenwan' --- p.211-212 / Chapter 13.7.2 --- Heiguiyou' --- p.212 / Chapter 13.7.3 --- 101 Hair Regrowth Liniment' --- p.212-213 / Chapter 13.7.4 --- Zhenggushui' --- p.213 / Chapter 13.7.5 --- Tiedayaoiing' --- p.213-214 / Table --- p.214-215 / Chapter 13.8 --- Non-dermatological adverse effects of systemic herbal treatments used for dermatological conditions --- p.215-216 / Chapter 13.9 --- Conclusion --- p.216-217 / Chapter Chapter 14 --- "Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pregnancy, Infants & Children," --- p.218-229 / Chapter 14.1 --- Overview --- p.218-219 / Chapter 14.2 --- Asian Cultures for Pregnancy --- p.219-223 / Chapter 14.3 --- Teratogenic Herbs --- p.224-225 / Chapter 14.4 --- Chinese proprietary medicines --- p.225 / Chapter 14.4.1 --- "“Tse Koo Choy""" --- p.225-226 / Chapter 14.4.2 --- "“Lu Shen Wan""" --- p.226 / Chapter 14.4.3 --- "“Po Ying Pills""" --- p.226-227 / Chapter 14.4.4 --- """Jin Bu Huan Toxicity"" in Children" --- p.227 / Chapter 14.6 --- Topical Preparations --- p.227-228 / Chapter 14.7 --- Dietary supplement --- p.228-229 / Chapter 14.8 --- Conclusion --- p.229 / Chapter Chapter 15 --- Heavy metals poisoning in traditional Chinese medicines. --- p.230-251 / Chapter 15.1 --- Introduction --- p.230-232 / Chapter 15.2 --- LEAD --- p.232 / Chapter 15.2.1 --- Overview --- p.232 / Chapter 15.2.2 --- Poisoning Cases of Boa Ning Dan --- p.233-235 / Chapter 15.2.3 --- Lead Poisoning in Worldwide --- p.235-238 / Chapter 15.3 --- MERCURY --- p.238 / Chapter 15.3.1 --- Overview --- p.238-239 / Chapter 15.3.2 --- Cinnabar --- p.239-240 / Chapter 15.3.3 --- Presentation --- p.240-241 / Chapter 15.3.4 --- Poisoning Cases --- p.241-242 / Chapter 15.4 --- ARSENIC --- p.242 / Chapter 15.4.1 --- Overview --- p.242-243 / Chapter 15.4.2 --- Arsenic toxicity --- p.243-244 / Chapter 15.4.3 --- The toxicologic mechanisms of inorganic arsenic --- p.244-246 / Chapter 15.4.4 --- Poisoning Cases --- p.246 / Chapter 15.4.5 --- Discussion --- p.247-248 / Chapter 15.5 --- Conclusion --- p.248 / Table --- p.249-251 / Chapter Chapter 16 --- Herb - Drug Interactions --- p.252-269 / Chapter 16.1 --- Overview --- p.252-254 / Chapter 16.2 --- Effects of Herb-drug interactions --- p.255 / Chapter 16.2.1 --- Gastrointestinal system --- p.255-256 / Chapter 16.2.2 --- Cardiovascular system --- p.256 / Chapter 16.2.3 --- Central nervous system --- p.257 / Chapter 16.2.4 --- Endocrine system --- p.257 / Chapter 16.3 --- Reason regard to herb-drug interactions --- p.257 / Chapter 16.3.1 --- Lack of Knowledge About Herbs --- p.257 / Chapter 16.3.2 --- Mislabelling or Adulteration --- p.258 / Chapter 16.3.3 --- Lack of Patient Communication About Use of Botanicals --- p.258 / Chapter 16.3.4 --- Lack of Practitioner Knowledge About Potential Interactions --- p.258 / Chapter 16.4 --- Metabolism of Herb-Drug Interaction --- p.258-259 / Chapter 16.5 --- Pharmacologic Interactions --- p.259-260 / Chapter 16.5.1 --- Interaction with Antibiotics --- p.260 / Chapter 16.5.2 --- Interaction with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs --- p.260-261 / Chapter 16.5.3 --- Interaction with Sedatives --- p.261-262 / Chapter 16.5.4 --- Interaction with Anticoagulants --- p.262-263 / Chapter 16.5.5 --- Interaction with Anti-hypertensives and Diuretics --- p.263 / Chapter 16.5.6 --- Interaction with Spironolactone --- p.264 / Chapter 16.5.7 --- Interaction with Corticosteroids and Cyclosporine --- p.264-265 / Chapter 16.5.8 --- Interaction with Estrogen Replacement Therapy --- p.265 / Chapter 16.5.9 --- Interactions Between Natural Product and Drug --- p.265-266 / Chapter 16.6 --- Herb-to-Herb Interactions --- p.266-267 / Chapter 16.7 --- Conclusion --- p.268-269 / Chapter Chapter 17 --- Recommendation --- p.270-264 / Chapter 17.1 --- Overview --- p.270 / Chapter 17.2 --- The need to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine --- p.270-271 / Chapter 17.3 --- For the Pharmaceutical Industries --- p.211-212 / Chapter 17.4 --- For the physicians & patient --- p.272-274 / Conclusion --- p.274 / Chapter Chapter 18 --- Conclusion --- p.275-280 / Chapter Chapter 19 --- Reference --- p.281-306

by Suk Che Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Dedication --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of Chinese Medicinal Herbs containing essential oils --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Introduction of Chinese Medicinal Herbs --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Chinese Medicinal Herbs containing essential oils --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Recognition of Chinese Medicinal Herbs --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Traditional method in recognition of Chinese Medicinal Herbs (CMH) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Instrumental Methods for the recognition of CMH --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The use of GC and GC/MS on CMH --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Motivation and objective of this research --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Motivation --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Objective of this research --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of the methodology and arrangement of the thesis --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Experimental Setup --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Reagents and materials --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reagents and glassware --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Materials --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample pretreatment --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Extraction of essential oils from the herbal samples --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Traditional extraction methods for essential oils --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Extraction by hydrodistillation using Dean and Stark-type trap --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Comparison with literature data --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Reproducibility of the extraction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Recovery test --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter3: --- Instrumental Analysis of the Essential Oils --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- GC analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Instrumental settings --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- The use of GC in the analysis of essential oils --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Qualitative data --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Quantitative data --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Dilution strategy --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Precision test --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- Linearity --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- GC/MS analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Instrumental settings --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- The use of GC/MS in the analysis of essential oils --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Identification by GC/MS --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Abundance information --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Results --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Precision test --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Linearity --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Detection limit --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Chromatographic patterns of herbal samples obtained by GC/MS --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Development of a system for recognition --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Analysis of chromatographic patterns --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Extraction of “effective´ح peaks --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Extraction of “characteristic´ح peaks --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Library section --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Calculation of relative retention indices --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Normalization factors --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4 --- Matching section --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Overview of the matching method --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Input --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Matching strategy --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Matching algorithms --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- "Matching with “characteristic"" peaks" --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- Matching with “effective´ح peaks --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Calculation of similarity scores --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Output --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Performance of the proposed recognition system --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- Recognition performance of the database --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Definition of similarity --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Performance test of the recognition method --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Candidates in the library file --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Unknown not found in the library file --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Information drawn from the scores --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.3.1 --- Recognition of the unknown sample in terms of similarity --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.3.2 --- Relationship between the herbal drugs --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Applicability of the proposed methodology --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- Limitation of the proposed methodology --- p.81 / Chapter 5.4 --- Future prospect --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion --- p.83 / References --- p.86 / Appendices / Chapter A. --- Linearity of calibration graphs using GC --- p.A1 / Chapter B. --- Linearity of calibration graphs using GC/MS --- p.A3 / Chapter C. --- GC/MS chromatograms of the herbal samples --- p.A5 / Chapter D. --- "Relative retention times of “effective"" and ""characteristic"" peaks" --- p.A28

Leung Yiu Fai Ivan. / "July 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-101). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Chan Shun Wan. / "August 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-235). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Human viral infections are important health problem worldwide. Although much effort has been made, antiviral drugs, because of the unique properties of viruses, are relatively fewer in number and possess relatively narrow spectrum of activities as compared with antibiotics. Moreover, efficacy, drug resistance and side effect are the problems of antiviral drugs in clinical uses. Thus, it is necessary to develop new, effective and safe antiviral drug. / Thirty-seven medicinal herbs, which were collected from Guangdong province or the Hong Kong region, were selected to screen for their antiviral activities against HSV-1 and/or RSV in vitro using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. The selection of the herbs was mainly based on their traditional use in the treatment of human infectious diseases of the skin and respiratory tract. / Three of 37 medicinal herbs, Agrimonia pilosa, Pithecellobium clypearia, and Punica granatum, showed anti-HSV-1 activity, which was possibly contributed from polyphenolic compounds in the herbal extracts. Six of 21 medicinal herbs, Blumea laciniata, Elephantopus scaber, Laggera pterodonta, Mussaenda pubescens, Schefflera heptaphylla, and Scutellaria indica, exhibited potent anti-RSV activity with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) ranging from 12.5 to 32 mug/ml, and the selective indices (SI) ranging from 11.2 to 40. Moreover, the anti-RSV SI values of Laggera pterodonta and Schefflera heptaphylla were found to be higher than that of ribavirin. Finally, Schefflera heptaphylla having the highest anti-RSV SI value among the active herbs was subjected to further study its antiviral activity. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Traditional herbal medicines have been used for a long time in the treatment of human infectious diseases in many countries, including China. Antiviral screening has shown that quite a few medicinal herbs distributed in various regions of the world possess significant antiviral activities with no or limited adverse effects, and many naturally occurring compounds exhibit antiviral activity in vitro and/or in vivo. In the present study, our objectives are to (1) screen for potential antiviral agents from selected herbal medicines traditionally used in southern China, (2) isolate and characterize the antiviral constituents from the most active herb, and (3) probe possible antiviral modes of action of the active compounds. The viruses used in the present study included respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), influenza A virus (Flu A), and coxsackie B3 virus (Cox B3). However, the present study mainly focused on searching for anti-RSV and anti-HSV-1 agents from selected Chinese herbal medicines. / Li Yaolan. / "October 2004." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-07, Section: B, page: 3506. / Supervisors: Vincent V. E. C. Ooi; Paul P. H. But. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-178). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.