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Conectando florestas e primatas: as mudanças no uso da terra para a conservação do muriqui-do-norte (Brachyteles hypoxanthus Kuhl, 1820) em propriedades rurais / Connecting primates and forests: land use changes to conserve the spider monkey (Brachyteles hypoxanthus Kuhl, 1820) in rural propertiesMaria Otávia Silva Crepaldi 05 October 2015 (has links)
As mudanças no uso e na cobertura da terra, principalmente em áreas florestais, causam alterações ambientais em diversas escalas. Uma das suas consequências negativas é a fragmentação de habitats, que causa desequilíbrio nos diversos ecossistemas e perda de espécies e populações. Investigar os fatores que influenciam o aumento da cobertura florestal e as suas consequências para a conservação da biodiversidade é fundamental para o planejamento de políticas públicas ambientais, principalmente em regiões de ocorrência de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. No caso do muriqui-do-norte (Brachyteles hypoxanthus), um primata neotropical criticamente em perigo de extinção, a existência de conectividade entre fragmentos florestais remanescentes é um dos maiores limites para a sua conservação, pois mudanças no uso e na cobertura da terra serão necessárias. A conservação desse primata requer estratégias mais integradas do que apenas a criação de áreas protegidas, sendo necessário o envolvimento dos proprietários rurais, juntamente com os tomadores de decisão. A aplicação de instrumentos políticos econômicos, como compensações e pagamentos por serviços ambientais, pode ser uma estratégia para estimular proprietários rurais a participarem de programas de conservação da biodiversidade em terras privadas. O problema da pesquisa deste trabalho foi identificar os fatores que levaram ao aumento de áreas florestadas em propriedades rurais em regime familiar de exploração e as suas consequências à conservação da biodiversidade. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município de Santa Maria de Jetibá, ES, onde ocorrem populações do muriqui-do-norte e predominam as propriedades agrícolas familiares, nas quais tem ocorrido aumento de áreas florestadas, muitas delas fragmentadas. O trabalho foi dividido em três partes: Análise das mudanças de uso e da cobertura da terra entre 1970 e 2005, identificando os principais indutores do aumento da cobertura florestal em uma região de ocorrência do muriqui-do-norte; Descrição do perfil socioeconômico, da percepção e das motivações dos proprietários rurais para a conservação de serviços ecossistêmicos; Proposição de corredores estruturais para sete populações de muriqui-do-norte, baseada na permeabilidade da matriz e na aceitação dos donos da terra. Foram utilizados mapas de uso e cobertura da terra, censos agropecuários, entrevistas semiestruturadas, métodos de valoração e compensação de serviços ambientais baseados no mercado de bens substitutos e na preferência declarada, além de simulações dos corredores ecológicos no programa LORACS. A decisão de deixar áreas naturais na propriedade rural é fortemente influenciada por fatores econômicos. O aumento da produtividade, possibilitada pela tecnificação agrícola, permitiu a ampliação da cobertura florestal no município de Santa Maria de Jetibá. O perfil socioeconômico dos agricultores entrevistados e as características das propriedades nos permitem inferir sobre a importância dos instrumentos políticos econômicos, do tipo de agricultura praticada e da percepção ambiental para criar oportunidades de conservação da biodiversidade. Programas de conservação que têm como meta a efetivação de corredores de vegetação em áreas privadas e, consequentemente, a perda de áreas produtivas, podem utilizar instrumentos políticos econômicos, baseados na disposição a receber, no custo de oportunidade da terra e no custo de restauração ecológica, para serem mais atrativos aos proprietários rurais, motivando-os a romper as barreiras para sua aceitação. / The changes imposed in land use and land cover, especially in forest areas, produce environmental changes at various levels. One negative consequence is the habitat fragmentation, followed by disturbance in many ecosystems, such as the loss of species and its populations. The study of factors influencing the increase of forest cover and its consequences for the conservation of biodiversity is essential for the planning of environmental policies, particularly for the regions where endangered species occur. One critical factor for the conservation of the spider monkeys (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) - a neotropical primate critically endangered, is the connectivity between remaining forest fragments, because necessary changes in land use and land cover will happen. The above mentioned conservation requires more integrated strategies than just the creation of protected areas, whereas the involvement of landowners and decision makers are needed. The use of economic policy instruments, such as compensation and payments for environmental services, can provide a strategy to encourage landowners to participate in biodiversity conservation programs on their lands. The present research consists in identifying the leading factors to the increase of forested areas on lands in family regime of exploitation and its consequences for biodiversity conservation. This study has been conducted in Santa Maria de Jetibá, a county of Espírito Santo, Brazil, where there are populations of spider monkeys inside little farms, whose forested areas have been increased, but fragmented. This work comprehends three parts: - Analysis of land use and land cover change between 1970 and 2005, identifying the main drivers of forest cover increase, in a region where spider monkeys occur; - Study of the socioeconomic profile, the perception and motivations of landowners for the conservation of ecosystem services; - Proposition of structural corridors for seven populations of spider monkeys, based on the matrix permeability and acceptance of landowners. The employed resources are: land cover maps, agricultural census, semi-structured interviews, and methods of valuation and compensation of environmental services based on the market of substitute goods and the declared preference, as well as simulations of ecological corridors in LORACS program. The decision to leave natural areas on the farm is strongly influenced by economic factors. The increase in productivity enabled by agricultural mechanization, allowed the expansion of forest cover in farms of Santa Maria de Jetibá. The socioeconomic profile of farmers and the characteristics of their properties prompted the influence of economic policy instruments, the type agriculture and the environmental conscience among farmers, to create biodiversity conservation opportunities. Conservation programs aiming to lay vegetation corridors in private land and, consequently, the loss of productive areas, can be implemented by economic policy instruments, based on the economical compensation, in the land opportunity cost and cost of ecological restoration, bring down barriers of landowners against conservational programs.
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Identificação e valoração econômica e sociocultural dos serviços ecossistêmicos da Baia do Araçá, São Sebastião, SP, Brasil / Identification and economic and socio-cultural valuation of ecosystem services of Araçá Bay - São Sebastião, SP, BrazilCauê Dias Carrilho 04 March 2016 (has links)
Os ecossistemas são responsáveis por sustentar a vida humana e suas diversas atividades através da provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos. Apesar disso, estão sendo seriamente prejudicados por uma ampla variedade de atividades humanas. Nesse contexto, destacamos a Baía do Araçá (São Sebastião, SP), que vem sofrendo fortes pressões e transformações ao longo dos anos. A Baía ganha destaque, atualmente, por ser impactada pela possível expansão do Porto de São Sebastião. Há um relativo consenso na ciência em relação à necessidade de valoração econômica dos serviços ecossistêmicos, destacando-se, aqui, sua contribuição para tomadas de decisão. Porém, outros valores devem ser considerados além do econômico, como ecológicos e socioculturais. A valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos contribui, dentre outras questões, por ressaltar valores que, normalmente, não são reconhecidos em tomadas de decisão. Apesar de existir uma extensa produção científica a respeito da Baía do Araçá, nenhum dos estudos publicados tratou da temática dos seus serviços ecossistêmicos. Tendo em vista o potencial da valoração desses serviços de contribuir para tomadas de decisões envolvendo seus ambientes, este estudo se propôs a identificar e valorar os serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos pela Baía do Araçá sob as perspectivas econômica e sociocultural. Os serviços foram identificados através de três etapas principais: revisão bibliográfica, consulta a especialistas e consulta à comunidade local. Para parte dos serviços não foi identificado método de valoração econômica adequado. Outra parte teve sua valoração econômica a cargo de outros estudos associados a este. Foram identificados treze serviços ecossistêmicos prestados pela Baía do Araçá. Desses, cinco serviços ecossistêmicos foram valorados economicamente através dos métodos preços de mercado, valoração de projetos e custos de reposição. Foi feita uma extrapolação de valor econômico para cinquenta anos, trazida ao valor presente pela aplicação de três taxas de desconto. Para a valoração sociocultural, foram feitas entrevistas com 68 moradores do bairro mais próximo da Baía do Araçá. As entrevistas continham três perguntas abertas voltadas à importância geral e pessoal e ao uso do ambiente. Com base na técnica free-listing, os itens das respostas foram categorizados em serviços ecossistêmicos quando possível. Foi calculado o Índice de Saliência de Smith para cada serviço identificado e, para a valoração, foi feito um ordenamento dos serviços com base no resultado do índice. O valor econômico dos cinco valorados, para 2014, foi estimado em R$ 749.342,70. No ordenamento sociocultural, o serviço de fornecimento de alimento foi o mais bem valorado, seguido por lazer e recreação, patrimônio e identidade cultural e sentido de lugar, satisfação pela conservação do ambiente, beleza cênica e conservação da paisagem, desenvolvimento de atividades científicas e educacionais, acesso ao mar, depuração de efluentes, benefícios futuros e abrigo para embarcações. Este estudo contribui, principalmente, por expor os serviços e seus valores econômicos e socioculturais associados ao cenário atual da Baía do Araçá, o que pode contribuir para tomadas de decisões envolvendo este ambiente. Aponta para caminhos futuros de pesquisa, como a análise de cenários. Contribui também metodologicamente, em especial, por ter criado novas abordagens de valoração econômica que podem ser adotados em outros estudos. / Ecosystems are responsible for sustaining human life and its various activities through the provision of ecosystem services. Nevertheless, ecosystems are seriously injured by a wide range of human activities. We highlight the Araçá Bay (São Sebastião, SP) in this context, which has come under strong pressures and transformations over the years. The Bay is currently under threat of the likely expansion of the São Sebastião Port. There is a relative consensus in science regarding the need of economic valuation of ecosystem services. We stand out its contribution to decision-making. However, other values must be considered beyond economic as those ecological and socio-cultural. The valuation of ecosystem services contributes highlighting values that are usually not recognized in decision-making among other issues. Although there is an extensive scientific literature about the Araçá Bay, none of the published studies were about its ecosystem services. Considering the potential of the valuation of ecosystem services to contribute to decision-making involving their environments, this study aimed to identify and to value the ecosystem services provided by the Araçá Bay under the economic and socio-cultural perspectives. The services were identified through three main steps: literature review, expert consultation and local community consultation. For part of the services we dont identified appropriate economic valuation method. Another part had its economic valuation carried out by other studies. Thirteen ecosystem services provided by the Araçá Bay have been identified. Five ecosystem services were economically valued through market pricing, project valuation and replacement costs methods. An extrapolation of the economic value to fifty years, brought to present value by applying three discount rates, was also made. Interviews were conducted with 68 residents of the nearest neighborhood of the Araçá Bay for the sociocultural valuation. The interviews contained three open questions focused on general and personal importance and the use of the Bay. Based on free-listing technique, the items of the responses were categorized into ecosystem services when possible. The Smiths Salience Index for each identified service was calculated. We made a ranking of the services based on the results of the index for the valuation. The economic value of the five valued, for 2014, was estimated at R$ 749,342.70. In the socio-cultural ranking, food supply was the first service, followed by leisure and recreation, heritage and cultural identity and sense of place, satisfaction by the environmental conservation, scenic beauty and landscape conservation, development of scientific and educational activities, access to the sea, sewage treatment, future benefits and shelter for boats. This study contributes mainly to expose the services and their economic and socio-cultural values associated with the current scenario of the Araça Bay. This can contribute to decision-making involving the Bay. We points out directions to the need of future research, such as scenario analysis. This study also contributes methodologically, in particular because creates new approach of economic evaluation that can be adopted in other studies.
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Dyngbaggarnas status i östgötska betesmarker : vad styr deras förekomst? / The Status of Dung Beetles in Pastures in the County of Östergötland : what Affect their Occurrence?Youssif, Claud January 2020 (has links)
Dung beetles is a group of coprophagous beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. Dung beetles have an important function by improving nutrient circulation and biological control of parasites. Dung is a short-lived resource, making dung beetles tied to habitats continuously grazed. Decline in pasture combined with shorter grazing seasons has resulted in a decrease in available dung. Other reasons can be the use of chemicals to control internal parasites on the grazing animals. This has contributed to the fact that half of the dung beetles in Sweden are endangered. The aim of the present study was to analyze data on dung beetles from the County Administration Board in Östergötland and see if species communities have changed between 2001-2019. In addition, the effect of sand as soil type was studied by comparing the species richness between pastures with and without sand. Analysis whether there was any variation among species richness and species communities depending of grazing animals was also performed. Results showed that the number of species had increased over time and that changes in species communities had occurred. Pastures with sand had more species, however, the amount of sand in the nearest surroundings was of less importance. Dung beetles were found to have a preference when choosing dung-type. Pastures with dung from multiple species of grazing animals were found having the highest species richness. Studies on this would clarify even further what seems to favor dung beetles, this could then be applied to other areas to counteract the loss of species.
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Projects as the enablers of ecosystem’s emergence : The case of the connected autonomous mobility / Les projets comme facilitateurs de l'émergence d'écosystème : Le cas de la mobilité connectée autonomeMarcocchia, Giulia 25 March 2019 (has links)
La thèse porte sur les formes de management pertinentes de projets d’innovation à forte composante systémique, disruptive et digitale, et qui contribuent à la structuration d’un écosystème. En effet, ces types d’innovation deviennent historiquement de plus en plus nombreuses étant donnée la connexion croissante des objets/services/entreprises/pouvoirs publics et les nouvelles possibilités de business croisés qui en résultent. Les informations fournies par la littérature existante permettent aux gestionnaires de prendre des décisions stratégiques lorsque les règles du jeu sont définies par des acteurs connus, mais pas lorsque les acteurs et l'environnement sont progressivement définis. De nos jours, les responsables d'institutions privées et publiques doivent s'aligner sur des conditions internes et externes variables, des perspectives temporelles et un système de demande mal défini. Ils manquent de conseils sur la façon de procéder. Les questions de recherche émergeant d’enquêtes empiriques et théoriques sont les suivantes: 1. Comment un projet d’écosystème peut-il être géré? Existe-t-il un schéma spécifique et quelles sont les variables du pilotage de projet? 2. Quels sont les processus de pilotage les plus stratégiques pour la sélection de projets d'innovation liés à la structuration des écosystèmes? Quelles sont les variables organisationnelles et les variables médiatrices de la structuration écosystémique? 3. Quels sont les artefacts de gestion les plus adéquats pour soutenir le processus d'exploration dans le contexte d'un projet d'écosystème? Afin d’étudier les dynamiques à l’œuvre, et d’instrumenter leur pilotage, le travail de recherche porte sur le cas de la mobilité connectée, observée par la participation à trois projets, suivant les usages qui se définissent sous l’impulsion des OEMs, et sous les initiatives des usagers (véhicule autonome, connecté, électrique, partagé). Les projets choisis portent sur la diffusion de l’infrastructure de recharge rapide du véhicule électrique, la création d’un prototype de marketplace pour les données collectées par les véhicules, et le développement de services autour du véhicule autonome. Tous constituent un terrain particulièrement perturbé par le trend de connexion, obligeant à une reconfiguration des acteurs, de leurs politiques partenariales, leur business model (ex : Uber, Google Car…). D’où le besoin actuel de réactualisation des outils et des théories existantes en management de l’innovation.L’analyse des données collectées permets de répondre aux questions posées. Suite à l’Identification des management challenges spécifiques aux projets d’innovation systémique et disruptive, nous avons développé un cadre d’analyse et d’action intégrant les trois logiques théoriques sous-jacentes (platform leadership / systemic innovation, disruptive innovation / design driven innovation, digital business model). Nous avons identifié et caractérise une typologie de projet, le Proto-ecosystem project, qui permet aux acteurs la création de connaissances, compétences et liens qui participent à la structuration d’un écosystème. Nous avons identifié le processus-type par étape finalise’ à l’alignement des partenaires des projets observés et les artefacts plus performants dans cette démarche. Nous avons indiqué les limitations de cette recherche et les possibles évolutions pour l’avenir. / The thesis deals with the relevant forms of management of innovation projects with a strong systemic, disruptive and digital component, which contribute to the structuring of an ecosystem. Indeed, these types of innovation are becoming more and more numerous given the growing connection of objects / services / companies / public authorities and the resulting new cross-business opportunities.The insights provided by existing literature enable managers to perform strategic decision making when rules of the game are set among known actors, but not when the actors and the environment are progressively defined. Nowadays, managers from private and public institutions need to get aligned with variable internal, external conditions, time perspectives, and ill-defined demand system; they miss guidance on how proceeding with it. The research questions emerging from empirical and theoretical investigations are the following: 1. How can an ecosystem project be managed? Is there a specific pattern, and which are the variables of project steering? 2.Which are the most strategically performing steering processes for the selection of innovation projects related to ecosystem structuring? Which are the organizational variables and the mediating variables toward eco-systemic structuring? 3. Which are the more adequate management artefacts to support the exploration process in a context of ecosystem project?In order to study the dynamics at work, and to instrumentalise their management, the research work focuses on the case of connected mobility, observed through the participation in three projects, according to the uses defined by the impetus of OEMs, and under the initiatives of users (autonomous vehicle, connected, electric, shared). The projects chosen concern the diffusion of the fast charging infrastructure of the electric vehicle, the creation of a prototype marketplace for the data collected by the vehicles, and the development of services enabled by the autonomous vehicle. All of them constitute a terrain particularly disrupted by the trend of connection, forcing a reconfiguration of actors, their partnership policies, their business model (ex: Uber, Google Car ...). Hence the current need to update existing tools and theories in innovation management. The analysis of the data collected provides elements to answer the research questions. Following the identification of management challenges specific to systemic and disruptive innovation projects, we have developed a framework of analysis and action integrating the three underlying theoretical logic (platform leadership / systemic innovation, disruptive innovation / design driven innovation, digital business model). We have identified and characterized a project typology, the Proto-ecosystem project, which enables stakeholders to create the knowledge, skills and connections that contribute to the structuring of an ecosystem. We have identified the typical process by stage finalized to the alignment of the partners of the observed projects and the more efficient artifacts in this alignment process. We have indicated the limitations of this research and the possible future evolutions.
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Urbanization, agricultural intensification, and environmental services: A spatial analysisSteinhübel, Linda 25 October 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Värdet av hållbarhetsrapportering : En kvalitativ studie i hur hållbarhetsrapportering kan påverka investeringsbeslutLindberg, Jonas, Wilhelmsson, Oskar January 2020 (has links)
Dagens samhälle lägger mer fokus på hållbarhet än tidigare, där institutionella investerare är en central aktör, vilket gör att intresset för hållbara investeringar växer. Institutionella investerare har skiftat fokus mot mer hållbara investeringar på grund av press från deras kunder och företagen har idag ett stort socialt ansvar, grundat på sociala-, bolagsstyrnings- och miljökriterier. Aktörer på finansmarknaden erbjuder idag ett stort antal gröna fonder, där de ställer hållbarhetskrav på bolaget som ingår i fonden. Företagen som ger ut hållbarhetsrapporten har även ett ökat engagemang för att ge ut rapporter av hög kvalité, samtidigt som kraven på rapporterna har ökat. 2014 presenterades ett nytt EU-direktiv som ligger till grund för den svenska lagstiftning som trädde i kraft 2016. Den nya lagen innehåller bestämmelser om att bolag med en viss storlek ska upprätta en hållbarhetsrapport och företagen ska även lämna upplysningar kring sociala förhållanden, miljö, personal, korruption och mänskliga rättigheter. Vilka icke-monetära värde som skapas genom en hållbarhetsrapport har till viss del undersökts, men vilka faktorer som bidrar till detta värde har inte tydligt förklarats. Därav var syftet med studien att genom ett tjänstelogiskt perspektiv förstå vilka värdefaktorer i hållbarhetsrapporteringen som påverkar värdeförslaget baserat på icke-monetära värden till institutionella investerare. Genom förståelse för existerande brister i dagens hållbarhetsrapporter kopplat till lagkrav och extern granskning var syftet att presentera hur ett tydligare värdeförslag kan uppnås i framtiden. I studien tillämpades en kvalitativ ansats där telefonintervjuer genomfördes med 11 respondenter med goda kunskaper inom området. Resultatet visar på att det finns värdefaktorer som skapar ett värdeförslag idag, där de mest centrala faktorerna var information kring risker och möjligheter, samt hur bolagets självkännedom kan gynna både företagets interna verksamhet och externa kommunikation. De främsta bristerna som i hållbarhetsrapporterna var bristen på jämförbarhet och bristen på tydliga, kvantifierbara mål. För att skapa ett tydligare värdeförslag föreslogs fortsatt samarbete mellan aktörerna, en ökad extern granskning, enhetliga ramverk samt ändrat lagstiftning för att driva utvecklingen kring rapporteringen framåt.
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Improving Transitional Care for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: The Role of Narrative RepairJanuary 2020 (has links)
abstract: Traditional healthcare narratives have set the stage for the care of the population with Severe Mental Illness (P-SMI). Thus far, two prevailing health strategies anchor services for mental illnesses, acute psychiatric care, and mental health, psychosocial rehabilitation. Between these, care transitions mediate PSMI’s needs and their movements from the hospital to the community and home. However, as individuals with Severe Mental Illness (i-SMI’s) leave the hospital, time is short with little opportunity to make known authentic narratives born out of self-evidence. After transitional care, maintenance treatment re-centers these individuals back into a playbook with operatives of pathology and disability and inconsistencies with the narratives on recovery and rehabilitation.
This project sought to hear i-SMI’s stories and propose how their experience can be used to create a new “counter” story of transition that empowers these individuals through a better understanding of their “space”: conceptualized here, as all that surrounds them and is dynamic and responsive to their interactions and needs. Underpinning this inquiry is a post-modernist conversation that converges on the critical perspectives in the theory of architecture, philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and the aesthetic practice of psychiatric nursing in the context of transitional care. A qualitative paradigm of narrative repair guides an ethical appraisal, “deprivation of opportunity,” and “infiltrated consciousness,” regarding relational power dynamics that are at work in healthcare master narratives.
Narrative findings of this study reveal that identity and agency come together in a personal space of safety born out of a core sense of self, belonging, and control. Space emerges within the self-narrative as physical sensibilities in the constructs of agency and safety, and as with emotional responses, metaphor and meaning can repair personal transitions.
The counterstory derived from the narrative findings reveals: Equitable relational dynamics attune social space, the physical environment, and meaning, as a response to the dismissiveness and overcontrolling health professional power. Thus, the journey toward narrative repair from the perspective of i-SMI’s uncovers a deeper counternarrative, Ecosystem of Space: the manifestation of a personal architecture for healing, making a systematic organic-space-experience for the core sense of self to transition and flourish. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2020
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Consequences of Coral-Algal Phase Shifts for Tropical Reef Ecosystem FunctioningRoth, Florian 07 1900 (has links)
Tropical coral reefs provide important ecosystem goods and services that are supported by one or more ecosystem functions (e.g., recruitment, primary production, calcification, and nutrient recycling). Scleractinian corals drive most of these functions, but a combination of global and local anthropogenic stressors has caused persistent shifts from coral- to algae-dominated benthic reef communities globally. Such phase shifts likely have major consequences for ecosystem functions; yet, related knowledge is scarce in general, but particularly at the community level, under ‘in situ’ conditions, and under the influence of changing environmental variables. Thus, we conducted a series of interconnected in situ experiments in coral- and algae-dominated reef communities in the central Red Sea, combining traditional community ecology approaches with novel metabolic and biogeochemical assessments from December 2016 to January 2018. Specifically, we (i) examined the influence of coral-algal phase shifts on recruitment and succession patterns, (ii) assessed the role of benthic pioneer communities in reef carbon and nitrogen dynamics, (iii) developed a novel approach to measure functions of structurally complex reef communities in situ, and (iv) quantified biogeochemical functions of mature coral- and algae-dominated reef communities. The findings suggest that coral-algal phase shifts fundamentally modify critical reef functions at different levels of biological organization, namely from pioneer to mature reef communities. For example, community shifts, through a lower habitat complexity and grazing pressure, decreased the number of coral recruits by >50 %, thereby inhibiting the replenishment of adult coral populations. At the same time, a 30 % higher productivity (annual mean) and increased organic carbon retention in algae-dominated communities supported a fast biomass accumulation and community growth, altering the habitat-specific community metabolism and reef biogeochemistry. Seasonal warming amplified these functional differences between coral- and algae-dominated communities, likely promoting a positive feedback loop of reef degradation under predicted ocean warming. Overall, this dissertation provides quantitative data on critical functions of classical and phase shifted novel reef communities, on tipping points for the collapse of community functions, and potential future winners and losers. The knowledge gained with this thesis helps, thereby, to understand how phase-shifted reef ecosystems function and which services will be generated in comparison to coral-dominated reefs under near-future stress scenarios.
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Assessing the potential impact of a mass coral bleaching event on Red Sea fisheriesShellem, Claire 04 1900 (has links)
Worldwide, coral reefs are recognized as highly valuable ecosystems offering numerous environmental and economic services. In Saudi Arabia, the primary ecosystem service derived from coral reefs is the support of reef-based fisheries, accounting for ~75% of total fisheries landing in the kingdom. Saudi Arabian reefs experienced high fishing pressure for decades due to the growing population and associated fishing pressure. Despite the importance of the provisioning service there are limited ecosystem services valuations for this region. In the wake of a 2015 mass bleaching event, we quantified the effect of habitat degradation on the potential fisheries revenue in the central southern Red Sea. We conducted in situ reef fish surveys in 2014 and 2015 before the bleaching event and in 2019, nearly four years after the bleaching event. Using species-specific prices collected from local fish markets, we calculated values per hectare from multiple reefs in this region, to assess how the reef-based fishery was impacted by the bleaching event. A loss in live hard and soft coral cover was recorded after the bleaching event with associated shifts in the dominance of commercially important fish species. Notably, prior to bleaching, a larger proportion of the high value carnivorous species (70% carnivores, 25% herbivores) dominated the fish assemblage whereas post-bleaching reefs had a higher dominance of lower-valued herbivorous species (25% carnivores, 50% herbivores). While the total revenue was not significantly different before (7,913 USD/hectare) to after the bleaching event (6,814 USD/hectare), the loss of high value species observed suggests that if reefs continue to degrade there are potential negative flow-on effects impacting fisheries provisioning with time. Overall, an increasing percentage of live hard coral cover was positively correlated with fisheries revenue per reef, further providing evidence for the potential loss of revenue in degraded reef ecosystems in the region.
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Integrated Spatial Analysis and Community Participation for Tropical Peat Ecosystem Revitalization: Case Study on Tebing Tinggi Island, Riau Province, Indonesia / 熱帯泥炭エコシステム回復のための空間分析と住民参加の統合モデルの可能性―インドネシア・リアウ州のトゥビン・ティンギ島の事例より―Dheny, Trie Wahyu Sampurno 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第22562号 / 地博第265号 / 新制||地||100(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 岡本 正明, 准教授 甲山 治, 准教授 柳澤 雅之, 教授 水野 広祐 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
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