臺灣的連鎖式便利商店密度居世界之冠，為數眾多的門市使得便利商店與臺灣人 民的生活息息相關，就直覺來說，便利商店門市的數量也影響了廠商設立新門市 的決策。本研究建構了一離散選擇的動態賽局，分析臺北市各個行政區便利商店 門市數量對不同廠商設立新門市的影響。實證結果顯示當競爭對手門市數量剛開 始增加時，門市數量對便利商店的利潤有正向的影響，但是當對手門市數量太多 時，此數量的增加對便利商店的利潤產生負向影響。這結果表示一開始門市之間 的互補效果大於替代效果，但是門市數量太多造成過度競爭，此時門市之間的替 代效果大於互補效果。而同品牌的門市數量對於廠商的總利潤也有類似的影響。 另外，本研究也估計便利商店歷年來在臺北市各行政區展店的機率，其中大安區 和中山區是便利商店廠商最想展店的行政區，相對而言，南港區、大同區和萬華 區則是展店機率較低的行政區。 / The density of convenience stores (CVS) in Taiwan is ranked as number one in the world. The highly concentrated market of convenience stores has dramatically changed the lifestyle of Taiwanese people. The number of existing outlets in a region is also an important factor in regard to the entry decisions of new outlets. In this study, we construct a model of the dynamic discrete game, and examine the influence of the rival outlet number on CVS entry decisions in Taipei, Taiwan. The empirical evidence we find is that the CVS profits first rise and then decline as the own or rival outlet number increases. This result implies that the complement and substitution effects vary with the number of the CVS outlets in a specific region. Furthermore, we estimate the probabilities that the CVS companies will set up additional outlets in any district of Taipei during the data period. The results show that it is most likely for the companies to enter the Da’an and Zhongshan districts, while Nangang, Datong and Wanhua are districts with low entry probabilities.

The general view of educators at all levels of education as well as trainers in industry, that learners do not have the ability to use their knowledge inter-curricular and holistically in their lives prompted the study. A very superficial study that was done in 2000, regarding the same problem, acted as the starting point for this study. The main purpose of the study was to determine the reasons for the general perception by educators that learners do not use their embedded knowledge in an inter-curricular manner. It also aimed to determine the most effective facilitating styles and methods that would help the learners to develop the skills to learn with the main aim to achieve learning that lasts and not just learning to pass. The use of deconstruction as a learning activity forms the biggest part of this qualitative action research project which was based on the main principles of the hermeneutic approach namely, communication followed by interpretation in order to reach understanding. The principles of narrative therapy were also used in the project. The hermeneutic approach followed in this study also allows the reader to walk the road with the participants as a narrative, first person reporting style provides rich background information regarding all the participants of the study as well as the contexts in which the actions took place. The reader will also be able to feel the closeness that existed between the educator and the learners who were part of this study. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Didactics)

No description available.

This pilot study consists of two parts. The first part investigates the extent to which the domestic electricity consumers intend to use and use energy efficiently using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The second part investigates the extent to which the Energy @ Home educational intervention changed the domestic electricity consumers’ behaviour. For the first part of the study an advertisement was published and a convenience stratified sample of 61 domestic electricity consumers were selected from the 290 respondents. Data was collected from the domestic electricity consumers via a questionnaire and a telephone response log. The co-relational research design was used to investigate the relationship between the predictor variables the independent variables in the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Simple linear regression analysis resulted in F statistic for the predicted behavioural intention was 29.74 with a p value less than 0.0001 which indicates significant statistical evidence of a linear relation between the predictor variables and the independent variables. The r2 of 0.87 implies that data points that fall closely along the best fit line. Therefore the predictor variables were good predictors of the response variable. All the participants that intended to use electricity efficiently confirmed via the telephone that they were using electricity efficiently. In the second part of the study 11 out of the 61 participants were chosen to participate in the Energy @ Home educational intervention and television program. Data was collected via the Energy audit log and the electricity consumption log. The participants intended to save between 2% and 35% of their electricity consumption and the actual electricity consumption savings were between 2% and 30%. / Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Mathematics, Physics & Technology Education (Physics Education))

