Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-03T14:50:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 sandravaleriacavalcanti.pdf: 877298 bytes, checksum: c8c6bc83beaaa8afceaf1dc081901fde (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-07T15:16:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sandravaleriacavalcanti.pdf: 877298 bytes, checksum: c8c6bc83beaaa8afceaf1dc081901fde (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T15:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sandravaleriacavalcanti.pdf: 877298 bytes, checksum: c8c6bc83beaaa8afceaf1dc081901fde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-09 / O presente estudo analisou a implementação do Pacto Pela Educação, como uma política pública destinada na melhoria educacional, em três escolas estaduais da região Mata Sul de Pernambuco, identificando quais aspectos da política foram positivos na gestão escolar e quais propostas necessitam de ajustes para contribuir na melhoria do aprendizado dos alunos. A pesquisa justifica-se pelo fato de as escolas selecionadas estarem inseridas em municípios com baixos Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e apresentarem baixos resultados no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação de Pernambuco (IDEPE). No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi utilizada a metodologia quantitativa, levantando-se informações através de visitas nas escolas utilizando-se roteiros de entrevistas. A política foi investigada sob a visão de pais, alunos, professores, gestores e servidores das referidas unidades escolares, onde foram aplicados questionários com perguntas abertas e realizadas entrevistas com estes. A fundamentação teórica deste trabalho tem como autores Carvalho (2008), Mainardes (2006), Lück (2000), Gadotti (1997), Nóvoa (1995), e Hoffmann (1991), que abordam o significado de uma política pública educacional, a interpretação, intervenção e recriação desta, destacando a importância da participação dos envolvidos na implementação, no monitoramento, acompanhamento e planejamento da política no processo ensino-aprendizagem, bem como a aproximação e interação da família ao ambiente escolar. Ao final, apresenta-se um Plano de Ação Educacional, cujo objetivo é fortalecer e ampliar as ações educacionais e cuja proposta de acompanhamento, que será utilizada como instrumento de intervenção, consiste em fazer um levantamento diagnóstico a partir da análise do processo e da prática em sala de aula, visando a melhorar o resultado das Escolas em estudo. O Plano de Ação Educacional, desenvolvido a partir da observação e acompanhamento das Escolas pesquisadas, busca identificar quais ações foram exitosas nas unidades de ensino e quais ações necessitam ser aperfeiçoadas. / This study analyzed the implementation of the Pact for Education, as a public policy aimed at educational improvement in three state schools in the South Forest region of Pernambuco, identifying which aspects of policy were positive in school management and proposals which require adjustments to contribute to the improvement of student learning. The research is justified by the fact that the selected schools are placed in municipalities with low Human Development Index (HDI) and have low results in the Pernambuco Education Development Index (IDEPE). The development of research, quantitative methodology was used, rising information through visits in schools using interview scripts. The policy was investigated from the perspective of parents, students, teachers, managers and staff of these school units, which were applied questionnaires with open questions and interviews with them. The theoretical foundation of this work is to Carvalho authors (2008), Mainardes (2006), Lück (2000), Gadotti (1997), Nóvoa (1995) and Hoffmann (1991), which address the meaning of a public educational policy, interpretation, intervention and re-creation of this, highlighting the importance of the participation of those involved in the implementation, monitoring, monitoring and policy planning in the teaching-learning process and the approach and family interaction to the school environment. Finally, we present an Educational Action Plan, which aims to strengthen and expand educational activities and the proposal of monitoring, which will be used as an instrument of intervention is to make a diagnosis survey from process analysis and practice in the classroom in order to improve the results of the schools in the study. The Education Action Plan, developed from observation and monitoring of the surveyed schools, seeks to identify what actions have been successful in teaching units and what actions need to be improved.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-27T18:08:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriataroccodossantos.pdf: 1861098 bytes, checksum: cbafa5d41ef8a487bd8dd5025ae65ce2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T13:54:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriataroccodossantos.pdf: 1861098 bytes, checksum: cbafa5d41ef8a487bd8dd5025ae65ce2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T13:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rogeriataroccodossantos.pdf: 1861098 bytes, checksum: cbafa5d41ef8a487bd8dd5025ae65ce2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-20 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as principais funções que os atos de fala diretivos e comissivos exercem na negociação de acordos em resoluções de conflitos. E, em particular, a relação desses atos com a produção de ameaças na formulação de acordos em audiências de conciliação, realizadas pelo órgão de defesa do consumidor, o PROCON. Para a análise, selecionamos cinco audiências intituladas: Banco Sul, Brasimac, Gesso, Ok veículos e Rui Pedreiro, estas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas de acordo com as convenções da Análise da Conversa. Com base em uma perspectiva performativa da linguagem, formulada inicialmente pela Teoria clássica dos Atos de Fala (AUSTIN, 1962; SEARLE, 1969) e discutida por CASANOVA (1996), GARCIA (1997) e SALGUEIRO (2010), iniciamos a análise a partir da suposição de que diretivos e comissivos deveriam configurar uma mesma categoria, pois ambos os atos estão relacionados à obrigação. O primeiro se refere a obrigações impostas aos outros e o segundo, a obrigações assumidas pelo falante/escritor. Assim, buscamos investigar o papel dos: (i) diretivos nas negociações de conflitos e (ii) comissivos nas resoluções. Os dados foram analisados a partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa e interpretativa, seguindo as orientações teórico-metodológicas de perspectiva interacional pragmática. Alguns dos resultados demonstraram que: (i) os diretivos têm um relevante papel na produção dos diferentes enquadres construídos pelas partes oponentes; há sempre duas versões sendo disputadas (a do reclamado e a do reclamante), e é o uso dos diretivos que revela esses enquadres; (ii) os comissivos têm importância na resolução do conflito, só há resolução quando o reclamado se compromete com alguma ação que é do interesse do reclamante e (iii) a hipótese, que diretivos e comissivos estão intrinsecamente ligados, tem fundamento, visto que, durante as negociações, as partes fazem uso de ameaças do tipo diretivo-comissivas, que apresentam ao mesmo tempo uma parte diretiva e outra comissiva. Nas audiências analisadas, as partes apenas entram em acordo, após o uso de ameaça feita ou pelo mediador ou pelo reclamado. Não foram encontradas ameaças usadas pelos reclamantes que fossem eficientes na produção do acordo. / This study aims to investigate the main functions of directive and commissive speech acts in the negotiation of agreements in conflict resolution. And, specifically, the relation of these acts with the production of threats in the formulation of agreements in conciliation hearings, organized by the consumer defense organ, PROCON. For this analysis, we select five hearings entitled: Banco Sul, Brasimac, Gesso, Ok veículos and Rui Pedreiro record in audio and translated using the notations suggested by Conversation Analysis. Based on the theoretical assumptions of a performative perspective on language, formulated initially by the classical Speech Act Theory (AUSTIN 1962; SEARLE 1969) and applied by CASANOVA (1996), GARCIA (1997) and SALGUEIRO (2010) to specific issues, we started the analysis considering the supposition that directive and commissives must set the same category, because both acts are related to obligation. The first one refers to obligations imposed to other person and the second, assumed by the speaker/writer. Thus, we seek to investigate: the role of (i) directive acts in the negotiation of conflict and (ii) commissive in their resolutions. The data were analyzed from a qualitative and interpretative perspective, following the theoretical and methodological orientations of an interactional perspective in pragmatics. Some of the results found were: (i) the directives have a relevant role in the production of the different frames, constructed by the opponent parties: there is always two versions being disputed (the respondent one and the claimant one), and it is the use of directive which reveals these framings; (ii) the commissives are important to the conflict resolution: there is resolution only when the respondent undertake to do any action of claimant‘s interest and (iii) the hypothesis, that directives and commissives are intrinsically linked, is grounded, since, during the negotiations, the parties make use of threats of the directive-commissives types, which present, at the same time, a directive part and a commissive one. Most of the time, in the hearings analysed, the parties only reach any kind of agreement, after the use of threats by mediator or the respondent. There wasn‘t found any threat used by claimants which effectively has reached an agreement.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hardalla Santos do Valle_Dissertacao.pdf: 1625113 bytes, checksum: c67ad19f7f9af1e89c7ba8b17aa26e6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-19 / Between 1842 and 1846, Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva (Duque de Caxias) was Commander in Chief of the Army Operations and President of the Province of St. Peter of Rio Grande do Sul. From this, the present study aims to argue about trajectory of political and administrative by Caxias, and specifically about their actions and proposals during this educational experience. In the quest for understanding the dimensions attained by these educational proposals, also traveled provincial administrations followed by Caxias, in the year 1871 when the Liceu D. Afonso, one of his proposals, after 20 years of operation, is closed. In this perspective, we present the following guiding questions of this paper: Why Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva developed these educational proposals? What were these proposals? They came to take effect? The sources used in this study are: official documents, such as bylaws, agendas, minutes and crafts, as well as reports of travelers and newspapers. The method chosen was the document analysis, understood as a set of research techniques whose aim is to search for the meaning or meanings of a written document. Among the results, we highlight the perception of the role it could play a strong and organized education in the province of San Pedro. This was fully understood by Caxias, so getting the support of the population, and avoiding as much as possible that new riots and / or rebellions started. Thus, the educational reforms of the ways found by Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva to achieve this. Given the above with, this dissertation we aim to foster attention and reflection, through the prism of Cultural History, about the performance of Caxias regarding the instruction of the Province of São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul A story characterized by interests, disputes, political and strong subjects, as Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva. Therefore, this study aggregator, both the novelty of the subject matter, as the chosen approach, capable of contributing, through new insights, the History of Education Rio-Grandense nineteenth century. / Entre os anos de 1842 e 1846, Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva (Duque de Caxias) foi Comandante-Chefe do Exército em Operações e Presidente da Província de São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir disto, o presente trabalho objetiva discorrer acerca da trajetória política e administrativa de Caxias e, especificamente, sobre suas ações e propostas educacionais durante esta experiência. Na busca pela compreensão das dimensões alcançadas por estas propostas educacionais, percorremos também as administrações provinciais seguidas de Caxias, até o ano de 1871, quando o Liceu D. Afonso, uma de suas propostas, após 20 anos de funcionamento, é fechado. Nesta perspectiva, apresentamos as seguintes questões norteadoras deste trabalho: Por que Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva elaborou estas propostas educacionais? Que propostas eram estas? Elas chegaram a ser efetivadas? As fontes utilizadas neste estudo são: documentos oficiais, como estatutos, ordens do dia, atas e ofícios, assim como relatos de viajantes e jornais. O método escolhido foi a análise documental, compreendido como um conjunto de técnicas de pesquisa cujo objetivo é a busca do sentido ou dos sentidos de um documento escrito. Entre os resultados obtidos, destacamos a percepção do papel que poderia desempenhar uma forte e organizada educação na Província de São Pedro. Este aspecto foi plenamente compreendido por Caxias, obtendo assim o apoio da população, e evitando o máximo possível de que novas revoltas ou rebeliões eclodissem. Assim sendo, as reformas educacionais foram uma das maneiras encontradas por Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva de conseguir isto. Dado o exposto, com esta dissertação almejamos fomentar a atenção e a reflexão, sob o prisma da História Cultural, acerca da atuação de Caxias em relação à instrução na Província de São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul. Uma história caracterizada por interesses, disputas, política, e fortes sujeitos, como Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva. Assim sendo, este estudo agregador, tanto pelo ineditismo do assunto tratado, como pela abordagem escolhida, que será capaz de contribuir, por meio de novas percepções, para a História da Educação Rio-Grandense do século XIX.

Purpose: Today the amount of Eco labelled multi-family houses are increasing. The Nordic Swan is a well-known certification that has grown a lot when it’s comes to certifying multi-family houses in Sweden. Unlike other well-known ecolabels there are not many studies done on the Nordic Swan. By studying the certification, and its establishment, in two large projects the goal of this study is to pinpoint weaknesses in the process of attaining the Nordic Swan and then make improvement proposals.Method: In order to provide improvement proposals, a qualitative study was chosen. A study of literature and a document analysis is the foundation of the study by taking theoretical aspects into account, within the Nordic Swan and multi-family housing. The chosen qualitative method is also based on semi structured interviews. The interview respondents were selected as: two production supervisors, a site manager, a quality and environmental coordinator, a project manager and a project developer. All respondents are working daily with the projects, characterized by the Nordic Swan. The different persons were chosen to obtain a high validity of the study. To further increase the validity and its reliability, respondents were given back the empirical data so that they could make further comments and revisions. Reliability was assured by providing well-designed questions.Findings: The goal refers to improvements with the certification, propelling to new knowledge, within the area of the subject. The empirical investigation shows recurring problems with the product database within the certification, seen from the respondent’s experiences of working with the Nordic Swan in projects. They’ve informed about challenges that comes with respective working process. The certification is solid and gives a qualitative product, but has a time-consuming learning process. Overall, the respondent’s focused on the way of working with the ecolabel and the organisations way of managing the product database, both for an older and a new version.The improvement proposals that results from an analyzation of interviews concerns the communication between the Nordic Swan and its customers, how the Nordic Swan’s product database can improve when future versions releases and how the ecolabel could accomplish a greater eco-impact to the projects by promoting “green innovations”.Limitations: The study is limited to the application of the Nordic Swan in multi-family housing in two large projects. As the guidelines in the process do not differ between companies, the result can be considered general. Retrieving information from even more companies on the other hand could have resulted in a more accurate overall result.Implications: The drawn conclusion from the thesis is that the result creates opportunities for improving the certification process. It can also be used to get more companies to use the Nordic Swan. It provides an opportunity for both companies and individuals to farm an understanding regarding the certification. / Kvarteret Mars, Kolla Parkstad.

Master's thesis deals with the design layout of the workplace in light machinery production in TOS Kuřim-OS, as. On this workplace is turning rotating parts are manufactured in the weight of 250 kg. Proposals arrangement based on how the current state and the methodology of the design layout. It is also based on the use of machines and parameters, security principles and the possibility of new premises. To evaluate the best options are proposed criteria, which are determined by the most appropriate solution. For the chosen variant is created by the project, which includes the cost of setting up an evaluation, documentation and the benefits that arise from this option for the workplace.

Sveriges järnvägsnät är gammalt och utsätts för en allt högre belastning varje år i takt med att trafiken på spåren ökar. Detta medför att slitaget på järnvägarna ökar och en väldigt känslig del är spårväxlar. Då ca 20 % av alla fel beror på problem med spårväxlar läggs fokus i rapporten på att utreda denna problematik. Syftet med arbetet är att kartlägga vilka spårväxelfel som uppstår och orsaken till dessa, samt att komma med åtgärdsförslag för att minska problemen med spårväxlar som leder till förseningar och stopp i trafiken. Rapportens inledande del består av ett teoriavsnitt som beskriver hur en växel är uppbyggd och hur den fungerar. Tre bandelar i Sverige har studerats, en i norr, en i söder och en i Stockholm. Studierna har baserats på samtliga felrapporter tillhörande spårväxlar i Ofelia som rapporterats in mellan åren 2009 och 2012. Statistiken ger generella svar på vilka problem som uppstår i spårväxlar och i vilken omfattning de förekommer. Den visar också tydliga skillnader på år med svåra vintrar respektive år med mindre svåra vintrar. Resultatet av studierna visar att det är felkategorierna ”ingen känd orsak”, ”snö eller is” och ”materialutmattning/åldring” som förekommer mest frekvent. I rapportens avslutande del redovisas de mest frekventa kategorierna djupare. Idéer och förslag presenteras på eventuella lösningar. Förslagen är framför allt framtagna för att hantera problem orsakade av snö och is. / The Swedish railway network is old and it is subjected to an increasing load each year as the traffic on the railway tracks increases. This increases the wear on the tracks and a very sensitive part that constantly suffers problems is the railway switch. As the switches account for 20% of all the errors on the railway this report is focused on the problems related to switches. The aim of this work is to identify the problems with switches and what causes them. The aim is also to come up with proposals for measures to reduce the problems of switches that lead to delays and traffic jams. The first part of the report consists of a theory section that describes how a switch is constructed and how it works. Three railway distances in Sweden have been studied, one in the north parts of the country, one in the south and one in the city of Stockholm. These studies are based on all errors associated with switches that were reported in the Swedish error report system Ofelia during the years 2009 and 2012. These statistics provide general information about the problems that arise in switches in Swedish railway and to what extent they arise. The statistics also show a clear difference in the number of error reports during years with severe winter weather compared to less harsh winters. The report shows that errors reported as "no known cause", "snow and ice" and "material fatigue / aging" occurs most frequently. In the concluding section of the report the most frequent categories are presented in further detail. Based on this research, ideas and suggestions are presented. These proposals are mainly designed to handle problems caused by snow and ice.

This comparative legal thesis discusses abstract judicial preview in Sweden and the Netherlands. Both countries have Councils of State in place that are tasked with advising government on legislation and governance to maintain a congruent judicial system. The aim of the analysis is to examine, describe and compare the judicial preview of law proposals carried out in Sweden and the Netherlands. By applying a legal-dogmatic method and a comparative law method the results show that abstract judicial preview of law proposals in Sweden and the Netherlands share both similarities and differences. The primary similarity infers that the judgements of the Councils of State have no binding effect for the legislator. Regarding the differences, the Swedish Council of State mainly focuses on advising the government on legislation, whilst the Dutch Council of State consists of two divisions that operate under the same name. The Administrative Jurisdiction Division is the country’s highest general administrative court and the Advisory Division, as implied by its name, advises the government and Parliament in matters regarding legislation and governance. Finally, one of the surprising conclusions show that an official from the relevant Swedish department of state recites a bill before the Council of State. This differs from the Netherlands, where the Council of State operates behind closed doors when a bill is put forward. Meaning that it does not occur that an official or any other outsider is involved in assessing bills and other requests for advice. In conclusion, abstract judicial preview in Sweden and the Netherlands plays a fundamental role in contributing to a harmonious legal order and norm hierarchy.

År 2002 laginfördes ett EU-direktiv med syftet att skapa möjligheten för länder inom EU att kunna ha bättre kontroll på sin energianvändning. Utifrån detta direktiv infördes därefter en lag om energideklarationer. Energideklarationernas främsta syfte skulle vara att bidra till en effektiv energianvändning i byggnader och en god inomhusmiljö. Detta skulle uppnås genom att ge en översiktlig bild av byggnadens energistatus, samt underlag för investeringsbeslut vid energieffektivisering. Detta examensarbete undersöker om energideklarationer uppfyller syftet att bidra till en effektiv energianvändning. Frågor till verksamma inom fastighetsbolag samt egen undersökning av energideklarationer resulterade i ett konstaterande att deklarationerna ger en översiktlig bild av byggnadens energistatus på ett tydligt sätt. För verksamma inom fastighetsbolagen kan energideklarationerna fungera som underlag för energieffektivisering, dock kan åtgärdsförslagen anses vara för generella. Denna uppfattning om åtgärdsförslagen gör att många använder sig av effektiviseringsåtgärder som tagits fram inom organisationen genom registrering, analys och uppföljning av energianvändningen på en högre detaljnivå. Denna detaljnivå kan utgöra en tydligare bild av var i byggnaden åtgärder behöver göras, samt vilka typer av åtgärder som är lämpligast. Energideklarationernas syfte att bidra till en effektiv energianvändning uppfylls därmed endast till viss del. / In 2002, a directive from EU stated that the countries should start keeping better track of how buildings consume energy. From this directive a law was introduced that implied that energy declarations now were to be established. The main purpose of energy declarations was for them to contribute to efficient energy use and a healthy indoor environment. This was to be achieved by giving a general view of the building’s energy status, as well as basis for investments in making the building more energy efficient. This master’s dissertation examines if energy declarations fulfill their purpose of contributing to an efficient energy use. After questioning of real estate company’s personnel and examining energy declarations, they proved to be considered adequate in showing a building’s general energy consumption. However, the action proposals are often considered too simplistic. Instead, many companies base their actions in order to make the building more efficient on their own personnel, their thorough investigation and detailed analysis of a building’s energy consumption. This detailed analysis gives a clearer picture of where energy can be saved and in what way actions should be made in order to be most efficient. The purpose of energy declarations is therefore only partially fulfilled.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Peer review as an institutional mechanism for certifying knowledge and allocating resources dates back as far as 1665. Today it can with confidence be stated that it is one of the most prominent evaluative tools used in science to determine the quality of research across all scientific fields. Given the transformation within the processes of knowledge production, peer review as an institutionalised method of the evaluation of scientific research has not been unaffected. Peer reviewers have to act within a system of relevant science and find themselves responsible to the scientific community as well as to public decision-makers, who in turn are responsible to the public. This dual responsibility of reviewers led to the development of criteria to be used in the evaluation process to enable them to measure scientific excellence as well as the societal relevance of science. In this thesis peer review in science is examined within the context of these transformations. In looking at the conceptual and methodological issues raised by peer review, definitions of peer review, its history and contexts of application are examined followed by a critique on peer review. Peer review in practice is also explored and the evaluation processes of four respective funding agencies are analysed with regards to three aspects intrinsic to the peer review process: the method by which reviewers are selected, the review criteria by which proposals are rated, and the number of review stages within each review process. The thesis concludes with recommendations for possible improvements to the peer review process and recommended alternatives to peer review as an evaluative tool. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Portuurgroep-evaluering as 'n geïnsitutsionaliseerde meganisme in die sertifisering van kennis en die toewys van hulpbronne dateer terug so ver as 1665. Huidiglik kan dit as een van die mees prominente metingsinstrumente van die kwaliteit van navorsing in alle wetenskaplike velde beskou word. Die transformasies wat plaasgevind het binne die prosesse waar kennis gegenereer word, het ook nie portuurgroep-evaluaring as 'n geïnstitusionaliseerde metode van evaluering ongeraak gelaat nie. Portuurgroep-evalueerders bevind hulself binne 'n sisteem van relevante wetenskap. Binne hierdie sisteem het hulle 'n verantwoordelikheid teenoor die wetenskaplike gemeenskap sowel as die publiekebesluitnemers wat op hul beurt weer verantwoordelik is teenoor die publiek. Hierdie dubbele verantwoordelikheid het tot gevolg die saamstel van kriteria waarvolgens evalueerders wetenskaplike uitmuntendheid sowel as relevansie tot die breër samelewing kan meet. Hierdie tesis ondersoek portuurgroep-evaluering teen die agtergrond van hierdie transformasies. Die konseptueie en metodologiese aspekte van portuurgroepevaluering word ondersoek deur eerstens te kyk na definisies van portuurgroepevaluering, die geskiedenis daarvan en kontekste waarbinne dit gebruik word. Tweedens word gekyk na kritiek gelewer op portuurgroep-evaluering. Portuurgroep evaluering binne die praktyk word ook ondersoek waar vier onderskeie befondsingsagentskappe se evaluerings prosesse geanaliseer word. Hierdie analise word gedoen in terme van drie essensiële aspekte binne portuurgroep- evaluering. Hierdie drie aspekte is as volg: 1) die wyse waarop evalueerders geselekteer word, 2) die evalueringskriteria waarvolgens navorsingsvoorstelle gemeet word en 3) die hoeveelheid evalueringsfases binne die protuurgroep-evaluerings proses. Laastens word aanbevelings ter verbetering van die portuurgroep-evaluerings proses as ook voorstelle tot moontlike alternatiewe tot portuurgroep-evaluering as 'n evaluerings instrument gebied.

This paper carry out a qualitative meta-analysis of 112 “proposals for action” identified in 30 of the approximately 630 accident investigations that are published on the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) website. Accident investigations have been carried out at the discretion of each municipality and then sent to the MSB, which in turn, after a secrecy review and an ethical review, publishes most of the investigations on the web page Kommunala olycksundersökningar. The accident investigations are split into a number of different categories by type of event and the categories analysed in this paper are “Automatic alarm - not fire” and “Fire - not in building”.The process of learning from accidents can be illustrated using the CHAIN model (Reporting - selection - Investigation - spread - implementation). This model attempts to show how the process of learning from accidents step by step and point out that every step must be followed and implemented for a lesson to be learned - from event to implemented lesson learned. Previous studies however have found that the steps in the CHAIN model are not followed from the beginning to the end in terms of learning from municipal accident investigations. A first problem is that some proposals listed can be unclearly formulated in terms of who is supposed to carry out the proposal, but above all, there are weaknesses in distribution and thus also the implementation of the proposals.Aim and method This paper seeks to compile, analyse and present the proposals for action contained in the selected accident investigations. The method used is a qualitative meta-analysis understood here as an "analysis of analyses" performed with the qualitative method content analysis, which may also contain quantitative elements.Findings Almost all of the proposals set out are alone in its kind. There is just two proposals contained more than once. Proposals for measures can be further divided into categories by thought, or stated, receivers and for similarities between the proposals. More than half of all proposals are targeted to Rescue services own work, either regarding the intervention itself, organizational or other planning or collaboration with other agencies or stakeholders. One group is aimed towards the operator and propose improvements in various parts of their systematic fire prevention (SBA). Two smaller groups of proposals suggests improvements for handling errors and to do changes in the products and that this information should be communicated to operators/retailers or producer. Some proposals do not fall within any of the other categories.It noted that, in principle, all suggestions are workable and implementable and that these proposals can be generalized beyond its original context into a larger one. And that this kind of qualitative meta-analysis can be a part of the CHAIN model's implementation. / I denna uppsats görs en kvalitativ metaanalys av 112 förslag på åtgärder vilka anges i 30 av de runt 630 kommunala olycksundersökningar som finns publicerade på Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskaps (MSB) hemsida. Olycksundersökningarna har genomförts efter beslut i respektive kommun och därefter skickats in till MSB, vilka i sin tur, efter en sekretessprövning och en etisk prövning, publicerar de flesta på webbsidan Kommunala olycksundersökningar. Olycksundersökningarna delas upp på ett antal olika kategorier efter typ av händelse och de kategorier vilka analyseras i denna uppsats är Automatlarm – ej brand samt Brand – ej i byggnad.Processen att lära från olyckor kan åskådliggöras med hjälp av CHAIN-modellen (rapportering – urval – utredning – spridning – genomförande). Denna modell vill visa på hur processen med lärandet från olyckor går till steg för steg samt poängtera att varje steg måste följas och genomföras för att ett lärande ska komma i mål – från händelse till implementerad lärdom. Tidigare studier har dock funnit att CHAIN-modellens steg inte följs från början till slut vad gäller lärandet från kommunala olycksundersökningar. Ett första problem är att vissa förslag som anges kan vara otydligt formulerade vad gäller vem som ska genomföra förslaget, men framförallt finns det brister i spridningen och således också genomförandet av förslagen.Syfte och metod Denna uppsats syfte är att sammanställa, analysera och presentera de förslag på åtgärder som återfinns i de utvalda olycksundersökningarna, samt att värdera dessa utifrån generaliserbarhet. Metoden som använts är en kvalitativ metaanalys med vilket här avses en ”analys av analyser” utförd med den kvalitativa metoden innehållsanalys, vilken också kan innehålla kvantitativa inslag.Resultat Nästan alla de förslag på åtgärder som anges i olycksundersökningarna är ensamma i sitt slag, det är bara 2 förslag som återfinns mer än en gång. Detta beror troligen på att en utökad olycksundersökning görs först om utredningen bedöms kunna tillföra ny information. Förslagen på åtgärder kan vidare delas in i kategorier efter tänkt, eller angiven, mottagare samt efter likheter mellan förslagen. Men än hälften av alla förslag är riktade mot Räddningstjänstens eget arbete, antingen gällande själva insatsen, organisatoriskt eller annat planeringsarbete eller gällande samverkan med andra myndigheter eller aktörer. En grupp förslag riktar sig mot verksamhetsutövaren och föreslår förbättringar i olika delar av dessas Systematiska brandskyddsarbete. Två mindre grupper förslag ger förslag på förbättringar efter handhavandefel respektive på förändringar av produkter samt att denna information ska delges verksamhetsutövare/återförsäljare eller producent. Några förslag faller inte inom någon utav de övriga kategorierna.Konstateras görs också att i princip alla förslag är konkreta och genomförbara samt att dessa förslag kan generaliseras utanför sitt ursprungliga sammanhang till en större kontext. Samt att denna typ av kvalitativ metaanalys kan vara ett led i CHAIN-modellens genomförande.