Denna självobservationsstudie undersöker hur övande av instrument påverkar det psy- kiska måendet samt hur det psykiska måendet påverkar övningen. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur mycket övning som ska planeras i för väg så att det gynnar mitt mående samtidigt som övningen är effektiv. Under tre veckors tid användes tre olika sätt att pla- nera övning för att senare kunna hitta mönster i mående och övningskvalitet. En vecka planerades övningen i för väg, en vecka planerades ingen övning utan all övning var spon- tan och baserad på motivation och lust, och en vecka kombinerades dessa sätt genom att planera en del övning i för väg men även lämna utrymme för spontan övning. Studien ut- går från det fenomenologiska perspektivet och frågeställningarna lyder Upplever jag att övningens kvalitet påverkar mitt psykiska mående, och i sådana fall på vilka sätt? Upplever jag att det finns psykiska aspekter som påverkar min övning, och i sådana fall på vilka sätt? och I vilka situationer upplever jag att jag har en bra balans mellan planerad respektive spontan övning som gynnar både min övning och mitt psykiska mående? I undersökningen dokumenterades tankar kring övningen i en ljudloggbok i samband med övningstillfällena och mitt psykiska mående dokumenterades i en applikation, i form av en digital dagbok. Detta dokumenterade material bearbetades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Det framkom- mer i resultatet att mitt mående ofta speglar hur övningen har gått och har jag mått dåligt innan övningen så har det ofta varit svårt att fokusera, vilket påverkade övningens kvali- tet. Det framkommer också att det fanns väldigt lite motivation till övning under veckan där jag planerade all övning i för väg samt veckan där ingen övning planerades i för väg. Under veckan där en del övning planerades i förväg och en del övning skedde spontant visade sig att spontan övning ofta skedde till följd av planerad uppvärmning/övning tidi- gare samma dag. / This self-observation study examines how practicing an instrument affects the mental state and how the mental state affects the practice. The purpose of the study is to investi- gate how much exercise should be planned in advance so that it benefits my well-being while the exercise is effective. During three weeks, three different ways of planning exer- cise were used in order to later find patterns in mood and exercise quality. One week the exercise was planned in advance, one week no exercise was planned but all exercise was spontaneous and based on motivation and desire, and one week these ways were com- bined by planning some exercise in advance but also leaving room for spontaneous exer- cise. The study is based on the phenomenological perspective and the questions are: Do I feel that the quality of the exercise affects my psychological well-being, and if so, in what ways? Do I feel that there are psychological aspects that affect my practice? If so, in what ways? and In which situations do I feel that I have a good balance between planned and spontaneous practice that benefits both my practice and my mental well-being? Thoughts about the exercise were documented in an audio log book in connection with the exercise sessions and my mental state was documented in an application, in the form of a digital diary. This documented material was processed using thematic analysis. It appears in the results that my mood often reflects how the exercise went and if I felt bad before the ex- ercise, it was often difficult to focus, which affected the quality of the exercise. It also ap- pears that there was very little motivation for exercise during the week where I planned all exercise in advance and the week where no exercise was planned in advance. During the week where some exercise was planned in advance and some exercise happened spontaneously, it turned out that spontaneous exercise often happened as a result of planned warm-up/exercise earlier the same day.

Under vintern 2019-2020 drabbades världen av en pandemi, covid-19. Under denna omvälvande period omstruktureras all sjukvård tillfälligt för att möta denna nya patientgrupp. Intensivvården drabbades särskilt hårt då de skulle omhänderta denna kritiskt sjuka och sårbara patientgrupp. För att kunna ge en god vård och avlasta intensivvårdspersonal infördes funktionen förstärkningsläkare. Dessa fick bland annat ansvar för att skriva dagbok till patienterna, en uppgift som vanligen utföres av sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor. Studien belyser förstärkningsläkarens upplevelse av att skriva dagbok till patienter som vårdas för covid-19 på intensivvårdsavdelning under pandemin. Studien är av kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats bestående av intervjuer, med resultat baserat på tematisk analys. I resultatet identifierades fem teman: att erbjuda en berättelse, samarbetets betydelse, erfarenhetens betydelse, ödmjukhet inför ansvaret och att göra gott. Resultatet visar att det kändes meningsfullt, värdefullt och ansvarsfullt att skapa ett sammanhang av intensivvårdstiden som utgick från patientens perspektiv och att använda ett förståeligt språk i skrivandet var viktigt. Det fanns en ambition och vilja hos förstärkningsläkarna att förmedla en berättelse, med syfte att göra gott genom att dagboken skulle komma patienter och närstående till nytta och på så sätt vara en hjälp i återhämtningen efter intensivvård. Brist på erfarenhet av uppgiften blev en utmaning, men genom interprofessionellt samarbete gavs möjlighet till avlastning, stöd och inspiration. Att skriva dagbok gav en känsla av uppskattning, reflektion och utveckling. Genom interprofessionellt samarbete kring uppgiften att skriva dagbok kan slutsatser dras att det kan komma patienter och närstående till nytta med en dagbok som skapar en helhet utifrån flera synvinklar. Genom att skriva dagbok sammanfattas dagen, vilket kan ge tid för eftertanke och reflektion. / During the winter of 2019-2020, the world was hit by a pandemic, the covid-19. During this upheaval period, many parts of the healthcare system was temporarily restructured to meet this new patient group. Intensive care was particularly affected as it was supposed to take care of this critically ill and vulnerable patient group. In order to be able to provide good care and relieve the intensive care staff, the function of supportive physician was introduced. Among other things, these were given responsibility for writing diaries for the patients. This is a task normally performed by intensive care nurses and assistant nurses. This study highlights the supportive physician's experience of writing a diary for patients treated for covid-19 in the intensive care unit during the pandemic. The study is done through qualitative design with an inductive approach consisting of interviews, with results based on thematic analysis. The results identified five themes: offering a story, the importance of collaboration, the importance of experience, humility in the face of responsibility and doing good. The result shows that it felt meaningful, valuable and responsible to create a context of the intensive care period that starting from the patient's perspective. To use comprehensible language in the writing was important. There was an ambition and desire on the part of the supportive physician to convey a story, with the aim of doing good by making the diary useful to patients and relatives and thus being a help in recovery after intensive care. Lack of experience with the task initially became a challenge, but interprofessional collaboration provided the opportunity for relief, support and inspiration. Journaling provided a sense of appreciation, reflection and development. Through interprofessional collaboration around the task of writing a diary, conclusions can be drawn that patients and relatives can benefit from a diary that creates a whole based on several points of view. By writing a diary, the day is summarized, which can give time for thought and reflection.

Данная магистерская диссертация посвящена изучению проявления феномена трансгрессии в романах современного американского писателя-постмодерниста Чака Паланика. Объектом исследования являются формы, особенности и приемы, которые можно охарактеризовать как трансгрессивные, в выбранных романах Чака Паланика. Научная новизна исследования заключается в новом подходе к исследованию творчества Чака Паланика, а именно обоснование характера его поэтики как трансгрессивной. Практическая ценность заключается в выявлении новых критериев трансгрессивной постмодернистской прозы, которые можно будет использовать при анализе текстов, а также в процессе преподавания для построения кусов по теории литературы и истории зарубежной литературы. На основании проведенного исследования были сделаны выводы о том, что герои, проблематика, сюжетные и структурные особенности романного творчества Чака Паланика соответствуют характеристикам трансгрессивной литературы и являются проявлениями поэтики трансгрессии. / This master's thesis is devoted to the study of the manifestation of the phenomenon of transgression in the novels of the contemporary American postmodernist writer Chuck Palahniuk. The object of the study is the forms, features and techniques that can be characterized as transgressive in the selected novels of Chuck Palahniuk. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a new approach to the study of the work of Chuck Palahniuk, namely the substantiation of the nature of his poetics as transgressive. The practical value lies in identifying new criteria for transgressive postmodern prose that can be used in the analysis of texts, as well as in the teaching process to build courses on literary theory and the history of foreign literature. Based on the study, it was concluded that the characters, issues, plot and structural features of Chuck Palahniuk’s novel work correspond to the characteristics of transgressive literature and are manifestations of the poetics of transgression.

The diploma thesis deals with analysis of linguistic meanings, content and graphic processing of fictional diaries for children and youth. The subject of the diploma thesis is the research expession means of selected titles from the point of view the sex of the fictitious writers of diaries and of the existence of characters in a given type of fictitious world. This is also related to find out what effect these means have on the apparent authenticity of the diaries. The theoretical part offers an overview of the overall development of literature for children and youth from the beginning to the present. The terms of the genre and diary are clarified in this part. The overview of contemporary genres and currently published titles are mentioned as well as their popularity at these days.

Sydkoreansk populärkultur konsumeras i dag i hela världen. Globaliseringen har lett till att internationella fans av sydkoreansk populärkultur blir fler och att internationella stjärnor får fler möjligheter att visa upp sig i Sydkorea. Eftersom interaktionerna mellan Sydkorea och omvärlden ökar bör vi undersöka hur sådana interkulturella möten fungerar. Med andra ord, vi måste studera hur människor interagerar via olika doxiska förutsättningar.  En växande ”variety”-genre inom nya sydkoreanska ”ontact”-eran är underhållningsprogram på YouTube där koreanska underhållningspersonligheter eller artister intervjuar andra stjärnor samt ofta konsumerar alkohol. Inom ”ontact”-genren blev YouTube-showen My Alcohol Diary, ledd av Lee Young Ji, snabbt populär. Denna uppsats studerar ett avsnitt ur My Alcohol Diary där den danska sångaren Christopher är gäst. Uppsatsen undersöker med hjälp av en topikanalys hur Lees och Christophers doxiska förutsättningar ser ut och uttrycks. Uttolkningen av videon kompletteras av fyra kommenterande texter om avsnittet, vilka bidrar med ytterligare ett internationellt åskådarperspektiv. Detta görs med hjälp av Ruth Amossys förståelse av doxa och LuMing Maos idé "rhetorical way-making". Uppsatsen kommer fram till att Lee och Christopher inom tre funna topiska kategorier - språk, ålder och hierarki, och relationer - konverserar via olika personor som syftar att skapa sig en etoshöjande personlighet. Samtalet ger upphov till doxiska gränser dem emellan, vilket syns tydligast i topikkategorin relationer. I konversationen, och i de kommenterande texternas, skapas en asymmetrisk maktrelation mellan de två genom de roller de tilldelsas och tar.  Problematiken av olikhet leder till att Lee och Christopher sätts i ett binärt system för att skilja dem från varandra även när de försöker förstå varandra. / South Korean popular culture has grown increasingly popular in the last few years. A rather unexplored genre within the newly defined south Korean genre “ontact” is the growing number of ”variety”-esque shows on YouTube. With the help of a doxic topoi analysis, this thesis explores the implications of the intercultural meeting between Lee Young Ji and Danish singer Christopher Lund Nissen on the show My Alcohol Diary. Four articles about the episode is also object of the study. This thesis uses Ruth Amossy's understanding of doxa and LuMing Mao's concept "rhetorical way-making". In the topic categories of language, age and hierarchy, and relationships, this thesis concludes that Christopher and Lee are made to represent their cultures even though their representation is hinged on the situation and their different backgrounds. The differences are played through personas which adds a layer of self-representation to the conversation. The relationship between the two is asymmetric in their cultural doxas.

This thesis analyses protagonist Elizabeth Bennet in Jane Austen’s book Pride and Prejudice (1813) and protagonist Bridget Jones in Helen Fielding’s book Bridget Jones' Diary (1996) from a gender theory perspective. I use a comparative method to analyse how two themes are portrayed in the books: family and marriage and education and career.  The study shows that Elizabeth, from a gender perspective, is controlled by the society and her family's expectations that she must marry a man of the right table. Bridget, on the other hand, lives in accordance to the patriarchal norm, but this seems rather appear on a more personal level. Regarding education and career it seems to have gone from seeing this as an important part of being a woman not just for herself personally but also for being more attractive for men, to an objective perspective where education seems to define your work ability instead of the woman herself.  The study, in a didactic point of view, can be useful for teachers to help their pupils to see how gender is constructed and deconstructed from time to time. The syllabus of the subject of Swedish gives opportunities for the pupils to discuss and maybe first and foremost problematize gender and equality in both a literary historical perspective and a personal way.

Cette étude porte sur la dimension intersubjective de la souffrance qui affecte le rapport du souffrant à son corps, au temps et à l’espace vécus de même que son identité narrative et sa mémoire narrative. Mon argument principal est que la voix narrative constitue le rapport intersubjectif dans les récits de maladie que les proches écrivent sur leurs partenaires souffrant de cancer de cerveau ou de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Ma discussion est basée sur l’éthique, la phénoménologie, les théories de l’incorporation, les études des récits de vie, la sociologie et l’anthropologie médicales et la narratologie. L’objet de mon étude est l’expérience incorporée de la souffrance dans les récits de maladie et je me concentre sur la souffrance comme perte de la mémoire et du soi narratif. J’analyse le journal How Linda Died de Frank Davey et les mémoires de John Bayley, Iris: A Memoir of Iris Murdoch et Iris and Her Friends: A Memoir of Memory and Desire. J’explore comment les récits de maladie constituent le rapport éthique à l’Autre souffrant de la rupture de la mémoire. La discussion de la voix est située dans le contexte des récits de vie et se propose de dépasser les limites des approches sociologiques et anthropologiques de la voix dans les récits de maladie. Dans ce sens, dans un premier temps je porte mon attention sur des études narratologiques de la voix en indiquant leurs limites. Ma propre définition de la voix narrative est basée sur l’éthique dans la perspective d’Emmanuel Levinas et de Paul Ricœur, sur l’interprétation du temps, de la mémoire et de l’oubli chez St-Augustin et la discussion levinasienne de la constitution intersubjective du temps. J’avance l’idée que la “spontanéité bienveillante” (Ricœur, Soi-même comme un autre 222) articule la voix narrative et l’attention envers l’Autre souffrant qui ne peut plus se rappeler, ni raconter sa mémoire. En reformulant la définition augustinienne du temps qui met en corrélation les modes temporels avec la voix qui récite, j’avance l’idée que la voix est distendue entre la voix présente de la voix présente, la voix présente de la voix passée, la voix présente de la voix future. Je montre comment la voix du soignant est inscrite par et s’inscrit dans les interstices d’une voix interrompue, souffrante. Je définis les récits de vies comme des interfaces textuelles entre le soi et l’Autre, entre la voix du soi et la voix du souffrant, comme un mode de restaurer l’intégrité narrative de l’Autre. / In this research I examine the intersubjective dimension of suffering which affects the relation of the sufferer to his/her lived body, time and space, as well as to his/her narrative identity and narrative memory. I argue that narrative voice constitutes the intersubjective relation in illness narratives that caregivers write about partners or spouses who suffered from brain cancer or Alzheimer’s disease. My discussion draws on ethics, phenomenology, theories of embodiment, life-narratives studies, medical anthropology and sociology, and narratological theory. The object of my study is the embodied, subjective experience of suffering in illness narratives and the main focus is cast on suffering as loss of memory and loss of the narrative self. I analyse Frank Davey’s diary How Linda Died, and John Bayley’s memoirs Iris: A Memoir of Iris Murdoch, and Iris and Her Friends: A Memoir of Memory and Desire. I explore how illness narratives as embodied stories constitute an ethical relation to the suffering Other who bears a lived impossibility of remembering. I situate the discussion of voice in the context of life-narratives and aim at filling in the theoretical gaps of sociological and anthropological approaches of voice in illness narratives. For this, I examine and question narratological studies of narrative voice and focalization. My own definition of narrative voice is based on Emmanuel Levinas’s and Paul Ricœur’s ethics, Saint Augustine’s interpretation of time, memory, and forgetfulness, and on Levinas’s discussion of time as intersubjective relation. I suggest that “spontanéité bienveillante” (Ricœur, Soi-même comme un autre 222) modulates narrative voice as the attention towards the suffering Other whose voice is silenced. Reformulating the Augustinian definition of time that correlates the temporal modes with the reciting voice, I suggest that through the ethical stance towards the Other, voice is distended between the present voice of voice present, the present voice of voice past and the present voice of voice future. I show how the voice of the caregiver is inscribed by and inscribes itself in the interstices of an interrupted, suffering voice. I define life-narratives as textual interfaces between the self and the Other, between one’s own voice and the sufferer’s voice, as a mode of restoring the Other’s narrative integrity.

À l’image des théories de la bande dessinée imprimée, la BD numérique est elle aussi accaparée par les analyses formalistes, dont la plus connue, celle de Scott McCloud, est critiquable, car elle réduit le média à un langage. Or, les mutations provoquées par la remédiation numérique ne sont pas uniquement formelles : l’expérience du lecteur, de l’auteur, et le rapport qu’ils entretiennent ensemble sont modifiés. Ce nouveau rapport influence le contenu des œuvres : on ne raconte pas la même chose dans le livre que sur Internet. L’autobiographie en BD, courant qui a explosé dans l’édition indépendante des années 1990, puis a été largement repris par les blogueurs, permet d’observer les différences de contenus et d’approches véhiculées par le livre et le numérique. Le dispositif du blogue propose un outil de liberté d’expression et de réflexion, mais les paramètres de son exécution (immédiateté, interactivité, désir de popularité, etc.) peuvent détourner cet objectif. Ainsi, beaucoup d’auteurs de blogues n’ont pas produit une autobiographie singulière, mais ont reproduit un courant de pensée existant (en exposant une libido fortement orientée vers la consommation) ainsi qu’un genre codifié, au sein duquel les autobiographies deviennent uniformes. Pour qualifier leurs blogues, on ne peut pas vraiment parler d’autobiographies, car ils ne mettent pas en scène un passé rétrospectif. Il s’agirait davantage de journaux intimes dont l’intimité est communiquée (ou publicisée) plutôt qu’expérimentée. Ce à quoi ces blogues ressemblent finalement le plus, c’est à une sorte de télé-réalité, une « bédé-réalité ». / Digital comics, like their printed counterparts, are heavily analyzed in a formalist approach: the most famous analysis, Scott McCloud's, could be criticized for it reduction of the media form to a language. But the changes that stem from the digital remediation aren't solely formal: the reader's experience, the author's, and the relation they share are all modified. This new relation changes the work's content: one doesn't tell the same thing in print and online. Autobiography in comics (a trend that exploded in the independent wave of the 90s and was later re-appropriated by bloggers) allows us to compare differences in approach between books and digital formats. The blog offers a tool for free speech and reflection, but at the same time diverts from such goals by the parameters of its execution (immediacy, interactivity, social networking, etc.). Indeed, many blog authors don't produce a singular autobiography as much as reproduce an existing trend (with a consumption-oriented libido) and a now-codified genre, in which autobiographies become uniform. Those blogs can't be completely considered as autobiographical anymore, as they don't tell of a retrospective past; they are more akin to personal diaries whose intimacy would be communicated (or publicized) instead of experienced. In that way, such blogs are closer to reality shows and could therefore be considered as a form of "reality comic".

When a new transport service is introduced, people have to learn and familiarize themselves with the new service before they decide to adopt it. These processes are developed over time, thus produce dynamics in individuals’ behavioural responses towards the service. This affects the demand of the new service, thus affect revenues. Available studies have examined the factors influencing these responses from microeconomic perspectives. The influence of the theory-based subjective factors has not been examined empirically. Understanding these would assist transport and urban planners to design a better marketing strategy to increase the market share of the new service. A change in seasons affect individuals’ activity-travel decisions, thus produce dynamics in activitytravel patterns in different seasons. Individuals’ constraints, in a form of mandatory activities (working/studying), are influencing individuals’ decisions to participate in day-to-day nonmandatory activities (leisure and routine activities). The interdependency between travel demand, time allocation and mode choice that considers interactions between mandatory and non-mandatory activities, in different seasons is less explored. Understanding these would assist transport planners and operators to manage travel demand strategies across different seasons of the year and provide better transportation systems for all individuals. This thesis includes five papers. Paper I explores individuals’ characteristics of the quick-response and the adopters of the new public transport (PT) service and examines the temporal effects. Paper II investigates the subjective factors influencing a quick-response to the new PT service by proposing a modified attitude-behaviour framework. Paper III and IV analyse the effects of seasonal variations and individuals’ constraints on their day-to-day activity-travel decisions and patterns. Paper V analyses the attrition and fatigue in the two-week travel diary panel survey instrument. / <p>QC 20170323</p>

L’objectif général de la thèse était d’élargir les connaissances scientifiques sur le sommeil des enfants. La thèse est composée de quatre articles empiriques. Le premier visait à estimer la validité de l’actigraphie comme mesure de sommeil chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire en la comparant à la polysomnographie, et à examiner si son emplacement influence sa validité. 12 enfants âgés de 2 à 5 ans ont porté simultanément un actigraphe à la cheville et un au poignet pendant une nuit d’enregistrement polysomnographique. Les résultats démontrent que l’actigraphie permet une bonne détection du sommeil, mais qu’elle détecte moins bien l’éveil. Cet article suggère également que les jeunes enfants nécessitent un algorithme adapté à leur niveau d’activité nocturne. Enfin, la validité de l'actigraphie semble similaire pour le poignet et la cheville. Le deuxième article visait à comparer trois mesures de sommeil souvent utilisées avec de jeunes enfants, soit les agendas de sommeil, l’échelle des problèmes de sommeil du Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) et l’actigraphie, afin de déterminer leurs similarités et leurs divergences quant aux variables de sommeil qui en sont dérivées. 80 familles ont participé à cette étude lorsque les enfants étaient âgés de 2 ans. Les enfants ont porté un actigraphe durant 72 heures consécutives et les mères ont complété un agenda de sommeil durant cette même période. Les deux parents ont aussi rempli le CBCL. Les résultats démontrent que ces mesures de sommeil évaluent des aspects différents du sommeil de l’enfant, et suggèrent une concordance particulièrement faible entre les mesures subjectives et objectives. Le troisième article visait à évaluer l’apport unique de la sécurité d’attachement dans la prédiction du sommeil de l’enfant. 62 dyades mère-enfant ont été rencontrées à deux reprises. La sécurité d’attachement et la dépendance ont été évaluées par observation à l’aide du Q-Sort d’attachement lorsque l’enfant avait 15 mois. À l’âge de 2 ans, les enfants ont porté un actigraphe durant 3 jours consécutifs. Les résultats indiquent que la sécurité d'attachement a une contribution unique à la prédiction de la durée du sommeil nocturne et de l'efficacité du sommeil nocturne. Ainsi, cette étude suggère que plus les enfants ont un attachement sécurisant envers leur mère, plus grandes sont la durée et la qualité de leur sommeil quelques mois plus tard. Le quatrième article visait à examiner la relation entre le sommeil et les comportements extériorisés. 64 familles ont participé à cette étude. À l’âge de 2 ans, les enfants ont porté un actigraphe durant 72 heures consécutives et les parents ont complété le CBCL. Lorsque les enfants étaient âgés de 4 ans, les parents ainsi que l’éducateur(trice) de garderie ont rempli le CBCL. Les résultats démontrent que le sommeil de l’enfant est associé aux comportements extériorisés concomitants et à l’augmentation de ceux-ci à travers le temps. Par ailleurs, les relations entre la qualité de sommeil et les comportements extériorisés étaient modérées par le sexe de l’enfant, c’est-à-dire significatives seulement chez les garçons. Les résultats des quatre articles sont finalement intégrés dans la discussion générale. / The overall objective of the thesis was to contribute to the expansion of the current state of knowledge on young children’s sleep. The thesis consists of four empirical articles. The first article compared the validity of three algorithms for detecting sleep with actigraphy by comparing them to polysomnography in preschoolers. The putative influence of device location (wrist or ankle) was also examined. 12 children aged 2 to 5 years simultaneously wore an actigraph on an ankle and a wrist during a night of polysomnography recording at home. The results showed that actigraphy generally provides good detection of sleep, but weaker detection of wakefulness. The article also suggests that young children require an algorithm adapted to their level of nocturnal motor activity. Finally, sleep variables derived from the ankle and wrist were not statistically different, suggesting that the validity of the actigraphy is not influenced by the location of the monitor. The second article examined associations between actigraphy, maternal sleep diaries, and the parent-completed Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) sleep items, which are instruments widely used by clinicians and researchers to assess sleep among young children. 80 middle-class families participated in this study when children were aged 2 years. Children wore an actigraph monitor for a 72-hour period and mothers completed a sleep diary during the same period. Both parents also completed the CBCL. The results show that these sleep measures assess different aspects of children’s sleep, and suggest a particularly low concordance between the subjective and objective sleep measures. The third article used objective measures of sleep and attachment to assess the longitudinal links between mother-child attachment security and subsequent sleep, while partialling out child dependency. 62 middle-class families were met twice. Security and dependency of attachment were assessed with the observer version of the Attachment Q-Sort when the child was 15 months. At the age of 2 years, children wore an actigraph monitor for a 72-hour period. Results indicated that children more securely attached to their mothers had higher nighttime sleep duration and efficiency, and these predictions were not confounded by child dependency. The aim of the fourth article was to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal relations between sleep and externalizing symptoms among young children. Sixty-four families were met twice. At the age of 2 years, children wore an actigraph monitor for a 72- hour period and both mothers and fathers completed the CBCL. When children were aged 4 years, both parents as well as the daycare educator filled the CBCL. The results show that child sleep is associated with concurrent externalizing symptoms and with an increase in externalizing symptoms over time. Associations between sleep efficiency and externalizing symptoms were moderated by child sex, such that links were only significant among boys. Finally, the results of the four articles are integrated into the general discussion.