Orientador: Monica Fürkotter / Banca: Claudia Maria de Lima / Banca: Helena Faria de Barros / Resumo: Este trabalho está vinculado à linha de pesquisa "Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e Educação", do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - FCT/Unesp, Campus de Presidente Prudente. Com a implantação das Salas Ambiente de Informática (SAI) a Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo (SEE/SP) promoveu, por meio do Núcleo Regional de Tecnologia Educacional de Presidente Prudente (NRTE/PP), ações de formação de professores para o uso da Informática Educacional. Apesar do número considerável de professores já "capacitados", a SAI ainda é pouco utilizada, pressupondo a não incorporação desta tecnologia à prática pedagógica dos professores. Esta situação motivou o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, de natureza documental, que tem por objetivo analisar a concepção do modelo de formação presente nas oficinas do Programa de Educação Continuada - Informática Educacional, realizadas no período de 2001 a 2003, na Diretoria de Ensino - Região de Presidente Prudente. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o modelo de formação não contempla os princípios apontados nos trabalhos de Nóvoa (1992), Garcia (1999), Zeichner (1993), Pimenta, Almeida (2000), Garcia (1999), Imbernón (2000), Papert (1985, 1994) e Valente (1993, 1999), dentre outros pesquisadores. Isso pode explicar porque os professores utilizam pouco a SAI. / Abstract: This work is linked to the research named "Information Technologies and Communication and Education" in the Program of Pos Graduation in Education, in the Science and Technology College - FCT / Unesp, Presidente Prudente Campus. Having the implantation of rooms for Computer Studies (IAS) the São Paulo State Department of Education (SEE / SP) promoted, through the Regional Center of Educational Technology of Presidente Prudente (NRTE / PP), courses of teaching training for the use of Educational Information Technology. Despite of the considerable number of teachers that have trained for that or that able for that, the SAI is not being used a lot, assuming the non-incorporation of this technology to the pedagogical practice of teachers. This situation has motivated the development of research with a qualitative approach, a documentary, which aims to analyze the design of the model in workshops to train the Education Continuing Program - Educational Computing, made between the periods from 2001 to 2003, in the Education Department - Region of Presidente Prudente. The survey results indicate that the type of training does not include the principles highlighted in work about Nóvoa (1992), Garcia (1999), Zeichner (1993), Pimenta, Almeida (2000), Garcia (1999), Imbernón (2000), Papert (1985, 1994) and Valente (1993, 1999), among other researchers. This may explain why the teachers use the SAI not so much. / Mestre

Esta tese consiste num estudo exploratório-descritivo quali-quantitativo de caráter interdisciplinar, que busca compreender de que modo a Cultura Digital influencia a prática musical, quais recursos são utilizados e que funções desempenha na performance musical. Apoiada na ideia de que os avanços na performance e a concepção de diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem musical mediadas pelas tecnologias podem ser atribuídas ao nível de inserção dos sujeitos na Cultura Digital do seu contexto sociocultural, a investigação orienta-se pela seguinte questão: “De que modo a Cultura Digital afeta a performance musical?” A metodologia envolve o emprego de três procedimentos principais: 1) revisão bibliográfica, incluindo o uso de softwares na performance musical e o contexto da amusia; 2) aplicação de um questionário on-line e 3) entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco músicos profissionais experientes. Participaram da pesquisa 50 sujeitos maiores de idade, sendo estes estudantes, amadores ou profissionais da área da música. Os resultados mostraram acentuada influência da Cultura Digital, notadamente por meio da utilização de softwares de confecção e arquivamento de partituras e de edição de áudio, de aplicativos de gravação e de manutenção de afinação e de andamento no âmbito da preparação da execução musical. Na performance ao vivo, são empregados principalmente softwares de leitura de partitura digitalizada e de gravação da apresentação para posterior divulgação. Constatou-se que a Internet se configura como recurso de pesquisa, aprendizagem, estudo, ensaio, difusão e compartilhamento da produção musical. Foi encontrada predominância de maior utilização de novas tecnologias digitais entre músicos dedicados à música popular e do gênero masculino. A Cultura Digital verificada nas práticas musicais dos sujeitos desta pesquisa mostrou ser capaz de transformar os modos de aprender e de se relacionar com a música, com repercussões positivas no desenvolvimento da musicalidade. No contexto da Educação Musical, a Cultura Digital se faz presente desde o