Cette thèse étudie la condition féminine indienne et les prémices des différentes mutations opérées par la présence française en Inde, à la lumière du journal d’Ananda Ranga Pillai, Dubâsh pour le compte de la Compagnie française des Indes Orientales entre 1736 et 1761. Grâce à ses chroniques quotidiennes en cette époque décisive de la colonisation, observateur et acteur à la fois, le diariste témoigne d’un intérêt constant pour la gent féminine, loin des considérations romanesques. Il rend possible l’étude de la place et du rôle des femmes indiennes en politique sous le prisme de la guerre, la mise en évidence de leur implication dans la sphère socio-économique et les répercussions dans leur vie privée, apportant un éclairage interne plus global sur la société coloniale dans cette première moitié du XVIIIe siècle. / This thesis reviews the status of Indian women and the start of various changes under French rule in India, in light of the diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Dubâsh for the French East India Company, between 1736 and 1761. Through his daily chronicles in this decisive period of colonization, being both an observer and an actor, the diarist displays his constant concern for women, far from the romantic considerations. The study of the place and the role of the Indian women is made possible in the fields of politics through the lens of war, highlighting their involvement in the socio-economic sphere and its impact in their private life, by shedding a more internal light on global colonial society during this first half of the 18th century.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian Catarina Dias.pdf: 16086007 bytes, checksum: 6a5f546b854fa268d7eb63cefb940bd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Since childhood Charles Darwin showed an interest for the natural world. In his youth he developed that passion into an object of study travelling around the world onboard of The Beagle. The contact with unique species like the ones found in Galapagos Islands, the fossils discovered in South America, the experiences he lived and a extensive reseach during more than twenty years after his return to England made him think about a common link between the species, that lead him to publish The origin of species in 1859 and The expression of emotions in man and animals in 1872, along with other works and articles on the most diverse subjects, such as Diary of a naturalist around the world. In The origin of species he stated that the species are mutable and linked by the proccess of communion of ascendancy , fruits from the same tree of life. Forging the recreation of human history and its relocation in the natural world, the essays in The expression of emotions in man and animals widened the statement about the evolution of species pointing that humans share emotions and feelings with other species of animals. The implosion of the concept of human initiated with the darwinian facts opened new horizons for sciences such as anthropology to rethink the trajectory of the living beings and the borderlines between culture and animality. Notwithstanding, go beyond frontiers and enrich the critic, scientific, ethic and poetic repertoire is a really dificult task. Despite the relevance of the Darwinian Works, the contact with them is through indirect ways: cartoons, films and fiction, whose contents rarely approach the issue in all its depth / Desde a infância, Charles Darwin demonstrou interesse pelo mundo natural. Na juventude, transformou essa paixão em objeto de estudo viajando ao redor do mundo no navio Beagle. O contato com espécies únicas como as encontradas nas Ilhas Galápagos; os fósseis achados na América do Sul; as experiências adquiridas, e uma extensa pesquisa realizada por mais de vinte anos após o retorno à Inglaterra, levaram-no a pensar na filiação comum das espécies, desdobrando no lançamento de A origem das espécies (1859) e A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais (1872), além de outras obras e artigos sobre os mais variados assuntos, como o Diário de um naturalista à volta do mundo. Em A origem das espécies, enunciou que as espécies são mutáveis e vinculadas pelo processo da comunhão de descendência , frutos da mesma árvore da vida. Forjando a recriação da história humana e sua realocação no mundo natural, os estudos de A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais ampliaram o enunciado sobre a evolução das espécies, indicando que humanos compartilham emoções e sentimentos com outras espécies animais. A implosão do conceito de humano iniciada com os fatos darwinianos abriu outros horizontes para as ciências, incluindo a antropologia, repensarem a trajetória dos seres vivos e as fronteiras entre cultura e animalidade. Contudo, transpor limiares e enriquecer o repertório crítico, científico, ético, poético, mostra-se tarefa deveras espinhosa. Apesar da relevância das obras darwinianas, o contato com elas dá-se por vias indiretas: charges, filmes, ficção, cujos conteúdos, raramente, as abordam em todo seu alcance

