The thesis on The process of implementing modern information technologies in public administration with a focus on the Police of the Czech Republic deals with the progressive modernization of the administrative processes at Police of the Czech Republic. It describes and analyzes a particular example of the implementation of new electronic system called Evidence of Criminal Proceedings. Until now used method of evidence called the Diary of a criminal case files was mainly based on the principle of keeping paper documents in each part of organization. This thesis trying to compare the previously used system with newly introduced system and also makes reference to the various implementation models, which could be possible used during the introduction of an information system Evidence of Criminal Proceedings. The thesis presents three possible models of implementation. During the introduction, from 2003 until now, the Police of the Czech Republic used a combination of two of the three options. Furthermore you will find a description, analysis and assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of information systems, these systems compare with each other with view the involvement of various participants, staff and financial performance, efficiency, etc. The theoretical approach of this study is the...

L’objectif général de la thèse était d’accroitre les connaissances empiriques sur le sommeil des enfants mesuré par actigraphie au sein de la population générale. Le premier article visait à étudier la possibilité d’utiliser dans les études des données d’actigraphie pour lesquelles un agenda de sommeil ne serait pas disponible pour guider la cotation des données. L’échantillon était formé de 60 enfants âgés entre 6 et 10 ans qui ont porté un actigraphe pendant 3 à 7 jours et dont leurs mères ont complété un agenda de sommeil pour la même période. Les données d’actigraphie ont été analysées en utilisant deux conditions de cotation (avec et sans agenda). Les résultats suggèrent que les deux conditions mènent à des résultats similaires, pratiquement identiques au niveau de groupe, quoi que pas interchangeables au niveau intra-individuel. L’article permet de recommander une utilisation parcimonieuse des données d’actigraphie analysées sans agenda de sommeil auprès d’enfants d’âge scolaire. Le deuxième article avait pour objectif d’étudier les patrons développementaux de sommeil au cours de la période préscolaire. L’échantillon était composé de 128 enfants qui ont porté un actigraphe à 2, 3 et 4 ans et pour qui les courbes de croissance de cinq indices de sommeil ont été modélisées à l’aide d’analyses multi-niveaux. Les résultats ont démontré une diminution linéaire de la durée de sommeil de nuit, de jour et de la durée totale sur 24 heures, ainsi qu’une augmentation linéaire du pourcentage de sommeil ayant lieu durant la nuit et de l’efficacité du sommeil. Cette étude permet de confirmer que des changements développementaux se produisent au niveau de plusieurs indices de sommeil au cours de la période préscolaire et de fournir des repères quantitatifs quant à ce qui est attendu au niveau de ces changements. Le troisième article visait à étudier la relation père-enfant en tant que potentiel prédicteur des différences interindividuelles dans les courbes de croissance de sommeil au cours de la période préscolaire. Pour 67 enfants, les courbes de croissance de sommeil entre 2 et 4 ans ont été estimées et la qualité des interactions père-enfant ainsi que l’orientation mentale paternelle (tendance du père à commenter les états mentaux présumés de l'enfant) ont été mesurées par observation à 18 mois. Le père a aussi complété un questionnaire évaluant son niveau d’implication auprès de son enfant lorsque celui-ci avait 2 ans. Les résultats n’ont démontré aucune association significative entre les paramètres des courbes de croissance de sommeil et le degré d’implication paternelle ou la qualité des interactions père-enfant. Cependant, les enfants dont le père émettait plus de commentaires appropriés sur leurs états mentaux à 18 mois avaient une plus grande proportion de sommeil durant la nuit ainsi qu’une plus courte durée de sommeil de jour et totale sur 24 heures à 2 ans. Par ailleurs, ces enfants présentaient par la suite des changements moins rapides sur ces variables de sommeil entre 2 et 4 ans. Ainsi, l’article 3 permet de conclure que les enfants exposés à un plus haut niveau d’orientation mentale paternelle semblent atteindre des patrons de sommeil plus matures plus tôt dans leur développement. / The overall objective of this thesis was to contribute new empirical knowledge on children's sleep assessed using actigraphy among typically-developing children. The first article aimed to investigate the possibility for studies to use actigraphic data for which a sleep diary would not be available to guide the scoring of the data. The sample was composed of 60 children aged 6 to 10 years who wore an actigraph for 3 to 7 days and whose mothers completed a sleep diary for the same period. Actigraphic data were analyzed using two scoring conditions (with and without diary). The results suggest that the two conditions lead to similar results, virtually identical at the group level, but not interchangeable at the intra-individual level. This paper leads to the recommendation of parsimonious use of actigraphic data analyzed without a sleep diary. The second article aimed to study the developmental patterns of sleep in the preschool period. The sample included 128 children who wore an actigraph at 2, 3, and 4 years of age and for which the growth curves of five sleep indices were modeled using multi-level analyses. The results demonstrated a linear decrease in nighttime, daytime and 24-hour total sleep duration as well as a linear increase in the proportion of sleep taking place during the night and in sleep efficiency. This study confirms that developmental changes occur in several sleep variables during the preschool period and helps to provide quantitative points of reference regarding these changes. The third article aimed to examine different aspects of the father-child relationship as potential predictors of inter-individual differences in sleep growth curves during the preschool period. For 67 children, sleep growth curves between 2 and 4 years were estimated and the quality of father-child interactions as well as paternal mind-mindedness (fathers’ tendency to comment on child’s presumed mental states) were assessed by observation at 18 months. Fathers also completed a questionnaire assessing their involvement with their child at the age of 2 years. The results showed no significant association between sleep growth curves parameters and the degree of father involvement or the quality of father-child interactions. However, children whose fathers made more appropriate comments about their mental states at 18 months had a higher proportion of nighttime sleep as well as shorter daytime sleep duration and shorter 24-hour total duration at 2 years. In addition, these children subsequently exhibited less rapid changes in these sleep variables between 2 and 4 years. This paper suggests that children exposed to higher levels of paternal mind-mindedness appear to achieve more mature sleep patterns earlier in their development.

[pt] Este trabalho se insere no campo do design social e do design emocional, abordagens voltadas para questões globais complexas e de ordem subjetiva, respectivamente. Ele compreende que o envelhecimento populacional demanda ações para contribuir com a participação social e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo refletir e aprimorar atividade nomeada Livro Criativo (LC), idealizada pelo autor para idosos e com comprovados benefícios, com vistas a transformá-la em serviço a ser oferecido em maior escala. O LC consiste em encontros mediados por diários gráficos, nos quais os idosos são orientados a expressar seus sentimentos e ideias com base em temas propostos pelo tutor com participação do grupo. Para facilitar a autoexpressão prioriza-se o uso de imagens e de recursos como colagem, desenho, pintura e escrita. Esse trabalho apresenta relato da origem e desenvolvimento do LC; dados e reflexões sobre envelhecimento populacional, práticas diarísticas e a filosofia do diálogo de Martin Buber, buscando enfatizar a importância das relações pessoais na velhice; e relato de oficina intensiva realizada para ensaio de sistematização do LC com participação de cinco pessoas. Concluiu-se que o LC se apresenta como suporte físico de histórias de vida, valores, sentimentos, atitudes e perspectivas diante da vida, contribuindo, assim, para a exploração da identidade e a renovação da sociabilidade do público sênior. Apresenta-se ainda como suporte de memória e importante fonte de investigação sobre longevidade sob a perspectiva dos idosos. / [en] This work is inserted in the field of social design and emotional design that address complex and subjective global issues respectively. It comprehends that population aging demands actions to contribute to the social participation and quality of life of the elderly. In this sense, this research aimed to reflect and improve an activity called Creative Book (CB), idealized by the author for the elderly and with proven benefits, with a view to transforming it into a service to be offered on a larger scale. The CB consists of meetings mediated by graphic diaries, in which the elderlies are instructed to express their feelings and ideas based on themes proposed by the tutor with the participation of the group. To facilitate self-expression, the use of images and resources such as collage, drawing, painting and writing is prioritized. This work presents an account of the origin and development of the CB; data and reflections on population aging, diary practices and Martin Buber s philosophy of dialogue, seeking to emphasize the importance of personal relationships in old age; and report of an intensive workshop held for the systematization of the CB with the participation of five people. It was concluded that the CB presents itself as a physical support of life stories, values, feelings, attitudes and perspectives regarding life, thus contributing to the exploration of identity and the renewal of sociability of the senior public. It also presents itself as a memory support and an important source of research on longevity from the perspective of the elderly.

Ce projet de maîtrise portera sur le Journal intime (1984) de Nicole Brossard, une œuvre singulière et peu connue de cette autrice majeure de la littérature féministe québécoise. Dans Journal intime, deux mécanismes animent le texte : la construction d'un sujet féminin écrivant et l'édification d'une communauté d'écrivaines sororales autour de la diariste. En brossant un portrait historique et esthétique de « l'écriture au féminin » (Boisclair, 1984 ; Lamy, 1984 ; Smart, 1988), j'examinerai la façon dont Journal intime s'inscrit dans l'œuvre de Brossard et, plus largement, dans le paysage littéraire et féministe québécois. En m'appuyant sur des notions de la poétique des genres (Auger, 2017 ; Hébert, 1983) et sur l'histoire des pratiques du journal intime au féminin (Didier, 1976 ; Roey- Roux, 1983), j'étudierai la façon dont Brossard utilise ou détourne les codes génériques et les pratiques conventionnelles du genre diaristique pour se construire une identité de sujet féminin écrivant, afin de transmettre son expérience sensible du monde. Je m'intéresserai également, à partir des notions de liminarité (Biron, 2000) et de sororité (Delaume, 2019 ; Ledoux-Beaugrand, 2013) à la manière dont se constitue dans le Journal intime une communauté de créatrices, basée sur la solidarité littéraire, artistique et politique. Dans une visée féministe, Brossard inscrit sa pratique d'écriture dans ce que Lori Saint- Martin appelle le « métaféminisme », mouvement des années 1980 au Québec, particulièrement en littérature, qui se propose de « réécrire les métarécits patriarcaux » (Saint-Martin, 1992). J'avance l'hypothèse qu'en construisant une communauté de femmes et une filiation intellectuelle horizontale (Biron, 2000) plutôt que verticale, Brossard participe à la réécriture des métarécits patriarcaux de la société québécoise en y inscrivant un récit collectif féminin, voire féministe, à la fois individuel et collectif, ancré dans cette communauté intellectuelle féminine. Il s'agira de montrer comment, dans le journal de Brossard, l'individuel peut s'allier à la communauté, comment l'intime peut servir de tremplin vers le collectif et le social, afin de comprendre ce que cette ouverture implique pour le « féminin » et les « femmes » dans la société québécoise. / This master's thesis will focus on Nicole Brossard's Journal Intime (1984), a singular and little-known work by this major author of Quebec feminist literature. In Journal Intime, two mechanisms animate the text: the construction of a female subject and the building of a community of sororal writers around the diarist. By painting a historical and aesthetic portrait of “feminine writing” (Boisclair, 1984; Lamy, 1984; Smart, 1988), I will examine how Journal Intime fits into the work of Brossard and, more broadly, into the literary and feminist landscape of Quebec. Based on notions of genre poetics (Auger, 2017; Hébert, 1983) and on the history of feminine diary practices (Didier, 1976; Roey-Roux, 1983), I will study the way Brossard uses or diverts the generic codes and conventional practices of the diaristic genre to build an identity as a female subject writing, in order to transmit her sensitive experience of the world. I will also be interested, based on the notions of liminarity (Biron, 2000) and sisterhood (Delaume, 2019; Ledoux-Beaugrand, 2013), in the way in which a community of creators is constituted in the Journal Intime, based on literary, artistic and political solidarity. In a feminist perspective, Brossard inscribes her writing practice in what Lori Saint- Martin calls “metafeminism”, a movement of the 1980s in Quebec, particularly in literature, which proposes to “rewrite patriarchal meta-narratives” (Saint-Martin, 1992). I put forward the hypothesis that by building a community of women and a horizontal (Biron, 2000) rather than vertical intellectual filiation, Brossard participates in the rewriting of the patriarchal meta-narratives of Quebec society by inscribing a collective feminine, even a feminist narrative, both individual and collective, rooted in this female intellectual community. The aim will be to show how, in Brossard's Journal intime, how the individual can unite with the community, how the intimate can serve as a springboard towards the collective and the social, in order to understand what this openness implies for the “feminine” and “women” in Quebec society.

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本文試圖將日程紀錄法的研究典範應用於憂鬱的心理病理研究，聚焦於兩研究問題：（一）探討個體的憂鬱症狀與其日常生活正/負向情感傾向的關係，以及該正/負向情感傾向如何影響其每日的正/負向想法；（二）根據「素質-壓力模式」的觀點，探討個體於日常生活中展現的情感傾向與認知特性，在控制住基準點的憂鬱症狀後，是否仍可顯著預測個體處於壓力狀態的憂鬱症狀。93名大學生完整參與本研究，問卷評估包括基準點的憂鬱症狀、日程紀錄期間的每日正/負向情感與正/負向想法、以及其期中考期間的憂鬱症狀。研究顯示憂鬱個體展現較低的正向情感傾向與較強的負向情感傾向，而個體的正/負向情感傾向與狀態可顯著預測其正/負向想法，且情感傾向與狀態對想法存在顯著的交互作用；另外，個體於日常生活展現的平均負向想法與正向情感傾向，在控制住基準點的症狀後，仍可顯著預測其處於壓力的憂鬱症狀。最後，我們則探討本研究對心理病理與治療的意涵。 / The authors attempted using diary method paradigm to study psychopathology of depression. The study focused on two questions: (1) explore the relationship between individuals’ depressive symptoms and their tendency of positive/ negative affect, and how the tendency of affect impact their daily positive/ negative thoughts; (2) according to the view of diathesis-stress model, explore how the affective tendency and cognitive characteristics exhibited in daily life could predict their depressive symptoms under stress after the initial symptoms are controlled. 93 participants finished all questionnaires, including initial depressive symptoms, daily positive/ negative affect, positive/ negative thoughts, and depressive symptoms under midterm examination. The results showed that depression is related to low positive affect and high negative affect. Individuals’ tendency and state of positive/ negative affect could predict their daily positive/ negative thoughts, and there exist a significant interaction effect between tendency and state to thoughts. Further, individuals’ tendency of positive affect and average negative could predict their depressive symptoms under stress after the initial symptoms are controlled. Finally, the implications for psychopathology and therapy are discussed.

L’hypoglycémie est une barrière au traitement du diabète de type 1 (DbT1). La collation au coucher est recommandée pour prévenir l’hypoglycémie nocturne (HN), mais son efficacité n’est pas démontrée. Objectif : Déterminer si une prise alimentaire en soirée est associée à la survenue d’HN. Étude observationnelle : 100 DbT1 ont porté un lecteur de glucose en continu et complété un journal alimentaire pendant 72 heures. L’HN est survenue durant 28 % des nuits. Une prise alimentaire en soirée n’était pas associée à l’HN. Toutefois, dans un modèle ajusté, l’apport en glucides en soirée était positivement associé aux HN (avec injection d’insuline rapide) et l’apport en protéines inversement associé aux HN (sans injection d’insuline rapide). Manger en soirée ne semble pas associé à moins d’HN. Des études contrôlées sont nécessaires pour comprendre l’effet de la collation au coucher sur le contrôle glycémique et le rôle de l’insuline rapide injectée en soirée. / Hypoglycemia remains a limiting factor of type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment. Bedtime snack is often suggested to reduce nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH), but its effectiveness is not supported by evidence-based data. Objective: To determine the association between post-dinner dietary intake and NH occurrence. This is an observational study during which 100 T1D wore a blinded continuous glucose monitoring system and completed a food diary for 72 hours. NH occurred on 28 % of the 282 nights studied. Post-dinner dietary intake was not associated with NH. However, in multivariate models, carbohydrate intake was positively associated with NH (when rapid insulin was injected) and protein intake was inversely associated with NH (without rapid insulin injected). Post-dinner dietary intake does not seem to be associated with a reduce occurrence of NH. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of bedtime snack on glycemic control and the role of the injection of rapid insulin in the evening.

No final da década de 1960 e início da seguinte, dentro do contexto que se convencionou chamar de cinema experimental ou de vanguarda norte-americano, um número sem precendetes de cineastas dedicou-se à elaboração de filmes-diário ou autobiografias filmadas. Esse movimento é acompanhado, no caso de alguns dos realizadores, por um interesse por outras formas (literárias ou pictóricas) de autorre- presentação e escrita de vida e por um esforço reflexivo sobre as possibilidades, usos e potências dessas formas no cinema. Partindo do entendimento que a autobiografia transforma-se em um campo de interesses para cineastas, críticos e público apenas a partir deste momento, esta tese pretende abordar como ela é formulada e inventada por cineastas como uma forma possível para o cinema. A partir da análise de textos e filmes de três cineastas centrais para essa elaboração, notadamente Stan Brakhage, Jonas Mekas e Hollis Frampton, demonstramos o papel do gênero na transformação de um panorama artístico e criativo. De um lado, como se verá, a autobiografia afirma-se e inventa-se como uma tentativa de dialogar e responder a uma história artística que incluí o próprio cineasta, de outro, ela propõe-se como um lugar de singularização e transformação dessa história. / On the threshold of the seventies, the autobiographical genre emerged as one of the main tendencies of the north-american avant-garde film. This event was followed by a growing interest in other forms of self representation and life narratives in painting and literature and by an intellectual effort to reflect on the uses, qualities, possibilities and predecessors of the new form in film. Understanding that autobiography becomes a field of interest for filmmakers, critics and public alike only at this moment in time, this dissertation intends to broach how autobiography is fashioned by filmmakers into a form viable for cinema. Relying on a vast documentation of writings by Jonas Mekas, Stan Brakhage and Hollis Frampton, three filmmakers whom we consider to be central to the understanding of the genre as such, and on close readings of their autobiographical films we demonstrate the role played by the genre in the transformation of a creative and artistic environment. As will be seen, the emergence of the genre responds to a historical and aesthetic transformation in experimental films and offers itself as a peronal narrative for this changing history.

Aquesta tesi se situa en una perspectiva de l'Educació Ambiental adreçada a la Sostenibilitat i com a nucli catalitzador d'una Educació per al Canvi.Amb la investigació que es presenta es pretén, a més, contribuir a reduir el buit existent entre el marc teòric de l'Educació Ambiental i la seva transposició didàctica en la formació inicial del professorat, i al mateix temps poder fer aportacions significatives en el camp dels enfocaments pedagògics i estratègies metodològiques d'aquest àmbit de l'educació.En primer lloc, es presenta una anàlisi del marc teòric que ha informat el desenvolupament de l'Educació Ambiental, la seva reorientació i reconceptualització en la dècada dels anys noranta, i s'exposen el debat i les tendències actuals. A continuació es presenta l'anàlisi del nivell d'incorporació de l'Educació Ambiental, així com dels factors que en limiten o dificulten una plena integració, tant a nivell de l'etapa d'educació primària, com en la formació inicial del professorat.Es porta també a terme una revisió i una anàlisi exhaustiva de l'estat actual de la investigació en Educació Ambiental, a nivell nacional i internacional, i a partir d'ella es revela el dèficit que existeix, particularment, en la investigació educativa en Educació Ambiental en la formació inicial del professorat, i sobretot en el camp dels enfocaments pedagògics i estratègies metodològiques.El propòsit concret de la investigació se centra en: (i) analitzar l'impacte d'un enfocament metodològic (metodologia triaxial) aplicat en un curs d'Educació Ambiental en formació inicial del professorat; (ii) explorar el procés de formació en Educació Ambiental des del propi pensament dels estudiants.Aquest propòsit general ha portat la definició dels objectius d'investigació següents: (a) dissenyar i aplicar un enfocament metodològic triaxial en la formació en Educació Ambiental del professorat; (b) dissenyar i aplicar els instruments que promouen el procés de reflexió, individual i col·lectiu, en els estudiants; (c) explorar el procés de formació en Educació Ambiental des del pensament dels estudiants i a través dels instruments utilitzats per a la reflexió; (d) valorar la metodologia triaxial en la formació en Educació Ambiental de futurs i futures mestres d'Educació Primària.Cal destacar que la metodologia triaxial elaborada i aplicada es basa en la integració de tres eixos processals: procés d'investigació, procés de reflexió i procés de treball cooperatiu, i és consistent amb el model teòric que s'exposa i es defensa en la investigació (el capítol 5 tracta, concretament, del disseny, estructuració i desenvolupament del curs fonamentat en aquesta metodologia)La investigació se situa en el paradigma interpretatiu d'investigació educativa i en una metodologia d'anàlisi qualitativa. La mostra l'ha constituïda un grup classe, 42 estudiants, del 3r curs dels estudis de Magisteri, curs 1998/99, de la Universitat de Girona. Els instruments d'anàlisi han estat els instruments de reflexió, individual i col·lectiva, utilitzats en el curs.Destaquem l'ús d'un diari de grup, especialment dissenyat i estructurat per a promoure la reflexió col·lectiva, com l'aportació més rellevant en relació als instruments per a la reflexió. El diari de grup ha estat l'instrument vertebrador de la metodologia d'anàlisi qualitativa, i, tal com s'ha aplicat en aquesta investigació, s'ha validat com a un instrument nuclear i eficaç per a la reflexió de grup, i per explorar i analitzar el procés de formació en Educació Ambiental i de la formació professional general del grup d'estudiants.La resta d'instruments han estat, bàsicament, qüestionaris individuals, en diferents moments del curs; els documents produïts pels estudiants (propostes didàctiques en Educació Ambiental) i la memòria de la investigadora. La triangulació s'ha realitzat a través de tots els instruments. En la investigació es presenta, de manera detallada, com s'ha dut a terme el procés d'anàlisi de cadascun dels instruments i els resultats extrets.L'anàlisi dels resultats ha permès dibuixar l'evolució del pensament dels estudiants al llarg del curs i realitzar una anàlisi holística i multidimensional del seu procés de formació en Educació Ambiental. S'ha produït un canvi substancial en relació a la comprensió i assumpció dels components de l'Educació Ambiental: rellevància, holisme, educació crítica, educació en valors, capacitat de responsabilitat, d'acció i d'atendre diferents punts de vista i perspectives. Al llarg del curs i del procés hi ha una clara potenciació de qualitats dinàmiques.Al mateix temps, l'anàlisi revela la interdependència real i efectiva dels tres processos que configuren la metodologia triaxial i la seva clara influència en la formació en Educació Ambiental del grup d'estudiants i en la construcció dels seus models didàctics.En la investigació es conclou, entre altres aspectes, que l'enfocament metodològic, basat en un procés triaxial, aplicat en la formació inicial del grup de futurs i futures mestres, ha resultat de gran eficàcia i rellevància en la seva formació en Educació Ambiental i, també, en la seva formació com a professionals investigadors, crítico- reflexius, amb capacitat d'innovació i amb un grau més alt d' "empowerment". Cal dir que la metodologia triaxial es revela amb altes possibilitats de transferència i adaptabilitat a altres estudis. La transferibilitat d'aquesta metodologia serà objecte de seguiment investigatiu amb el propòsit de trobar les orientacions pedagògiques més adequades a cada àmbit i situació, ja que pot oferir aportacions valuoses en el camp de l'Ambientalització Curricular dels estudis universitaris. / This thesis looks from the perspective of Environmental Education aimed at Sustainability and as a catalyst essence of Education for Change.It is also aimed, as a result of the research presented, at contributing to reducing the gap between the theoretical framework of Environmental Education and its didactic transposition to initial teacher training, as well as making significant contributions in the field of pedagogical approaches and methodological strategies in this field of education.Firstly, an analysis of the theoretical framework that has informed the development of Environmental Education is presented, as well as its reorientation and reconceptualisation during the 1990s, and current trends are debated.An analysis is then presented of the degree of incorporation of Environmental Education, as well as the factors that limit or make difficult its full integration, both at primary education level and in initial training of teachers.A revision and exhaustive analysis is also carried out of the current state of research into Environmental Education in Spain and internationally. Based on this, the deficit that exists particularly in the field of educational research in Environmental Education in initial teacher training is shown, especially in the field of pedagogical approaches and methodological strategies.The specific aim of the research is focused on (i) analysing the impact of a methodological focus (triaxial methodology) applied to an Environmental Education course in initial teacher training, and (ii) exploring the Environmental Education training process from the students' point of view.This general aim has led to the following research objectives being defined: (a) to design and apply a triaxial methodological focus in Environmental Education teacher training, (b) to design and apply the instruments that encourage the process of individual and collective reflection in students, (c) to explore the Environmental Education training process from the students' point of view and by means of the instruments used for reflection, and (d) to evaluate triaxial methodology in Environmental Education training for future Primary Education teachers.Interestingly, the triaxial methodology prepared and applied is based on the integration of three procedural axes - the research process, the reflection process and the co-operative work process - and is consistent with the theoretical model that is exposed and defended in the research (chapter 5 deals in particular with the design, structuring and development of the course based on this methodology).Research takes place within the interpretative paradigm of educational research and using a methodology of qualitative analysis. The sample consisted of a class group of 42 students in their third year of teacher training at the University of Girona. The analytical tools were the individual and collective reflection instruments used on the course.Worthy of special mention is the use of a group diary, especially designed and structured to encourage collective reflection as the most important contribution in terms of instruments for reflection. The group diary was the backbone instrument of the qualitative analysis methodology, and in the manner in which it was applied in this research, it has been shown to be valid as a nuclear and efficient instrument for group reflection, and for exploring and analysing the training process in Environmental Education and the general professional training of the group of students. The other instruments were basically individual questionnaires at different points on the course - the documents produced by the students (didactic proposals in Environmental Education) and the researcher's report. Triangulation took place using all the instruments. How the analysis process was carried out with each of the instruments and the results extracted are presented in detail in the research. Analysis of the results has enabled the evolution of the students' thought to be noted over the duration of the course and a holistic and multi-dimensional analysis to be made of their Environmental Education training process, i.e. its relevance, holism, critical education, education in values, capacity for responsibility, action and dealing with different points of view and perspectives. There is a clear empowering of dynamic qualities throughout the course. At the same time, the analysis shows the real and effective interdependence between the three processes comprising the triaxial methodology and the clear influence on Environmental Education training by the student group and on the construction of their didactic models. The research concludes, among other points, that the methodological focus, based on a triaxial process, applied to the initial training of a group of future teachers, has been highly efficient and important in their Environmental Education training and also in their training as critical/reflexive research professionals, with the ability to innovate and with a very high level of empowerment. It should be noted that triaxial methodology is shown with other opportunities for transfer and adaptability to other studies. The transferability of this methodology will be the objective of follow-up research with the aim of finding the pedagogical orientations that are most suitable to each field and situation, as it can make valuable contributions in the field of orienting university studies towards sustainability.

在大多數人的日記經驗中，藏匿、上鎖、被偷窺後的憤怒總是如影隨形，因為所有說不出與不能說的秘密，都被寄情於日記之中。然而隨著網路普及，越來越多的基本生活需求可藉由網路滿足後，傳統的紙本日記也開始轉以網路作為記載與儲存的媒介，成了任何人都可公開遊賞的園地。 / 本文基於研究者本身在網路日記社群三年來的親身書寫參與經驗，以「愛情國小」作為主要研究場域，除了以日記作為文本分析的對象外，並深入訪談重度使用者以及退用者，以瞭解使用者如何處理既公開又私密的網路日記書寫。本文自日記在東西方的歷史發展出發，先行定位私密在日記中扮演的角色，再輔以從社會心理學層面對秘密本質的探討，來重新探討公開與私密的問題。最後以Goffman分析日常生活之人際互動的戲劇理論為本，佐以社會學中的陌生人理論，解析人們如何在公開的網路日記裡進行表演，其間的變與不變。 / 顛覆了傳統紙本日記之私密形式的公開網路日記，之所以能為日記書寫者接受或喜愛，無非是它既能滿足日記書寫的基本需求，同時又能在日記書寫之餘創造與他人社交互動的樂趣。雖然紙本日記「自我忠實紀錄」之要素，必須仰賴將他人隔離的秘密形式才得以達成，但日記書寫者仍是企圖向日記中想像的對象揭露公開，解決秘密無處可訴的焦慮。而網路日記不僅隔離了現實生活中的親友熟人，更進一步為日記書寫者帶來了能提供積極聆聽，並能給予回應互動的具體觀眾。這些網路上似近實遠、似遠實近的陌生人，讓網路日記書寫者願意公開與之分享私密自我，並且無須擔憂網路日記紀錄的後台面向會對現實生活之前台演出造成破壞。換言之，網路日記既有公開面對觀眾、在意觀眾反應的前台特性，亦有自現實生活前台角色解放、呈現私密自我的後台性質，實則為一結合了公開與私密、前台與後台之「私密自我的展演」的中間地帶。因此，網路日記書寫者只能透過訊息管道的操弄與分寸拿捏，隨著與不同觀眾間親疏遠近的關係變化，揭露不同層面或程度的私密，且更進一步控制與不同觀眾間的心理距離。 / Diaries, on which personal matters are inscribed, are defined as a literary form that is written for oneself and therefore are kept privately, some even locked up, to avoid prying. However, the privateness, the distinguishing characteristic of diaries, has abated since the prevalent internet has become one of the media of storing content of diaries. The study is to investigate how diary writers coping with the conflict between the privateness and publicness in online diaries. / This study is based on the personal online diary writing experience of the author for three years in "Love School" ( http://love.youthwant.com.tw), the field of this study. The interviews with nine persons, including heavy users and dropouts that had ever been indulgent in Love School, are the main qualitative analysis material with some online diaries for textual analysis. / Beginning from exploring the changes in the nature of diaries both in eastern and western history, the study proceeds with probing to the characteristic of secrecy to comprehend that diaries inherently are both public and private. Moreover, Goffman's theory of human interaction in daily life and Simmel's of strangers offer steppingstones to detail the features—interacting and sharing intimacy with others unknown—of writing diaries on public internet. / Briefly speaking, the prevailing phenomenon of online diaries reveals that making diaries public can satisfy the needs of recording private life and of social contact simultaneously. Despite that traditional diary is kept away from anyone to ensure frankness, all the diary writers indeed still reveal themselves in it to some object(s), real or imaginary. Online diaries not only can exclude, if writers want, people who know them in person, but also bring in the unlimited audience with real feedback. Since the audience is composed of strangers, somehow far enough not to reach online diary writer's everyday life but virtually close to see his/her innermost, the online diary writer doesn't have to be anxious about the destruction of frontstage performances in everyday life, caused by backstage behaviors in diary being revealed. In other words, online diary is a frontstage as well as a backstage, that is, a middle region, where the division of the public and private is blurred. In online diaries, diary writers are able to disclose private selves hidden from frontstage role playing while audience¹s gaze and applause, absent in backstage, is all around. To reconcile the conflict between publicness and privateness, online diary writers master in manipulating information accesses and discretion. Therefore, they can disclose different aspects and degrees of privacy to various audiences according to various relationships, and can be the dominators subsequently to control psychological distances between them.