planejamento pedagógico, na pesquisa de materiais, no implemento de recursos tecnológicos como aplicativos de apoio ao estudo e à execução, até a gravação das aulas e difusão da performance dos sujeitos em situação de autoaprendizagem. Os achados do presente estudo mostram que a Educação Musical e a performance musical podem contar com o apoio de recursos tecnológicos específicos que mobilizam de modo autônomo as aprendizagens essenciais de planejamento, concepção, estudo, ensaio e registro do desempenho musical dos músicos. / This thesis consists of an exploratory-descriptive qualitative and quantitative interdisciplinary study which seeks to understand the way in which digital culture influences musical practice, what resources are used and the role of digital culture in musical performance. Based on the idea that progress in musical performance and the conception of different strategies of technologymediated musical learning can be attributed to the level of insertion of individuals in the digital culture of their sociocultural context, this investigation is guided by the following question: How does digital culture affect musical performance? The methodology involves the use of the main procedures: 1) bibliographic review, including the use of softwares during musical performance and the context of amusia; 2) application of an online questionnaire, and 3) semi-structured interviews with five experienced professional musicians. Research involved the participation of a group of fifty adults, formed by students, amateurs and professionals from the field of music. Results showed strong influence of digital culture, notably through the use of softwares to create and save sheet music and to edit audio, apps for recording, staying in tune and keeping tempo of music in preparation for a performance. In live performance, softwares are mainly used read scanned digital sheet music and to record presentations for further release. The internet was found to be a means for researching, learning, rehearsing, disseminating and sharing one's musical production. A greater tendency to use new technologies was found among male popular musicians. The digital culture seen in the musical practices of the subjects of this research revealed to be able to transform their ways of learning and relating to music, with positive repercussions in the development of musicality. In the context of music education, digital culture is present at many stages, from pedagogical planning, research on materials and implementation of technological resources, such as apps to support music study and performance, to recording lessons and releasing performances of individuals in learning situation. The findings of this study show that music education and musical performance may count on the support of specific technological resources that mobilise in an autonomous way the essential lessons of planning, conception, study, rehearsal and documentation of musical performance.

The problems with which this study is concerned are to determine the applicability of the systems analysis process to educational settings and to provide data concerning the beliefs and attitudes of educators concerning educational computing. A questionnaire was used in a case study of a medium-sized Texas independent school district to measure the beliefs and attitudes of educators toward educational applications of computers. Chi-square goodness of fit tests that use specified frequencies were applied for each statement and each corresponding distribution of responses.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether working in the field of deaf education, as opposed to general education, results in a higher level of technology integration. A secondary goal was to determine if deaf educators who are deaf integrate technology at a higher level than their hearing counterparts. The instrument chosen for this study was the LoTi Technology Use Profile, a tool used to explore the role of technology in the classroom. A total of 92 participates were included in the study of which 48 were regular educators and 44 were deaf educators. The participants were selected from a population pool whereby teachers were presumably pre-disposed to using technology based upon their attendance at a technology training session in the form of a conference or a class. Deaf educators as a whole did not perform as well as general educators on the LoTi scales. Given the fact that the technology-minded general educators who comprised the sample population of this study scored exceptionally high on the LoTi scales, further research is needed to ensure comparability between the two groups. The findings of the current study do suggest, though, that deaf educators who are deaf have the potential to integrate technology to a greater degree than deaf educators who are hearing. Thus, a primary recommendation is to conduct a national LoTi survey of typical, rather than technology-minded, deaf educators as a comparison to the 2004 national survey of typical general educators.

