Orientador: Luis Eduardo Evangelista de Araujo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T01:12:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_SilvaniaAlvesde_M.pdf: 47841969 bytes, checksum: 80b56cd870f97d9119c7f4935d7685ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos o fenômeno de transparência induzida eletromag-neticamente (EIT) em sistemas de três níveis nas configurações lambda, V e cascata. Nestes sistemas, a transparência de um feixe de prova é induzida por um feixe de acoplamento mais forte. Uma comparação sistemática da largura do sinal de EIT e da dispersão no meio para os três sistemas, usando diferentes valores relativos de comprimento de onda dos dois feixes, é apresentada para meios atômicos alargados inomogeneamente. A dependência da EIT com o ângulo entre os feixes de prova e acoplamento é também investigada. Observamos que, embora os sinais de EIT mais estreitos e profundos, e uma maior inclinação da curva de dispersão sejam obtidos para o sistema lambda, o sistema V é o mais robusto com relação ao ângulo entre os feixes e ao comprimento de onda relativo dos feixes. Por fim, apresentamos os resultados obtidos no experimento realizado em um sistema de 3 níveis na configuração cascata levando em conta os níveis 1S01 1P01 e 1D2em átomos de cálcio, descrevendo o uso inédito da técnica de deteção optogalvânica na observação de EIT. Neste experimento observamos EIT em uma lâmpada de catodo oco de Ca com vapor de fundo de Kr que nos forneceu até 76% de cancelamento da absorção de um laser em 423 nm induzido por um laser amarelo 586 nm forte contrapropagante. EIT neste mesmo sistema cascata considerando uma geometria copropagante dos feixes de laser foi observada / Abstract: In this work we studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced trans-parency (EIT) in three level systems in the L, Vee and cascade configurations. In these systems, the transparency of a probe beam is induced by a strong coupling beam. A systematic comparison of the EIT signal width and the dispersion in the medium for the three systems for different relative values of wavelength of the two beams is presented for inhomogeneously Doppler-broadened medium. EIT dependence on the angle between the probe and coupling beams is also investigated. We observe that although the narrowest and deepest EIT signal, and the greatest slope of the dispersion curve are obtained for the L system, the V system is the more robust relative to the angle between the beams and to the relative wavelength of the beams. Finally, we present the results obtained in an experiment in a three level cascade system considering the levels 1S01 1P01 and 1D2 in Ca atoms. We describe, for the first time to our knowledge, the use of the optogalvanic detection technique for observing EIT. In this experiment we observed EIT in a Ca hollow cathode lamp with Kr buffer gas, obtaining up to 76% cancellation of absorption of a blue laser beam (423 nm) induced by a strong and counterpropagating yellow beam (586 nm). EIT in a cascade system considering a copropagating geometry of the laser beams was observed. / Mestrado / Física Atômica e Molecular / Mestre em Física

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-06-05T19:55:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adelita Aparecida Podadera Bechelani Bragato.pdf: 1625812 bytes, checksum: 95413ba53ca51266c229f67ad3d1ee8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T19:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adelita Aparecida Podadera Bechelani Bragato.pdf: 1625812 bytes, checksum: 95413ba53ca51266c229f67ad3d1ee8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Globalization brought with it positive and negative effects and, among the negative effects, it was possible to observe the companies' search for profit at any cost, even if, for that, there was violation of labor rights, environmental impacts, discrimination, unfair competition, misleading advertising , etc. However, in recent years, a paradigm shift has begun to emerge, both from consumers and stakeholders, who are increasingly looking for ethical, transparent and accountable products and companies.This paradigm shift forced companies to change their profile and reinvent themselves, otherwise it would lose its reputation, a very important factor for business sustainability. It is irrefutable that companies seek the profit necessary for their maintenance, however, this can no longer be the main factor, that is, companies should also observe ethical standards, transparency, social responsibility in order to comply with praise The corporate social function. Thus, the problem that the research faces is whether compliance would be the appropriate tool for the company to fulfill its social function without losing the much needed profit for its maintenance. So, in order to respond to the present questioning, the research, through the hypothetical-deductive method, seeks to address the emergence of the company, as well as the forms of companies accepted by Brazilian law. Subsequently, it seeks to analyze ethics, transparency, social responsibility as forms of corporate sustainability, and, finally, to enter the subject of compliance, object of this work. In response to the problem, it is understood that compliance will allow the company to trace a successful trajectory with ethics and transparency. / A globalização trouxe consigo efeitos positivos e negativos e dentre os efeitos negativos, pôde ser observado a busca das empresas pelo lucro a qualquer custo, ainda que, para isso, houvesse violação de direitos trabalhistas, impactos ambientais, discriminação, concorrência desleal, propaganda enganosa, etc. No entanto, nos últimos anos começou a surgir uma mudança de paradigma tanto por parte dos consumidores, quanto pelos stakeholders que, buscam cada vez mais produtos e empresas éticas, transparentes e responsáveis. Essa mudança de paradigma obrigou as empresas a mudarem seu perfil e se reinventar, caso contrário, perderia sua reputação, fator esse muito importante para a sustentabilidade empresarial. É irrefutável que as empresas buscam o lucro necessário à sua manutenção, no entanto, isso não pode mais ser o fator principal, ou seja, as empresas também deverão observar os padrões éticos, a transparência, a responsabilidade social, a fim de cumprir com louvor a função social empresarial. Dessa forma, a problemática que a pesquisa enfrenta é se o compliance seria a ferramenta adequada para a empresa cumprir sua função social sem deixar de auferir o lucro tão necessário à sua manutenção. Assim, com o intuito de responder ao presente questionamento, a pesquisa, por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo, busca abordar o surgimento da empresa, assim como as formas de empresas aceitas pelo Direito brasileiro. Posteriormente busca analisar a ética, a transparência, a responsabilidade social como formas de sustentabilidade empresarial para, finalmente adentrar ao tema compliance, objeto do presente trabalho. Em resposta à problemática, entende-se que o compliance permitirá à empresa traçar uma trajetória de sucesso com ética e transparência.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers’ online purchase intention is impacted by sponsorship transparency and the use of disclosure. An online survey was collected from 135 people from 41 different countries around the world. The collected data was used to test the proposed four hypotheses and was analyzed with a linear regression test. The findings suggest that the ethical practice of sponsorship transparency negatively impacts purchase intention; and posits that an explicit sponsorship disclosure has no positive impact on purchase intention. However, the characteristic trait of the influencer, i.e. transparency and authenticity and their source credibility has a significant impact on prompting consumers toward purchase intention.

Denna studie har haft som syfte att förklara hur ytterligare hållbarhetskriterier kan förbättrahållbarhetspotentialen inom offentlig upphandling. I studien har tolv upphandlare, i tolvsvenska kommuner, intervjuats för att samla in data om hållbarhetskriterier och nyttjandetav standardiserade lösningar. Kvalitativ metod har använts för att tolka och analyserainsamlade data. Resultatet visar på stora skillnader i hållbarhetsarbetet inom offentligupphandling mellan de deltagande kommunarderna men också mellan de två folktätasteregionerna i Sverige, Region Stockholm och Västra götalandsregionen. Kriterier ochstandardiserade lösningar är något som efterfrågas av samtliga kommuner samtidigt somarbetet för hållbar utveckling ser mycket olika ut mellan de olika kommunerna. Tidigareforskning kring organisationsstrukturen hos kommuner, som en mycket påverkande faktori beslutsfattande, samt att behovet av utveckling mot hållbarbarhetskriterier och flerstandardiserade lösningar har ökat, styrks. Hållbar offentlig upphandling kan inte än ansesvara ett etablerat arbetssätt för Sveriges kommuner då pris och kostnad fortfarandedominerar merparten av alla upphandlade produkter och tjänster. Samarbete, dialoger ochrelationsbyggande åtgärder, med andra kommuner, men även med privata företag ochleverantörer förväntas öka antalet positiva effekter inom hållbar offentlig upphandling ochrekommenderas därför som direkta åtgärder. / The purpose of this study was to explain how enhanced sustainability criteria’s can improvethe sustainability potential of public procurement. Through the study, twelve purchasers,in twelve Swedish municipalities, were interviewed to collect data on sustainability criteriaand the use of standardized solutions. The qualitative methodology has been used tointerpret and analyse collected data. Results show extensive differences in the sustainabilitywork for public procurement between the participating municipalities, but also between thetwo most densely populated regions in Sweden, the “Stockholm region” and”Västragötaland region”. Criteria’s and standardized solutions are equally demanded by allmunicipalities, while their work for sustainable development differs a lot. Previous researchon the organizational structure of municipalities, as a very influential factor in decisionmakingand need for development towards sustainability criteria’s, is strengthened by thefact that more standardized solutions have been created. Although, Sustainable publicprocurement cannot yet be the definition for Swedish municipalities way of working, sinceprice and cost factors still dominate most of all procured products and services. Collaboration, enhanced dialogues, and relationship-building measures betweenmunicipalities, but also including private companies and suppliers, are expected to increasethe number of positive effects in sustainable public procurement. Such measures aretherefore of direct recommendation for the future.

Ces travaux ciblent l’étude de la relation entre la microstructure et les propriétés optiques découlant d’une céramique de YAG:Ce. Les propriétés microstructurales d’une céramique luminescente définissent sa capacité à transmettre et émettre la lumière. En considérant l’ensemble des étapes d’élaboration, de la mise en forme de la poudre jusqu’à la densification maximale du matériau final, nous cherchons à déterminer les facteurs régissant l’activité de luminescence. Les céramiques ont été élaborées à partir de poudres commerciales produites par l’entreprise Baikowski. Les caractérisations réalisées sur les particules de poudres ont mis en évidences de défauts internes à l’échelle nanométrique. Une mise en forme par atomisation, pressage uni-axial et pressage isostatique a précédé une densification par pressage isostatique à chaud (HIP). Afin de conservé une bonne finesse granulaire, nous n’avons pas utilisé d’additif de frittage. La maitrise des conditions d’élaborations nous a permis de réaliser des céramiques à microstructures variables. Certaines de ces céramiques présentent de bonnes propriétés de transparence. Les caractérisations optiques confirment l’influence des facteurs expérimentaux considérés. Nous notons l’impact significatif de la quantité et de la dimension des phases diffusantes sur les propriétés optiques du matériau à travers les mécanismes de diffusion optique. De plus, ces phases diffusantes affectent le spectre d’émission du matériau. Un rendement de luminescence maximal a été observé pour une taille de grain sub-micronique. La corrélation des caractérisations optiques et microscopiques mettent en évidence l’influence de l’absorption non radiative sur l’efficacité globale. Grace à la technique de cathodoluminescence couplé à la microscopie électronique à balayage, nous avons observé la répartition spatiale de la luminescence ou sein de l’ensemble des matériaux élaborés / This work aims to study the relationship between microstructure and optical properties of a Ce:YAG ceramic. The microstructural properties of a luminescent ceramic define its capacity to transmit and emit light. Considering the integrally of the elaboration process, from powder shaping to maximal densification, our goal is to identify the factors ruling the luminescence activity. Ceramics were elaborated from Baikowski’s commercial powders. The characterizations on powders particules put in evidence internal defects at the nano scale. The shaping steps (granulation, pressing and isostatic pressing) were followed by densification through hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In order to keep a thin microstructure, we did not used any sintering additives. The mastering of elaboration allowed us to fabricate ceramics with different microstructures. Some of those ceramics present good transparency. Optical characterizations confirm the influence of the investigated parameters. We note the significant impact of both quantity and dimension of secondary phases on optical properties through scattering processes. Thus, scattering affects the emission spectra of the material. A maximal luminescence yield has been observed for a submicronic grain size. Linking optical and microscopic observations, we put in evidence the influence of un-radiative absorption mechanisms on efficiency. Thanks to cathodo-luminescence scanning electron microscopy, we observed the spatial repartition of luminescence on the full range of the elaborated materials

L’expertise du risque biologique joue un rôle central dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de la politique sanitaire et environnementale au niveau de l’Union européenne. Depuis la crise dite de la « vache folle », le législateur de l’Union a reconnu la nécessité d’encadrer davantage cette expertise. Toutefois, si le droit de l’Union s’intéresse au cadre scientifique de l’expertise du risque biologique, il traite de façon lacunaire la question de son cadre juridique. En effet, si les exigences d’indépendance, d’impartialité et de transparence sont affirmées à l’égard de l’expert, leur application manque de clarté et menace à terme la protection de la santé et de l’environnement des citoyens de l’Union. Pour remédier à ce problème, cette étude propose des critères ayant pour but l’établissement d’une réglementation au niveau de l’Union de l’expertise du risque biologique. Ces critères ont été établis après l’analyse du cadre juridique existant, des modèles d’expertise issus des législations de certains Etats membres et tiers à l’Union ainsi que de contributions doctrinales. / Biological risk expertise plays a central role in the development and implementation of health and environmental policy at EU level. Since the "mad cow" crisis, the Union's legislator has recognized the need to provide more guidance for this expertise. However, while EU law is concerned with the scientific framework of biological risk expertise, it does not address the issue of its legal framework in a comprehensive way. Indeed, while the requirements of independence, impartiality and transparency are affirmed with regard to the expert, their application lacks clarity and ultimately threatens the protection of the health and environment of EU citizens. To address this problem, this study proposes criteria for establishing EU-level regulation of biological risk expertise. These criteria were established after analysis of the existing legal framework, models of expertise from the legislation of certain Member States and third countries as well as doctrinal contributions.

Företag verksamma inom modebranschen har idag en stor förväntan från omvärlden att agera hållbart i de handlingar de genomför. De senaste åren har kunskapen från konsumenterna ökat gällande de globala hållbara problemen inom de sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska sektionerna. I denna studie identifieras hur svenska modeföretag praktiserar hållbar marknadsföring, samt hur faktorerna varumärke, transparens samt greenwashing inom hållbar marknadsföring påverkar förtroendet för modekonsumenter tillhörande generation Y. En teoretisk referensram upprättades med en teoretisk modell om hur de olika faktorerna påverkar förtroendet hos konsumenterna. Data som ligger som underlag till analysen samlades in genom intervjuer med de tre svenska modeföretagen H&M, ARKET och Nudie Jeans samt två fokusgrupper med konsumenter tillhörande generation Y. I analysen framgår det hur de svenska modeföretagen använder sig av direkt respektive indirekt kommunikation av det hållbarhetsarbete som de bedriver. Dessutom framgår det ur studiens analys att varumärke samt transparens påverkar förtroendet från konsumenter i generation Y positivt, men att greenwashing påverkar förtroendet negativt. / Companies that are currently operating in the fashion industry have strong expectations from the outside world to act sustainable in their actions. In recent years, the consumer knowledge regarding the sustainable problems in the social, economic and ecological sectors have increased. This study identifies how Swedish fashion companies practice green marketing, and how brand, transparency and greenwashing as factors in sustainable marketing affect the trust of consumers belonging to generation Y. A theoretical framework was established with a theoretical model on how the various factors affect consumer trust. The data that the analysis of the study was based up on, was collected through interviews with the three Swedish fashion companies H&M, ARKET and Nudie Jeans, as well as two focus groups with consumers belonging to generation Y. The analysis shows how the selected Swedish fashion companies use direct and indirect communication in their sustainability work. Additionally, it is shown from the study's analysis that branding and transparency affect consumer trust positively, but that greenwashing has a negative effect on consumer trust.

Det har blivit allt vanligare att modeföretag börjar implementera CSR och transparens i sina verksamheter i syfte att upplysa konsumenter om deras hållbarhetsarbete och ansvarstagande. Som konsument kan det dock vara svårt att uppfatta och tolka informationen angående dessa områden som företaget haft för avsikt. Studien undersöker hur de två generationerna Baby Boomers och Generation Y uppfattar fenomenet hållbart mode, CSR och transparens och vilka faktorer som påverkar köpintentionen hos Baby Boomers och Generation Y från företag som engagerar sig i dessa områden. Det genomfördes totalt 18 semistrukturerade intervjuer varav hälften av informanterna tillhörde Generation Y i åldrarna 22 - 28 och resterande tillhörde Baby Boomers i åldrarna 54 - 61. I intervjuerna fick informanterna beskriva deras åsikter och uppfattningar kring hållbart mode, CSR och transparens och hur de uppfattat kommunikationen av dessa. Efter en tematisk analys av det empiriska datamaterialet har det kunnat fastställas att både Generation Y och Baby Boomers uppfattat kommunikationen av modeföretags hållbarhetsarbete, CSR och transparens som både otydlig och svårtillgänglig. Den information som kommunicerats har därmed mottagits med viss grad av skepsis. Samtliga respondenter framhöll att CSR och transparens inom modeindustrin är viktigt att implementera och kommunicera men konsensus rådde att dessa i slutändan inte påverkar deras köpintention nämnvärt. / It has become increasingly common for fashion companies to implement CSR and transparency in their businesses in order to inform consumers about their sustainability work and responsibility. As a consumer, however, it can be difficult to perceive and interpret the information regarding these areas that the company intends to. The study examines how the two generations of Baby Boomers and Generation Y perceive the phenomenon of sustainable fashion, CSR and transparency and what factors affect the buying intention of Baby Boomers and Generation Y from companies that engage in these areas. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted, of which half of the informants belonged to Generation Y between the ages of 22 and 28 and the rest belonged to Baby Boomers aged 54 - 61. In the interviews, the informants described their views and perceptions about sustainable fashion, CSR and transparency and how they perceived the communication of these concepts. After a thematic analysis of the empirical data material, it has been established that both Generation Y and Baby Boomers perceived the communication of fashion companies' sustainability work, CSR and transparency as both unclear and difficult to access. The information communicated has thus been received with some degree of skepticism. All respondents stated that CSR and transparency in the fashion industry are important to implement and communicate, but consensus was that these ultimately did not significantly affect their buying intention.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22081号 / 農博第2373号 / 新制||農||1073(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R1||N5235(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 矢野 浩之, 教授 和田 昌久, 教授 辻井 敬亘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The goal of this diploma thesis is to propose a system based on blockchain technology that is dealing with dual food quality problem in countries of the EU. The theore- tical part of the thesis explains basic principles of blockchain technology, provides an analysis of the dual food quality problem, EU market and the current blockchain implementations in food industry. The practical part focuses on the solution design of such a system itself.