Arbetet har syftat till att undersöka och problematisera flaggstatens och klassificeringssällskapens roller såsom kontrollfunktion avseende sjösäkerhet. Frågor har ställts angående vilka skyldigheter flaggstater å ena sidan, och klassificeringssällskap å andra sidan, har vad gäller fartygskonstruktion och fartygssäkerhet. Vidare har arbetet även behandlat frågan vilka sjösäkerhetsrelaterade effekter som kan uppkomma av att flaggstaten delegerar skyldigheter avseende konstruktion till klassificeringssällskap. För att besvara frågorna har en kvalitativ dokumentstudie gjorts, med vissa inslag av rättsdogmatik i de delar som avsett finna gällande rätt på området. Materialet för dokumentstudiens del har till stor del valts ut genom en bred sökning i litteratur och avhandlingar på området. På så vis har det använda materialet redan genomgått en urvalsprocess och därmed ansetts vara relevant för arbetet. Resultatet visar att det finns en viss överlappning i kontrollfunktionsrollen för både flaggstaten och klassificeringssällskapen. Att delegering av skyldigheter sker från flaggstaten till klassificeringssällskapen är inte nödvändigtvis problematiskt. Dock kan en delegering få negativa effekter på sjösäkerheten i de fall klassificeringssällskapen inte är i paritet med flaggstaten eller båda parter saknar en effektiv kontrollfunktion med högt ställda krav. Skulle delegering ske till ett klassificeringssällskap som har en god kontrollfunktion med höga krav kan brister som finns inom flaggstaten, såsom bristande resurser och kompetens, avhjälpas. Trots att systemet till stor del verkar fungera tillfredsställande finns anledning att fortsätta forska inom området för att undersöka hur de problem som belysts i detta arbete kan åtgärdas eller förhindras i framtiden. / The aim of this paper has been to investigate and problematize the roles of the flag state and the classification societies in regard to their maritime safety control function. Questions have been raised regarding what obligations flag states on one hand, and classification societies on the other hand, have regarding ship construction and ship safety. Furthermore, the paper has also addressed the question of what maritime safety-related effects may arise from the flag state delegating their duties to classification societies. To answer the questions, a qualitative document study has been conducted, with some elements of legal dogmatics in certain parts in order to find the current legal situation. The material for the document study has been selected by thorough research into literature and dissertations in the area. Therefore, the chosen material has been previously reviewed and gone through a selection process and was thus considered relevant for this paper. The result has shown that there is some overlap in the control function for both the flag state and the classification societies. Delegating obligations from the flag state to the classification societies is not necessarily problematic. However, delegation of the said duties can have negative effects on maritime safety in cases where the classification societies are not on par with the flag state or both parties lack an effective control apparatus to enforce high standards. Should delegation occur to a classification society that has a good control apparatus with high requirements, possible shortcomings that exist within the flag state, such as lack of resources and skills, can be remedied by the high standard performance of the classification society. Even though the system might seem satisfactorily at first glance, there is room for further research in the area in order to investigate how the existing problems can be managed and prevented in the future.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The study was conducted to examine the communication between the customer and the cashier at the point of purchase in the process of determining the impact of the labeling laws. This study used an inductive qualitative design for data collection and data analysis. Data from this study suggest that calorie counts on menu labels are discussed frequently between the customer and the cashier at the point of sale at fast-casual restaurants. The data found gives us a framework and rationale as to why previous research on the effectiveness of the calorie labeling law in the Affordable Care Act have yet to make a significant impact in reducing consumer’s total daily caloric intake when eating food away from the home and found three specific reasons as to why the calorie labeling law may not be working the way the government intended it to. First, consumers at fast-casual restaurants rely on the cashiers as calorie guides because they are not aware or knowledgeable about the recommended daily caloric intake and often underestimate the total calories in their meals. Secondly, the study’s findings indicate that when restaurants offer lower calorie choices and downsizing options like a “small pita” at Pita Pit instead of a “regular pita”, many consumers buy the downsized item or smaller portion but food chains are not downsizing their signature items. Third, the study examined if the cashiers are trained in any way to discuss new regulations and calorie count/nutritional value and not one cashier was trained specifically about the calorie labeling law and why certain foods on the menu have more calories than others even though they are influencing decision making. Conversations at the point of sale have been routinely ignored in research about the calorie labeling law and this research helps to understand the choices consumers are making with the newly implemented calorie labeling regulation. The results from this study helps us further advance our understanding as to why consumers make the food choices they do while eating at restaurants.