The 21st century is now in the second decade and the need for 21st century skills is discussed at all levels of education as necessary for student success in the future. Federal, state, and districts are addressing this need and have written technology plans to address 21st century skills needed. the purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the knowledge of 21st century educational technology. the data includes seven recorded interviews from two separate research projects covering two models of education as teachers discuss teaching, learning, and technology. the data studied determines how educational technology perceived in the school environments has been integrated into the classrooms. the initial scripting of video interviews from two research projects began the analysis of data. Particular themes emerged in response to questions established by the two separate research projects focused on classroom, school, and district environmental arrangements that examined; teaching responsibilities and practices; student learning opportunities; and how technology is woven throughout instruction. Further exploration of themes stemmed from analysis conducted with the qualitative software program, NVivo 9. the themes discussed in this paper relate to instructor perceptions of teaching, learning, classroom procedures, and the role technology plays in each. Also noted are the factors beyond the teacher’s responsibility and set rules that include the school environment, district expectations, and supported teaching strategies for the schools. the teachers expressed their view that technology is an important support for learning and that they used technology to accomplish many of the tasks related to supporting teaching and learning. As perceived by the teachers, a major component that surfaced as a result of the analysis was children’s technology use was most drastically influenced by the expectations of the instructional leader to develop and the need to foster 21st century learning strategies such as critical thinking skills, self-assessment, and problem solving. Therefore, the school environment and expectations of the administrative level of management in the school systems, made the most impact on the learning opportunities the students were afforded where technology was an appropriate tool for learning.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Camilo Gabriel.pdf: 754954 bytes, checksum: e36fdc7afd9f8c32621590c63da85056 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to examine the introduction of Educational Computing and its practices in the municipal schools of São Paulo. The study begins in 1994 with Decree 34.160/1994, which established Educational Computing Laboratories (LIEs) in the São Paulo Municipal Public School System, and continues until 2013 with the publishing of Decree 54.452/2013, which established within the Municipal Secretary of Education the program Mais Educação São Paulo , Program for Curricular and Administrative Reorganization, Amplification and Strengthening for the São Paulo Municipal School System. The analysis examines the legislation and official documentation as well as the pertinent bibliography. In order to verify which Educational Computing practices were developed, a case study was carried out at the municipal elementary school, EMEF Henrique Pegado. Using Oral History procedures, teachers involved narrated their trajectories as teacher-advisors in Educational Computing POIE, presented the concepts of Educational Computing that they adopted, described the infrastructure and logistical conditions encountered in Computer Laboratories and adaptations realized, and enumerated their practices in a variety of day-to-day activities / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo examinar a introdução da Informática Educativa e as práticas que dela decorrem nas escolas municipais de São Paulo, abrangendo o período de 1994, quando o Decreto n. 34.160/1994 instituiu os Laboratórios de Informática Educativa-LIEs nas escolas da Rede Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, a 2013, ano da publicação do Decreto nº 54.45/13, que instituiu na Secretaria Municipal de Educação, o Programa de Reorganização Curricular e Administrativa, Ampliação e Fortalecimento da Rede Municipal de Ensino de São Paulo Mais Educação São Paulo . Para isso, recorreu-se à legislação e à documentação oficial, além da bibliografia pertinente. Para averiguar quais práticas escolares foram desenvolvidas pela Informática Educativa, realizou-se um estudo de caso da Escola Municipal de Educação Fundamental-EMEF Henrique Pegado, recorrendo aos procedimentos da História Oral, para que os professores envolvidos narrassem suas trajetórias como Professor Orientador em Informática Educativa-POIE, apresentassem as concepções de Informática Educativa que apropriaram, descrevessem as condições infraestruturais e de logística que encontraram nos Laboratórios de Informática e as adaptações efetuadas, contassem suas práticas em suas atividades diversificadas no dia-a-dia

This study examined the extent to which each computer literacy objective domain, each specific mode of instruction, and each type of question were treated in Thai high school computer literacy text materials. Two textbooks and their accompanying teachers' manuals were examined using three analytical schemes as frameworks for the examinations. The Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC) computer literacy objectives were used to classify the content in the text materials in order to determine the degree of emphasis on each computer literacy objective domain. The Hawaii state Department of Education (HSDE) instructional modes were used to classify the content in the text materials in order to determine the degree of emphasis on each mode of instruction. Bloom's taxonomy of education, cognitive domain, was used to classify the review questions and exercises in the text materials in order to determine the degree of emphasis on each cognitive level. Detailed findings are given as numerals, percentages, and decimal values. Perspectives are offered on the need for textbooks which reflect the values and feelings objectives. Conclusions were that (a) text materials focus most on the programming/algorithms objectives and tend to exclude the values and feelings objectives; (b) text materials use only three modes of instruction, focusing first on the topic mode, second on the tutee mode, and last on the tool mode; (c) text material questions focus more on higher cognitive than on lower cognitive levels.

