The diploma thesis is focused on Industry 4.0, where all essential elements of Industry 4.0 are gradually being discussed. This thesis presents the collaborative robots and their specifications are described and then the market for these robots is depicted. Subsequently, the robot cell is designed with collaborative robots ABB Yumi to serve the educational purposes. This created robotic cell is displayed exemplary role. In the last part of the thesis a risk analysis is created for this robotized workplace. This entire Risk Analysis Protocol is attached.

The determination of economic control charts and the determination of specification limits with minimum cost are two different research topics. In this study, we first combine the design of economic control charts and the determination of specification limits to maximize the expected profit per unit time for the smaller the better quality variable following the gamma distribution. Because of the asymmetric distribution, we design the EWMA control chart with asymmetric control limits. We simultaneously determine the economic EWMA control chart and upper specification limit with maximum expected profit per unit time. Then, extend the approach to determine the economic variable sampling interval EWMA control chart and upper specification limit with maximum expected profit per unit time. In all our numerical examples of the two profit models, the optimum expected profit per unit time under inspection is higher than that of no inspection. The detection ability of the EWMA chart with an appropriate weight is always better than the X-bar probability chart. The detection ability of the VSI EWMA chart is also superior to that of the fixed sampling interval EWMA chart. Sensitivity analyses are provided to determine the significant parameters for the optimal design parameters and the optimal expected profit per unit time.

Företaget Cibes lift AB tillverkar skruvdrivna plattformshissar i olika storleksklasser för laster upp till tusen kilogram. Plattformhissar är ett mindre utrymmeskrävande alternativ till vanliga standardhissar och lyder under EU:s maskindirektiv. Masskonsumtion och prissättning tvingar företag att utveckla nya strategier för att hantera större flexibilitet och lägre tillverkningskostnader. Då även Cibes jobbar kontinuerligt med att kostnadseffektivisera sina produkter hade arbetet till syfte att göra en omkonstruktion av den bärande ramen till företagets standardmodell A5. Den nya ramkonstruktionen skulle utvecklas med avseende på kostnadsreducering, moderna tillverkningstekniker och hög tillverkningseffektivitet. Genom en litteraturstudie i ämnet, kostnadseffektiv produktion, identifierades en modell för konstruktionsprocessen som tillämpades i arbetet med omkonstruktionen.   Omkonstruktionen utgick från ett belastningstest och en finita elementanalys av den befintliga ramen där kritiska punkter identifierades och randvillkor verifierandes. Genom produktutvecklingsmetoden kvalitetshuset skapades en teknisk specifikation med målvärden för omkonstruktionen. För att identifiera tillgängliga produktionsresurser och utveckla en konstruktion anpassad till de resurser som finns att tillgå besöktes i ett tidigt skede två tänkbara underleverantörer. Tillsammans genererade nulägesanalysen, den tekniska specifikationen och de tillgängliga produktionsresurserna en konceptmodell. Konceptmodellen utvärderades genom att med teori för utböjning analysera olika tänkbara tvärsnitt för bärande profiler. Profiler och övriga komponenter dimensionerades sedan genom finita elementanalyser mot hållfasthetskrav enligt gällande standard och kostnadskrav för att skapa en optimal lösning.   Resultatet av arbetet är en standardiserad bärande ram som passar företagets samtliga tre varumärken. Ramen är uppbyggd av enbart plåt och kallformade profiler anpassad för en mer automatiserad produktion. I jämförelse med den befintligta konstruktionen har vikten minskats med drygt tre procent, den förväntade inköpskostnaden sänkts med cirka 15 procent och nedböjningen av den bärande ramens golv minskades med runt 33 procent. Vår slutsats av detta arbete är att den modell som används för konstruktionsprocessen är väl lämpad för att generera kostnadseffektiva produkter. / The company Cibes Lift AB manufactures screw-driven platform lifts in different sizes for loads up to a thousand kilogram. Platform lifts are a less space consuming alternative to usual standard elevators and subjected to the EU Machinery Directive. Mass consumption and pricing is forcing companies to develop new strategies to handle greater flexibility and lower their manufacturing costs. Since also Cibes are continuously working with cost efficiency of their products the work had the aim to make a redesign of the supporting frame to their standard model A5. The new frame design would be developed in terms of cost reduction, modern manufacturing techniques and high production efficiency. Through a literature review on the subject of cost-effective production a model for the design process were identified and applied in the process of the redesign.   The redesign started with a practical load test and a finite element analysis of the existing frame in which critical points were identified and boundary conditions was confirmed. The product development method the House of Quality where used to create a technology specification and target values for the redesign. To identify the available production resources and develop a design appropriate to the available resources two possible subcontractors were visited in an early state. Together the analysis of current frame, the technical specification and the available production resources generated a concept model. The concept model was evaluated by the theory of deflection and analyze of various possible cross-sections for the bearing profiles. Profiles and other components were dimensioned trough finite element analyses against the strength requirements according to applicable standards and cost requirements in order to create an optimal solution.   The result of this work is a standardized supporting frame that fits all the company's three brands. The frame is constructed entirely of steel and cold-formed sections designed for a more automated production. In comparison with the current design the weight has been reduced by more than three percent, the expected purchase cost has been reduced by approximately 15 percent and the deflection of the supporting frames floor was reduced by around 33 percent. We make the conclusion by this work that the model used for the redesign is well suited to generate cost-effective products.