Débutée par l’étude des règles communautaires engendrées par le naufrage de l’Erika, la présente recherche s’est affinée autour de la relation entre sécurité maritime et protection du milieu marin tout en s’enrichissant de l’observation des règles internationales. Dès lors, l’idée retenue fut d’étudier la collision entre deux éléments ni équivalents, ni complètement différents et de voir ce que ce « big-bang » juridique avait pu provoquer.La première partie envisagera le renouvellement de la fonction de sécurité maritime autour de la finalité de protection du milieu marin. En effet, vers le milieu du XXème siècle, l’apparition des préoccupations environnementales vient déséquilibrer la répartition classique des compétences entre l’Etat du pavillon et l’Etat côtier. La liberté, principe fondateur de l’ordre des mers, se transforme pour s’adapter aux réalités de la protection du milieu marin. Elle devient alors le principe d’utilisation durable de la mer, nouvelle clé de la répartition des souverainetés en mer. Une forme de gouvernance environnementale de la sécurité maritime paraît se constituer autour de l’Organisation maritime internationale et de l’Union européenneLa seconde partie permettra de mettre en lumière la redéfinition de l’espace normatif de sécurité maritime au prisme de l’objectif de prévention des pollutions. A l’origine, les règles de sécurité maritime avaient pour but de protéger l’entreprise maritime contre les dangers de la mer. Désormais, il s’agit de protéger la biosphère pour sauvegarder l’humanité et ses générations futures. C’est pourquoi la sécurité maritime classique, devenue insuffisante, évolue vers une notion plus moderne, « environnementale ». / Begun with the study of the European Union rules engendered by the wreck of Erika, the present research was refined around the relation between marine safety and marine environment protection while growing rich of the observation of the international rules. From then on, the idea was to study the collision between two elements neither equivalents, nor completely different and to see what this legal "big-bang" had provoke.The first part will envisage the renewal of the function of marine safety around the purpose of marine environment protection. Indeed, by the middle of the XXth century, the appearance of the environmental concerns comes to destabilize the classic distribution of the skills between the flag State and the coastal State. The freedom, founding principle of the order of seas, has been transformed to adapt itself to the realities of the marine environment protection. It becomes then the principle of sustainable use of the sea, the new key of the distribution of sovereignties on the sea. A shape of environmental governance of the maritime safety appears to establish around the International Maritime Organization and the European Union.The second part will allow to bring to light the redefining of the normative space of maritime safety in the prism of the objective of prevention of the pollutions. Originally, the regulations of marine safety aimed at protecting the sailormen against the dangers of the sea. Henceforth, it is today a question of protecting the biosphere, the humanity and its future generations. That is why the classic marine safety, become insufficient, evolves towards a more modern, " environmental " notion.

Introducción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si existe correlación entre los conocimientos sobre las consecuencias de la obesidad y el grado de actividad física de las personas. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico durante los años 2013 y 2014. Participaron 215 alumnos de pregrado seleccionados por conveniencia no relacionados a carreras del campo de la salud en una universidad de Lima, Perú. Se evaluó el grado de actividad física utilizando el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y el nivel de conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad utilizando la escala Obesity Risk Knowledge-10 (ORK-10). También, se consignó las fuentes de información de donde obtuvieron el conocimiento para responder dicho cuestionario. Resultados. La mediana de edad fue 20 (rango intercuartílico=4) y 63% eran mujeres. De acuerdo al IPAQ, 53,9% realizaban actividad física alta, 35,4%, moderada y 10,7%, leve. Se encontró una correlación muy baja (rs=0,06) entre el puntaje del ORK-10 y la cantidad de equivalentes metabólicos/minuto consumidos por semana, pero no era significativa (p=0,38). Las personas informadas por medios de comunicación y por personal de salud obtuvieron mayores puntajes en el ORK- 10 que quienes se informaron por otras vías (p<0,05). Conclusiones. La correlación entre los conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad y el grado de actividad física es muy baja. Es necesario utilizar enfoques multidisciplinarios que incluyan todos los determinantes de la realización de actividad física para poder lograr cambios en la conducta de la población.