The study was undertaken: (a) to categorize the contents of educational computing articles using a taxonomy developed by Knezek, Rachlin, and Scannell (1988), (b) to examine the trends in educational computing subject matter addressed in community/junior college journals between 1977 and 1991, and (c) to identify and analyze specific characteristics of contributing authors and their employing institutions which might explain writing and publication biases.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 4011670 bytes, checksum: 7cba108d37a26850660d8506ee997f6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / ABSTRACT The following work presents a reflection on the subjects of educational computing, the theory of meaningful learning and the study of grammar. Its research and analysis material comes from a digital object specially designed to detect meaningful learning through educational computing. The institutional material was elaborated following the teaching methodology based on David Ausubel's theory and the conceptual maps of Joseph Novak and Bob Gowin. The conceptual maps' strategy seeks to enrich the student's cognitive structures by inserting them in an active learning process. Ausubel affirms that the acquiring and retaining of knowledge are the product of an active process which integrates instruction materials with the student's own cognitive structure's relevant ideas. Following that ideal, this work describes the theoretical principles that serve as basis for the creational process of educational games as learning objects. We also consider Ausubel's meaningful learning theory and educational computing in the process of using the games to teach Portuguese language. The experimental research process had as its objective to measure, in a systematic way, the efficiency of an instrument designed to teach grammar concepts to students of 7th grade. The research subjects were divided in two groups (experimental and control), based on a pretest about morph syntactic analysis. Following the pretest, we worked with the experimental group during a period of fifteen (15) days. During this period we had sessions of pedagogical intervention using the digital instrument that contained grammar concepts in the format of an educational game. We also used hierarchical organization of learning concepts and conceptual maps with the experimental group, while the other group watched classes about the same subject given with standard methodology. When this period was over, it was applied a test to both groups. In the final evaluation, it was verified that the experimental group had markedly better results than the control group. Once considering that the control group hadn't experienced the digital instrument and the experimental group had, we believe that the results point to the efficiency of the instrument as a learning tool. / Esse trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a informática educativa, a teoria da aprendizagem significativa e o estudo de gramática, tomando para investigação e análise um objeto digital de aprendizagem, planejado, produzido e testado a fim de detectar aprendizagem significativa de um conteúdo com a mediação da informática educativa. Para a elaboração do material instrucional utilizou-se pressupostos de uma metodologia de ensino baseada na teoria de David Ausubel e nas estratégias dos mapas conceituais de Joseph Novak e Bob Gowin que buscam inserir os alunos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de forma ativa para enriquecimento das estruturas cognitivas. Ausubel afirma que a aquisição e a retenção de conhecimentos são o produto de um processo ativo, integrador e interativo entre o material de instrução e as idéias relevantes da estrutura cognitiva do aprendiz, com as quais as novas idéias estão relacionadas de forma particulares. Nesse sentido, este trabalho descreve os princípios teóricos que fundamentam a construção de jogos educacionais como objetos de aprendizagem considerando a teoria da aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel e a informática educacional para a aprendizagem de significados dos conteúdos relacionados ao ensino de língua portuguesa. A pesquisa foi de caráter experimental e teve como objetivo primordial comprovar, de forma sistemática, a eficiência de um instrumento que visa proporcionar a aprendizagem de conceitos de gramática dos escolares do 7° ano do ensino fundamental. Os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos: experimental e controle e foram avaliados através de um pré-teste sobre