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自Duncan在1956年提出管制圖的經濟設計以來,陸續有許多學者提出各種不同型態管制圖的經濟設計,但是在這些文章中,尚無將描點的連串檢定列入考慮者,然而在管制圖中加入描點的連串檢定實有其必要性,加入描點的連串檢定可增加管制圖的偵測能力,但是這種作法頗為麻煩,因此Jaehn(1987)提出了區域管制圖來取代傳統管制圖加上連串檢定的不便,本研究提出X Bar-S Square 區域管制圖的經濟設計以改善一般經濟管制圖未將描點的連串檢定列入考慮的缺點.我們以製程中各項製程和成本資料為因子,對經濟區域管制圖的最佳設計參數值做敏感度分析,以找出製程中的關鍵參數.另外我們應用Saniga(1989)經濟統計管制圖的觀念設計經濟統計區域管制圖.雖然經濟統計區域管制圖所計算出的成本會比經濟區域管制圖稍大,但是在統計表現上卻符合我們的要求.

To determine the economic design of control charts and the specification limits with minimum cost are two separate issues in previous research areas. In this study, we proposed a method to determine the optimal design parameters of X control charts and the specification limits simultaneously from an economic viewpoint. We also consider two types of X control charts: one is the economic X control chart and the other is the economic statistical X control chart. We obtain the optimal results by minimizing the expected cost per unit time for the-larger-the-better quality characteristic with a Weibull distribution. We consider the asymmetric control limits because of the asymmetric feature of theWeibull distribution. Also, we are considering the difference between monitoring the process by using an economic statistical X control chart and conducting a complete inspection plan. Which way is better, process control or inspection plan? In our data analysis of the two types of X control chart, we find that the optimal expected cost per unit time with complete inspection is lower than without complete inspection. This is because the coefficient of Taguchi’s quadratic loss function we set is too small. And the analysis shows us the significant parameters for the optimal expected cost per unit time and design parameters. At last, in our numerical examples for two different types of X control chart, we find that the performance of the economic X control chart is as good as the economic statistical one. However, we suggest the producer use the economic statistical X control chart with a complete inspection plan to obtain a lower expected cost per unit time and larger power of the control chart.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-05-22T13:46:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rossano Santos Noronha_.pdf: 585085 bytes, checksum: 88117b318c3e9c30134fce5bf0bdc22e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T13:46:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rossano Santos Noronha_.pdf: 585085 bytes, checksum: 88117b318c3e9c30134fce5bf0bdc22e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Devido à dificuldade em se estimar os custos de operação associados ao monitoramento estatístico do processo nos trabalhos identificados na literatura, este trabalho tem por objetivo propor um modelo de otimização econômico para a carta de controle _X que considere as incertezas em relação aos custos variáveis e dependentes do desvio em relação à média do processo. O levantamento bibliográfico efetuado auxiliou no entendimento de como a incerteza em relação aos custos na utilização das cartas de controle são tratados. Percebeu-se o tratamento dos custos bem como do parâmetro de desvio do processo em relação a média _ como variáveis discretas e que impactavam na carta. A proposta aqui apresentada consiste em tratar não apenas o desvio em relação a média mas também dois dos custos associados à operação da carta de controle _X como variáveis aleatórias de distribuição contínua, inserindo assim um componente de incerteza na sua estimação. Desenvolveu-se assim uma nova formulação para o problema de otimização. Foram escolhidas instâncias para a otimização e comparados os resultados com os obtidos por autores da literatura. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio da metaheurística simulated annealing. Como resultados, o método mostrou-se eficiente, mostrando que o nível de dependência entre o parâmetro de mudança de processo e o custo e, da incerteza que se tem quanto aos valores definidos de custo de operação impactam nos custos totais de operação do CEP. A principal contribuição deste trabalho de pesquisa está na apresentação de uma formulação matemática de otimização da carta de controle _X que trata não somente o desvio em relação à média do processo mas também os custos de operação do CEP como variáveis aleatórias. A originalidade da formulação está em considerar os custos linearmente dependentes do tamanho do desvio do processo em relação a sua média. / Due to the difficulty in estimating the operating costs associated to the statistical monitoring of the process described in the literature, this paper aims to propose a model of economic optimization for the _X control chart that considers the uncertainties in relation to the variable costs and dependent on the deviation in relation to the average of the process. The literature review performed supported the understanding of how the uncertainty in relation to costs in the use of control charts is treated. The treatment of the costs as well as the parameter of deviation of the process in relation to the _ average were indicated as discrete variables and that impacted on the chart. The proposal presented here consists of treating not only the deviation from the mean but also two costs associated with the operation of the _X control chart as random variables of continuous distribution, thus inserting a component of uncertainty in its estimation. A new formulation for the optimization problem was developed. Instances for optimization were chosen and the results were compared with those obtained by authors described in the literature. The results were obtained through simulated annealing metaheuristics. As a result, the method proved to be efficient, showing that the level of dependence between the process change parameter and the cost, as well as the uncertainty regarding the defined operating cost values impact on the total cost of operation of the SPC. The main contribution of this research work is the presentation of a mathematical formulation of optimization of the _X control chart that treats not only the deviation in relation to the average of the process but also the operating costs of the SPC as random variables. The originality of the formulation is to consider costs linearly dependent on the size of the process deviation in relation to its mean.

Diese Dissertation befasst sich in drei voneinander unabhängigen Kapiteln mit dem Forschungsfeld des ökonomischen Designs. Das "Design" von Situationen wirtschaftlicher Interaktion hat zum Ziel, den Verlauf und das Ergebnis der jeweiligen Interaktion zu steuern. In dieser Arbeit werden mathematisch-theoretische "Designs" zum einen formal entwickelt und diese zum anderen durch politische oder soziale Institutionen realisiert. Das erste Kapitel thematisiert die Implementierung von Sozialwahlfunktionen in einem kollusiven Umfeld. Es wird gezeigt, wie die gezielte Schaffung von asymmetrischer Information zwischen den kolludierenden Parteien deren Koordination erschweren und die Implementierung erleichtern kann. Im zweiten Kapitel wird dieser Ansatz im Kontext der Bestechlichkeit bei Finanzaudits angewendet. Korruption kann verhindert werden, wenn der bestechliche Akteure eine Warnung über anstehende Kontrollen erhält, nicht jedoch der bestechende Akteur. Das dritte Kapitel wiederum untersucht "Design" in Form von Markt- und Wettbewerbsregulierung. Eine Beschränkung des Wettbewerbs - durch eine Begrenzung der Zahl miteinander konkurrierender Firmen - kann entgegen der ökonomischen Intuition wohlfahrtsoptimierend sein. / This thesis contributes to the field of economic design in three independent chapters. Taking the perspective of a "designer", it derives formal solutions in the framework of economic theory and suggests political as well as social institutions to put these solutions to practice. The first chapter employs mechanism design to mitigate the problem of collusion. It shows how the implementation of social choice functions can be achieved by introducing asymmetric information into a system prone to collusion. In the second chapter, this methodology is applied to the context of corruption in auditing. Bribery is impeded by selectively warning one - and only one - of the corruptive parties about upcoming inspections. Finally, the third chapter studies market regulation as a means of "design". Contrary to economic intuition, it may be beneficial in terms of welfare to limit competition by restricting the number of firms allowed to enter a market.