Ce travail doctoral se situe dans le courant des approches comportementales en promotion des ventes. Les recherches antérieures ont omis de prendre en compte l’effet d’une variable importante, l’usage effectif des produits et des marques sur le comportement des consommateurs en matière de satisfaction et de fidélité. Dans cette thèse, nous analysons, dans le domaine de l’habillement, l’impact des dispositifs promotionnels et des soldes sur la satisfaction et la fidélité du consommateur, ainsi que le rôle médiateur de l’usage effectif des produits et des marques acquis par les consommateurs. En particulier, nous étudions l’effet direct du contexte d’acquisition, notamment en promotion, en soldes ou en outlet, sur la satisfaction du consommateur envers la transaction. De plus l’effet indirect de la fréquence d’usage des produits de la marque sur lien entre satisfaction et fidélité du consommateur est étudié. Afin de répondre à ces questions, un panel d’inventaire et d’usage, appartenant aux méthodes du journal personnel, a été mis en place afin de suivre les acquisitions et les usages des marques par des consommateurs. Nous mettons en évidence que si la satisfaction envers les transactions au bénéfice d’une marque influence négativement la fidélité, cet effet est compensé par la fréquence d’usage de la marque. Plus le consommateur est satisfait d’une transaction plus il utilise le produit et est enclin à être fidèle à la marque. En conclusion, certaines modalités du contexte d’acquisition dont les soldes et les ventes outlet présentent ainsi un potentiel de fidélisation du consommateur par la fréquence d’usage plus importante qui résulte de la satisfaction plus élevée dans ces contextes. / Within the behavioral research in sales promotion, the product and brand usage is almost never taken into account by researchers, in spite of its relevance as a mediating variable between sales promotion and satisfaction or loyalty. This research, applied to clothing, aims at studying the direct effect of the product acquisition context; and more specially the effect of a price discount, seasonal and outlet sales; on consumer transaction-Specific satisfaction. Moreover, the indirect effect of brand usage frequency on the link between satisfaction and customer loyalty is studied. To address these research questions we used a diary method study. This study aims to monitoring every week consumer’s purchases and clothing usage. Our results indicate that if the transaction-Specific satisfaction with a brand is negatively linked to consumer loyalty, it is compensated by increased brand usage frequency. The more a consumer is satisfied with the transaction, the more he uses the product and is likely to be loyal to the brand. Thus, as consumer transaction-Specific satisfaction is higher for purchases during seasonal sales or outlet sales than without these offers, it allows indirectly brands to build consumer loyalty.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os diários de escrita íntima constituem tipo de texto do domínio confessional. Apresentam narrativas pessoais com características específicas ao gênero, como datação, marcas de subjetividade, escrita informal e coloquialidade. Durante muitos anos, eram escritos em cadernos e guardados a sete chaves por seus autores para que não fossem lidos por outras pessoas. Por volta dos anos 80, surgiram as agendas de adolescentes. Aproveitando o modelo pré-definido industrialmente, as agendas eram preenchidas dia a dia, como um diário, mas com a novidade do acréscimo de elementos semióticos, como fotos, papéis de bala, recortes de revistas, entre outros. Além disso, traziam como diferencial a presença de um leitor participativo: os textos eram compartilhados com amigos, e bilhetes e comentários eram escritos nas páginas das agendas. Com o advento da Internet, o diário e a agenda se fundem no blog que aproveita os recursos do suporte virtual para tornar o gênero interativo, hipertextual e multimídia, acentuando o processo de leitura e de escrita nos jovens produtores de blogs. Paralelamente, a escrita se torna grande ferramenta de comunicação no ambiente virtual, adquirindo características peculiares em função da rapidez na comunicação e da economia de digitação. A partir da teoria de Bakthin sobre gêneros do discurso e do conceito de gêneros digitais de Marcuschi, a pesquisa apresenta como objeto perceber e elencar categorias pertinentes aos gêneros diário e blog para analisá-las e compará-las, na intenção de mapear um possível percurso dos diários aos blogs de adolescentes, discutindo o contraste público-privado na escrita íntima, bem como suas principais marcas linguísticas, percebendo vantagens e desvantagens de sua utilização como ferramenta auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem da escrita e da leitura de Língua Portuguesa. A pesquisa foi motivada pela discussão de que a escrita digital pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento da produção textual de jovens em formação, o que não se confirmou, visto que a estrutura sintática da língua se mantém, e que a variação acontece apenas no nível vocabular, não interferindo na comunicação. Os resultados apontam para a utilização de blogs na educação como complementação do material pedagógico e como incentivo à leitura, à escrita, à construção da argumentação e do posicionamento crítico, aproximando a escola da vida cotidiana dos estudantes / Intimate writing diaries represent a text of a confessional nature. They show personal narratives with specific characteristics of the genre, with dates, subjective marks, informal writing and colloquialism. For years they were written in notebooks and locked up and hidden by the authors so no one else would read them. Around the 80s, the adolescent planners came out. Using an industrially predefined model, the planners were filled out every day as a diary, but included new semiotic elements, such as photos, candy wraps, magazine clips, among others. They also differed in the presence of a participative reader: the texts were shared with friends, and notes and comments were written in the planner pages. With the arrival of the Internet, the diary and planner merged into the blog, which uses virtual resources to become an interactive, hypertext, and multimedia genre, emphasizing the reading and writing process for young blog producers. At the same time, writing is the major communication tool in the virtual environment, acquiring peculiar characteristics due to a faster communication and less typing. According to Bakthins theory on the discourse genres and Marcuschis digital genre concept, the purpose of this study is to perceive and bring out categories inherent to the diary and blog genres to analyze and compare them with the purpose of mapping a potential route for planners and blogs of teenagers, discussing the public-private contrast in intimate writing as well as their main linguistic features, noticing the advantages and disadvantages of their use as an auxiliary tool in the learning process of writing and reading in the Portuguese language. The study was motivated by the debate that digital writing can harm the development of text production of young adults, which was not observed, since the syntax structure is maintained and the variation occurs in the vocabulary, which doesnt interfere with communication. The results point at the use of blogs in education as a supplement to the learning material and as an incentive to reading, writing, building critical argumentation and standpoint, bringing the students closer to the daily school of life

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the available time management tools to evaluate the market and that are used in practice and most popular. The first part describes the existing principles of time and perception of time in terms of individuals and groups. A separate subsection is devoted to defining the concept of time management and description of the generations of time management. The second part is no longer specifically mentioned time management tools available on the Czech market. They are divided into two categories, and the devices used to control the time and the methods and principles of time management. The third part focuses on the evaluation questionnaires, which aimed to determine the use and popularity of time management tools. Specific findings and evaluation are summarized in the final part of the work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian Catarina Dias.pdf: 16086007 bytes, checksum: 6a5f546b854fa268d7eb63cefb940bd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Since childhood Charles Darwin showed an interest for the natural world. In his youth he developed that passion into an object of study travelling around the world onboard of The Beagle. The contact with unique species like the ones found in Galapagos Islands, the fossils discovered in South America, the experiences he lived and a extensive reseach during more than twenty years after his return to England made him think about a common link between the species, that lead him to publish The origin of species in 1859 and The expression of emotions in man and animals in 1872, along with other works and articles on the most diverse subjects, such as Diary of a naturalist around the world. In The origin of species he stated that the species are mutable and linked by the proccess of communion of ascendancy , fruits from the same tree of life. Forging the recreation of human history and its relocation in the natural world, the essays in The expression of emotions in man and animals widened the statement about the evolution of species pointing that humans share emotions and feelings with other species of animals. The implosion of the concept of human initiated with the darwinian facts opened new horizons for sciences such as anthropology to rethink the trajectory of the living beings and the borderlines between culture and animality. Notwithstanding, go beyond frontiers and enrich the critic, scientific, ethic and poetic repertoire is a really dificult task. Despite the relevance of the Darwinian Works, the contact with them is through indirect ways: cartoons, films and fiction, whose contents rarely approach the issue in all its depth / Desde a infância, Charles Darwin demonstrou interesse pelo mundo natural. Na juventude, transformou essa paixão em objeto de estudo viajando ao redor do mundo no navio Beagle. O contato com espécies únicas como as encontradas nas Ilhas Galápagos; os fósseis achados na América do Sul; as experiências adquiridas, e uma extensa pesquisa realizada por mais de vinte anos após o retorno à Inglaterra, levaram-no a pensar na filiação comum das espécies, desdobrando no lançamento de A origem das espécies (1859) e A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais (1872), além de outras obras e artigos sobre os mais variados assuntos, como o Diário de um naturalista à volta do mundo. Em A origem das espécies, enunciou que as espécies são mutáveis e vinculadas pelo processo da comunhão de descendência , frutos da mesma árvore da vida. Forjando a recriação da história humana e sua realocação no mundo natural, os estudos de A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais ampliaram o enunciado sobre a evolução das espécies, indicando que humanos compartilham emoções e sentimentos com outras espécies animais. A implosão do conceito de humano iniciada com os fatos darwinianos abriu outros horizontes para as ciências, incluindo a antropologia, repensarem a trajetória dos seres vivos e as fronteiras entre cultura e animalidade. Contudo, transpor limiares e enriquecer o repertório crítico, científico, ético, poético, mostra-se tarefa deveras espinhosa. Apesar da relevância das obras darwinianas, o contato com elas dá-se por vias indiretas: charges, filmes, ficção, cujos conteúdos, raramente, as abordam em todo seu alcance

Objectifs - Les changements dans le monde du travail ont entraîné une augmentation de l’insécurité de l’emploi perçue chez les travailleurs, avec des conséquences négatives sur leur bien-être. Cette thèse vise à contribuer à la littérature sur l’insécurité de l’emploi en présentant trois études portant sur des aspects qui doivent être étudiés davantage : les expériences personnelles et subjectives d’insécurité, ses conséquences sur certains résultats de bien-être général, les ressources et les stratégies de coping pour y faire face comme facteurs qui peuvent réduire les perceptions et les conséquences de l’insécurité de l’emploi. Méthodologie - Les données ont été recueillies au moyen d’une approche multi-méthode, consistant en : une étude qualitative par entretiens biographiques, une étude quantitative par questionnaire auto-compilé et une étude par journaux de bord. Résultats - Dans l’ensemble, les résultats montrent que l’insécurité de l’emploi est une perception subjective et que les personnes dans la même situation peuvent rapporter différents niveaux d’insécurité. Les facteurs liés à la capacité des personnes à activer les ressources, personnelles et contextuelles, et à mettre en place des stratégies de coping efficaces contribuent à déterminer les niveaux d’insécurité perçus et ses conséquences sur le bien-être général et les trajectoires de vie. Limites – En général au niveau méthodologique les trois études ne permettent pas d’établir la direction de la relation entre les variables observées, elles utilisent des mesures d’auto-évaluation et une méthode d’échantillonnage de convenance. Implications pratiques - Les résultats de cette thèse encouragent le développement de l’accompagnement individuel et de l’orientation professionnelle et des pratiques d’assistance afin d’aider les personnes: a) à réfléchir sur leurs objectifs personnels et de travail; b) à identifier les meilleurs moyens d’activer les ressources personnelles et contextuelles; c) à élaborer des stratégies d’adaptation efficaces pour faire face à l’insécurité de l’emploi, aux transitions professionnelles et préserver leur bien-être. / Purpose – The changes in the labour market have led to an increase in perceived job insecurity among workers, with negative consequences on their wellbeing. This thesis aims to contribute to the literature on job insecurity by presenting three studies that deepen several aspects that need to be explored further: the personal and subjective experiences of job insecurity, its consequences on some general wellbeing outcomes, resources and coping strategies as factors that may reduce job insecurity perceptions and consequences. Design/Methodology – Data were collected through a multi-method approach, consisting of a qualitative study through biographical interviews, a quantitative study through a self-reported questionnaire and a diary-study. Results – Overall, findings show that job insecurity is a subjective perception and that people in the same situation can report different levels of insecurity. Factors related to the ability of people to activate resources, personal and contextual, and to put in place effective coping strategies contribute to determine to what extent job insecurity is perceived and its consequences on general well-being and trajectories in life. Limitations – Limitations of this thesis concern the methodology: in general, the three studies do not allow to state any direction of causality between the studied variables, they all use self-reported measures and a convenience sampling method. Practical implications – The results of this thesis encourage the development of practices of career support and career guidance, at individual level, in order to help people: a) to reflect on their personal and professional goals; b) to identify their best ways to activate personal and contextual resources; c) to develop effective coping strategies to address job insecurity, work transitions and to preserve their well-being. / Obiettivi – I cambiamenti avvenuti nel mondo del lavoro hanno determinato nei lavoratori un aumento dell’insicurezza lavorativa percepita, con conseguenze negative sul loro benessere. Questa tesi si propone di contribuire alla letteratura sull’insicurezza lavorativa presentando tre studi che indagano alcuni aspetti che necessitano approfondimento: i vissuti personali e le esperienze soggettive d’insicurezza, le sue conseguenze su alcuni risultati di benessere generale, le risorse e le strategie di coping come fattori che possono ridurre le percezioni e le conseguenze dell’insicurezza lavorativa. Metodologia – I dati sono stati raccolti attraverso un approccio multi-metodo, composto da uno studio qualitativo tramite interviste biografiche, uno studio quantitativo tramite questionari auto-compilati e un diary-study. Risultati – Nell’insieme i risultati evidenziano che l’insicurezza lavorativa è una percezione soggettiva e che persone nella stessa situazione possono riportare diversi livelli d’insicurezza. Fattori legati alla capacità delle persone di attivare risorse, personali e contestuali, e di mettere in atto strategie di coping efficaci concorrono nel determinare i livelli d’insicurezza lavorativa percepita e le sue conseguenze su benessere generale e traiettorie di vita. Limiti – I limiti di questa tesi riguardano la metodologia: in generale tutti e tre gli studi non permettono di affermare la direzione di casualità tra le variabili osservate, utilizzano misure self-report e un metodo di campionamento di convenienza. Implicazioni pratiche – I risultati di questa tesi incoraggiano la messa a punto di interventi e pratiche di sostegno e orientamento alla carriera, a livello individuale, in modo da aiutare le persone: a) a riflettere sui loro obiettivi personali e di lavoro b) ad identificare i modi migliori per attivare risorse personali e contestuali c) a mettere a punto strategie di coping efficaci per affrontare l’insicurezza lavorativa, le transizioni lavorative e preservare il proprio benessere.

This thesis investigates how Victor Turner’s concept of ‘cultural performance’ can be used to explore and analyse the experience of film. Drawing on performance theory, hermeneutics, phenomenology and Bakhtin’s dialogism, Sections One and Two develop this investigation through a theoretic discussion which relates and yet distinguishes between three levels of ‘performance’ in film: filmmaking performance, performances as text and cultural performances. The theory is grounded within four films which were researched for this thesis: Once Were Warriors (Lee Tamahori, 1994), Rats in the Ranks (Bob Connolly and Robin Anderson,1996), beDevil (Tracey Moffatt, 1993) and Link-Up Diary (David MacDougall, 1987). Section Three undertakes the close analyses of the latter two films. These analyses address specific cultural performances that are performed ‘across’ cultures and which are concerned particularly with Australian society’s relationship with indigenous Australians. ¶ Section One locates Turner’s concept of ‘cultural performance’ within his wider theory of ‘social drama’ and introduces the three-tiered mode of analysis which is developed throughout this thesis. His concept of ‘liminality’ is also investigated in order to consider specific relationships between performances which take place in film and theatre. Performances which take place in film are located in this Section within the theatrical understanding of performance as ‘for an audience’. I describe this relationship between performances in film and theatre through Kristeva’s interpretation of Bakhtin’s concept of heteroglossia as intertextuality, especially through her distinction of a ‘transformative’ intertextuality. Three specific concepts from theatre and performance theory are interrogated for their relevance to film theory: 1. Brecht’s theory of ‘gest’, 2. ‘direct address to the audience’ in relation to the ‘gaze’ in film and 3. Rebecca Schneider’s conceptualisation of ‘the performance artist’. ¶ Using these three tropes of performance, Section Two develops a theory of performance in film. Besides Turner’s concept of ‘cultural performance’, this theory draws on aspects of several other substantial bodies of work. These works include Richard Schechner’s performance theory, Michael Taussig’s understanding of ‘mimesis’, Vivian Sobchack’s phenomenology of film, Paul Ricoeur’s theory of text ‘as meaningful action’, Gadamer’s concept of ‘meaningful play’, Bakhtin’s conceptualisation of a ‘dialogic’ text and Catherine Bell’s theory of ‘ritualised behaviour’. The two analyses in Section Three do not rigidly follow the three-tiered process of analysis which is developed in the previous two Sections. They rather focus on the films as sites for particular cultural performances which are specific for each film and which need for their description, different aspects of the theory that is offered through this thesis. These analyses especially draw on my interpretation of David MacDougall’s ‘transcultural cinema’ and Jodi Brook’s conceptualisation of a ‘gestural practice’ in film, which she positions both in terms of Brecht’s theatrical concept of ‘gest’ and Walter Benjamin’s concept of the ‘shock’ of modernity. ¶ The film analyses are of one fiction film, beDevil, and one non-fiction film, Link-Up Diary. Both films use audiovisual images of Aboriginal Australians as content. According the terms of this thesis, these people must also be considered as filmmakers. Although this role may constitute varying degrees of authority and power, a film analysis which considers the filmmaking roles of people whose images are present in the filmic text also allows a particular consideration of the social relationships which exist between people who ‘film’ and people who ‘are filmed’. My focus on the cultural performances of these two films allowed an even closer description of this relationship for two reasons. Firstly, both Moffatt and MacDougall respectively present their own images in the films. Secondly, my analyses of these films as cultural performance draw out and describe the different ways in which the two films address the same ‘social drama’: the relationship between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. My analyses expose how a description of these differences in address can extend beyond the distinction between one film as ‘fiction’ and the other as ‘non-fiction’ towards a description of the different ways in which people relate to each other, at both the individual level and at the level of society, through the production and reception of a particular film. While locating these films as cultural performances within in particular sets of social relationships, my consideration of film in this thesis in terms of theatrical performance also enables a description of the experience of film which draws on the social experience of live theatre. The theory developed in this thesis and its application in the analyses of these two films suggest further areas of research which might look more closely at whether or not, or how much people draw from the social practices of live theatre as they live their lives with film – a signifying practice which has existed just over one hundred years.

Pour favoriser la réflexion sur la pratique professionnelle, nous avons proposé à des futurs enseignants en stage d'utiliser un journal de bord au départ de consignes semi-structurées. Notre intention est d'identifier les traces de réflexion dans les journaux de bord et de différencier son utilisation par trois caractéristiques individuelles: l'anxiété, la perception d'efficacité personnelle et le rapport à l'écrit du futur enseignant. Notre thèse développe dans la partie théorique le premier chapitre sur le journal de bord parmi les dispositifs de formation favorisant la réflexion sur la pratique, le deuxième chapitre sur la notion de réflexion sur la pratique et plus particulièrement sur le modèle métacognitif de réflexion de McAlpine et ses collègues (1999, 2001) et le troisième chapitre sur les trois variables individuelles mesurées. La partie empirique développe la méthodologie utilisée, à savoir que cette recherche exploiratoire, visant l'induction d'hypothèses, décrit les trois étapes de la démarche d'analyse de contenus des journaux de bord(recueil, exploitation et transformation des données qualitatives avec traitement quantitatif)en lien avec les questions de recherche et explique la construction et la validation des trois quesitonnaires mesurant les caractéristiques individuelles. Cette partie s'achève par le chapitre des résultats et des discussions. Parmi les 96 futurs enseignants, 45 d'entre eux ont réalisé leur journal de bord. Différents contenus ont été identifiés dont de la réflexion sur la pratique. A partir du modèle de McAlpine et al., nous avons essentiellement trouvé des passages de description de l'action et des passages d'évaluation de l'action. Une typologie des journaux de bord et de la réflexion a été obtenue par une analyse en clusters. Au moyen de corrélations de Kendall, nous avons pu observé une relation positive entre le rapport à l'écrit de l'enseignant et l'appropriation du journal de bord et une relation négative entre la perception d'efficacité personnelle et le composant d'évaluation de l'action. Aucune relation n'a été obtenue avec la variable d'anxiété. POur conclure, de nouvelles hypothèses de recherche ont été formulées ainsi que les apports et les limites de cette recherche.

Pour favoriser la réflexion sur la pratique professionnelle, nous avons proposé à des futurs enseignants en stage d'utiliser un journal de bord au départ de consignes semi-structurées. Notre intention est d'identifier les traces de réflexion dans les journaux de bord et de différencier son utilisation par trois caractéristiques individuelles: l'anxiété, la perception d'efficacité personnelle et le rapport à l'écrit du futur enseignant. Notre thèse développe dans la partie théorique le premier chapitre sur le journal de bord parmi les dispositifs de formation favorisant la réflexion sur la pratique, le deuxième chapitre sur la notion de réflexion sur la pratique et plus particulièrement sur le modèle métacognitif de réflexion de McAlpine et ses collègues (1999, 2001) et le troisième chapitre sur les trois variables individuelles mesurées. La partie empirique développe la méthodologie utilisée, à savoir que cette recherche exploiratoire, visant l'induction d'hypothèses, décrit les trois étapes de la démarche d'analyse de contenus des journaux de bord(recueil, exploitation et transformation des données qualitatives avec traitement quantitatif)en lien avec les questions de recherche et explique la construction et la validation des trois quesitonnaires mesurant les caractéristiques individuelles. Cette partie s'achève par le chapitre des résultats et des discussions. Parmi les 96 futurs enseignants, 45 d'entre eux ont réalisé leur journal de bord. Différents contenus ont été identifiés dont de la réflexion sur la pratique. A partir du modèle de McAlpine et al., nous avons essentiellement trouvé des passages de description de l'action et des passages d'évaluation de l'action. Une typologie des journaux de bord et de la réflexion a été obtenue par une analyse en clusters. Au moyen de corrélations de Kendall, nous avons pu observé une relation positive entre le rapport à l'écrit de l'enseignant et l'appropriation du journal de bord et une relation négative entre la perception d'efficacité personnelle et le composant d'évaluation de l'action. Aucune relation n'a été obtenue avec la variable d'anxiété. POur conclure, de nouvelles hypothèses de recherche ont été formulées ainsi que les apports et les limites de cette recherche.