análise morfossintática. A seguir, trabalhou-se com o grupo experimental, num período de quinze (15) dias de intervenção pedagógica, o instrumento (objeto digital de aprendizagem) produzido com o conteúdo mencionado em formato de jogo e com a organização hierárquica de conceitos com mapas conceituais enquanto o outro grupo assistia a aulas com a metodologia padrão sobre o mesmo assunto. Terminado esse período, aplicou-se a ambos os grupos o pós-teste (o mesmo pré-teste). Na avaliação final, constatou-se que o grupo experimental obteve resultados significativamente melhores que o grupo controle, o que pode ser decorrente da eficiência do instrumento, uma vez que o grupo de controle não vivenciou o mesmo processo.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This essay presents a study which has taken place in two public schools in Aracaju-SE on Educational Computing through a Computing Program in Education (ProInfo). Its main goal is to analyse wheather ProInfo is managing to improve skills such as authonomy and critical thinking in the learning process once they are required in the knowledge society. The methodology applied was participant observation (which allowed to realize the day by day at schools concerning computing lab usage) and semi-structured interview (for subjective answers allowed new questions in order to get deeper answers from the interviewees). This study was based on pedagogical and technological principles through theoretical and methodological categories that lead the usage of computing resources in the learning process. Educational computing is in the center of some discussions and this happens because we are living in the age of Information and knowledge where information tends to be the main source of development. Therefore, schools must priorize in their pedagogical proposals not only the conception but also the assessment of computing, hence the citzen must get a holistic education which engage TIC, through which, both students and teachers would learn meaningfully. In the schools where this study has taken place the usage of computers for pedagogical purposes has provided learning once students feel motivated to learn through this tool and also they have to cope not only with an insufficient number of computers but also lack of qualified teachers. This qualification must be urgent so that it will enable teachers to use the technology in education in a more critical and attractive way so that they will better mediate the learning process itself. / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo realizado em duas escolas da rede estadual de ensino em Aracaju-SE sobre a Informática Educativa através do Programa de Informática na Educação (ProInfo). Teve como objetivo maior analisar se o ProInfo está favorecendo o aprimoramento de habilidades no processo ensino-aprendizagem tais como a autonomia e o pensamento crítico exigidas na sociedade do conhecimento. A metodologia aplicada foi a observação participante (através da qual foi possível perceber o cotidiano das escolas no que se refere à utilização dos laboratórios de informática) e a entrevista semi-estruturada (porque as respostas subjetivas possibilitam inserir novas questões para aprofundar as respostas dos entrevistados). O estudo foi norteado por princípios pedagógicos e tecnológicos através de categorias teóricas e metodológicas que orientam a prática de utilização dos recursos da Informática no processo ensino-aprendizagem. A Informática Educativa está no centro das discussões, e isso acontece porque estamos na era da Informação e do Conhecimento, em que o informacionalismo passa a ser o principal meio de desenvolvimento. Assim, faz-se mister que as escolas priorizem-na em suas propostas pedagógicas de forma mais ampla, desde a concepção de uso à avaliação, pois o cidadão deve, agora, receber uma educação holística que engendre as TIC, sendo o computador um dos meios pelos quais alunos e professores realizam a aprendizagem de forma significativa. Nas escolas pesquisadas, o uso do computador na educação está favorecendo a aprendizagem dos alunos, pois eles sentem-se atraídos para aprender através desta ferramenta, apesar de todas as dificuldades enfrentadas: desde o número insuficiente de computadores funcionando adequadamente, até à formação do professor. Esta, por sua vez, torna-se urgente e necessária para que os professores possam ensinar utilizando as tecnologias na educação de forma mais crítica e atrativa, podendo, assim, melhor mediar o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos.