Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera vad elever uppfattar av utomhuspedagogik sett utifrån lärarens syn på utomhuspedagogik och hur denna tillämpas. Uppsatsen bygger på en elev-enkät till elever från åk 1 till åk 5 och fyra strukturerade intervjuer med lärare från samma skola som eleverna. Fyra intervjupersoner har svarat på frågor som handlar om utomhuspedagogiken och hur den tillämpas. Enkätens frågor handlade om hur eleverna upplever utomhuspedagogiken. Resultatet blev att elevernas och lärarnas svar överstämmer väl sinsemellan samt med teorin. Uppsatsen visar att de flesta elever samt intervjuade lärare tycker att det är bra att arbeta med utomhuspedagogik och att det är en tillgång för alla att skolan har olika sätt att lära ut. Utom-huspedagogiken hjälper eleverna fram till kunskap från teori till praktik och sammankopplar delarna till en helhet. / The purpose of this paper is to study what students perceive of outdoor education from the perspective of the teacher's approach to outdoor education and how this applies. The essay is based on a student questionnaire to students from Year 1 to Year 5 and four structured inter-views with teachers at the same school as the pupils. Four interviewees responded to questions related to outdoor education and how it is applied. The survey questions focused on how students experience outdoor education. The result was that students and educators responses are in close harmony with each other and with the theory. The paper shows that most students and interviewed teachers think it is great to work with outdoor education and that it is an asset to all the school has different ways of teaching. Outdoor education helps students to knowledge from theory to practice and connect-ing the parts into a whole.

The subject of this study is conflict management. The purpose of this paper is to examine how teachers deal with conflicts between pupils in primary education. The purpose is also to get more insight on what a conflict is and show different strategies to manage conflicts.   To learn about how teachers deal with conflicts between pupils in primary school, I chose to do interviews. I interviewed four teachers. In the interviews we talked about: their definition of what a conflict is, what kind of conflict that are most common, and how common it is with conflicts in the school which they work at, how they handle conflicts between students, how they believe that they manage conflicts, if they have received any training or education in conflict management and if the school they work at have any special guidelines for handling conflicts.   My questions are: How do the teachers think about their own involvement in students' conflict management? How do the teachers think about which types of conflicts that can be difficult to manage? The result of the study is that the teachers often let students handle conflicts themselves and they think it is good for them to do it because it is a knowledge that we humans need have. However, all the teachers says that when the conflicts that the children can´t handle themselves, they are there to help and support. Educators' perception of what type of conflict that is difficult to deal with was different. These conflicts were: personal conflicts, situations where students do not realize that there are a conflict, and just believe that the other is just wrong, ethnic conflicts and conflict situations where students are saying different versions and refuse to change their minds. To access the time to manage conflicts also emerged as problematic in some situations. / Ämnet på denna undersökning är konflikthantering. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur pedagoger hanterar konflikter mellan elever i grundskolans tidigare år. Syftet är också att få mer insikt om vad en konflikt är och visa på olika strategier vid konflikthantering.   För att få reda på hur pedagoger hanterar konflikter mellan elever i grundskolans tidigare år valde jag att göra intervjuer. Intervjuerna gjordes med fyra pedagoger. Med de intervjuade pratade jag om: deras definition av vad en konflikt är; vilken typ av konflikt som är vanligast och hur vanligt det är med konflikter där de arbetar; hur de hanterar konflikter mellan elever; hur de själva bedömer att de hanterar konflikter; om de har fått någon utbildning i konflikthantering och om skolan som de arbetar på har några speciella riktlinjer för att hantera konflikter.   Mina frågeställningar är: Hur tänker pedagogerna om sin egen delaktighet i elevernas konflikthantering? Hur tänker pedagogerna om vilken typ av konflikter som kan vara svåra att hantera? Resultatet av studien är att pedagogerna låter ofta eleverna sköta konflikter själva och de anser att det är bra för dem att få göra det då det är en kunskap som vi människor behöver. Dock säger alla pedagogerna att vid de konflikter som barnen inte kan hantera själva så finns de där för att hjälpa till och stötta. Pedagogernas uppfattning av vilken typ av konflikt som är svårare att hantera skiljde sig åt. Dessa konflikter var; personliga konflikter, situationer då eleverna inte inser att det är en konflikt utan anser att den andre bara har fel, etniska konflikter och konfliktsituationer då eleverna säger olika versioner och vägrar ändra åsikt. Att få tillgång till tid för att hantera konflikter framkom också som problematiskt vid vissa situationer.

Each municipality in Sweden have to offer all children a place in a pre-school class starting the autumn term of the year the child turns six until it starts compulsory school. Despite the fact that it is a non-compulsory education, 95 % of all six-year-olds attend pre-school class. The purpose of this study has been to explore how pre-school and compulsory schools organize the pre-school children’s transition to pre-school. It also aims at examining how teachers’ co-operate in order to fulfill the commission of the national curriculum and how they make a smooth transition to the new school for the children. Research questions: In what way do teachers in pre-school and compulsory school co-operate in in order to make the children’s transition easy? What part of the process and which operators are most important for the children in the transition? To what extent does the school organization fulfill the commission of the national curriculum regarding co-operation between pre-school and compulsory school? To answer these questions I have used a qualitative method where I have made seven interviews as well as a text analysis of annual reports from the studied schools. Organization theory, as well as social process theory has been used to analyze the data. The result shows that each part of the organization mostly provide for the other’s interests, instead of interacting towards the purpose of the national curriculum commission meaning to accomplish co-operation between pre-school and compulsory school. Especially pre-school teachers supports the children through the transition as well as the after school center that works as an important bridge in the process. In spite of good intentions, and pre-school teachers’ initiatives to develop better equivalent routines, the organization still has a lot left to do before every part is involved and the mission is accomplished. A good organization, and good leadership, is in the end very important for the sake of the children.

The purpose of the research is to find out how the teacher of the pre-school looks at the value of the nature Pre-school. To get an understanding of what the nature pre-school enviorment can bring, we are talking about learning, knowledge, and experience combined with the everyday lessons learned from the natural world. The research is a stepping stone on the pre-school teacher’s thoughts and reflections of what a nature pre-school is. This is grounded in a view of how having options for alternative schools lead to wider research, and all conclusions where formed after multiple interviews and analysis. The results showed that the teachers involved are very positive to the nature pre-school environment and learning process. They see many opportunities for the children’s growth from this learning experience. Nature is the classroom for teaching and learning and creates opportunities for the children to use all the senses, and find out how things work and connect with each other. In the interaction between the children and the teacher they are able to take advantage in developing gross and fine motor skills, with the understanding and the connection between the animal and growth in the nature. All this information they take in from this experience is a valuble tool to be used all through out there life’s.

The aim is to examine how teachers view their leadership, how leadership is used and developed, and what kind of perceptions teachers have of leadership and how it is important to their students. My questions are:  In what ways can the teachers develop their leadership? In what ways can the teachers make use of leadership in the classroom? What do the teachers in the study consider to be a good leadership? What do the teachers inte the study think of their leadership and its´ importance to students? The study uses a qualitative research method and consists of interviews with four teachers working in a school south of Stockholm. The results of the study shows that teachers´ leadership in the classroom has a significance for students´ learning and development. The teachers´style of leadership should not be static and should be adapted to students´development level. The results also shows that teachers´ leadership in the classroom is about various tasks. The conclusions are that the teacher in her/his leadership needs to be democratic and allow students to affect the activities in the classroom, but also use an authoritarian leadership to get an effective classroom.

This research focus on key groups; students with dyslexia, librarians and teachers, and interaction between these two professional groups regarding students with dyslexia. In searching for the exchange of knowledge and experience to meet dyslexic students needs, I have in this study turned the attention to librarians and their experiences with students with dyslexia.The purpose of the research has been through semi-structured qualitative interviews with four librarians, to explore and describe how they experience their work, in working with pupils with severe reading and writing problems, dyslexia, and interaction with teachers on this user group. The qualitative approach in the gathering of the empirical evidence is based on a desire to have an indepth and thoroughly understanding of the librarians experience.All informants in this study indicate that they see it as a natural part of their duty to keep themselves updated about dyslexia and what materials to suit the dyslexic user group. The informants have knowledge of dyslexia and have great knowledge and keep abreast on the latest technology of compensatory aids - alternative tools.The informants have primary a consulting and supply function for teachers and dyslexic students, where they are consulted on  suitable material in both fiction and facts in various disciplines. The informants highlights the importance of planning and preparation time to find suitable material, as audio books or easy read, so students who have a need for this also can be provided. They also have a major role in seeking information, then todays school is very demanding on the students to seek information themselves. The informants experience is that this requirement pose serious difficulties for dyslexic students.There is some discrepancy in the informants role depending on the library that they are employed at, where assignments and resources are of importance. Interaction between teacher and librarian occurred in a greater proportion with the secondary scool librarians than with the municipal and city librarian. Secondary school libraries are direct target at school activities and assignments and secondary school librarians are situated in school. They have transparency and participation in school activities, facilitating the work to catch up and assist the dyslexic students needs, as well as interaction with teachers and school staff.The informants desire greater interaction and requested guidance to specify their work both on their own behalf, but above all to be clear externally. Since their experience is that teachers have little knowledge of what the library and the librarian may contribute with as resource in general and in particular for students with dyslexia and compensatory aids. This was particular the teachers who are referred to the municipal and city library, ie. those teachers who do not have the librarian in their immediate vicinity. The informants request more knowledge from the teachers regarding librarian skills to utilise the libraries potential as a collaboration partner.

Med denna rapport vill vi undersöka vilka strategier pedagoger kan använda sig av när relationer mellan pedagog och elev skär sig, eller för att förebygga att detta inträffar. Undersökningen visar också vilka uppfattningar pedagoger har av att relationer kan skära sig utan orsak. Undersökningen är empirisk och har utförts i enkätform. Den ansats som har använts för databearbetning är kvalitativ. Enkäter har skickats ut till 8 skolor i en mindre kommun i södra Sverige. De svarande är pedagoger som arbetat med elever i åldrarna 7 till 12 år. Alla svar har behandlats anonymt. När det gäller uppfattningen om att relationer kan skära sig utan orsak visar resultatet att några pedagoger uppfattar att det förekommer ibland. Vidare visar resultatet att pedagogerna har olika strategier för att hantera relationsarbetet med eleverna. Dessa strategier har delats in i fyra huvudkategorier, Tyst kommunikation, Pedagogisk kommunikation, Orsak och Yrkesrollen. Det som går att utläsa ur dessa kategorier är mönster som visar att; Tyst kommunikation har stor betydelse för relationer i klassrummet. Pedagogisk kommunikation visar att pedagogen har stort ansvar i relationsarbetet. Rubriken Orsak beskriver anledningar till varför konflikter kan uppstå samt hur dessa kan lösas. Yrkesrollen beskriver strategier där pedagogen står i fokus.

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O presente estudo refere-se a uma investigação qualitativa, do tipo etnográfica, voltada para a identificação e compreensão das assim chamadas alternativas pedagógicas e pessoais dos professores de educação física da RME/POA. Nesta investigação busquei respostas para o seguinte problema de pesquisa: o que os professores de educação física da RME/POA têm feito na prática pedagógica e de vida pessoal para evitar o desgaste e o esgotamento em função das circunstâncias de trabalho num contexto de mudanças sócio-culturais? Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e compreender as alternativas pedagógicas e pessoais destes professores para evitar, superar e amenizar o desgaste ocasionado pelo trabalho docente. Para fins de entendimento, neste estudo o que denominei como alternativas pessoais foram tomadas somente como medida de influência ao trabalho pedagógico, pois não foi objetivo deste estudo entrar nas histórias pessoais de vida dos professores-colaboradores. Os procedimentos e instrumentos de obtenção de informações para desenvolver este estudo foram: a observação participante, a entrevista semi-estruturada, diário de campo e análise de documentos. O trabalho de campo teve um tempo total de duração de dez meses, dos quais oito meses foram de contato com os professores-colaboradores, e dois meses foram de pesquisas dedicadas exclusivamente para análise de documentos e referencial bibliográfico. Como parte de minhas opções metodológicas, durante a investigação no campo decidi trabalhar com duas escolas e seis professores-colaboradores, a fim de garantir a representatividade tipológica. A partir das informações produzidas no campo foi possível a construção das três categorias de análise deste estudo: a primeira, a reorganização do trabalho docente; a segunda, a dupla face do vínculo e o diálogo; a terceira, a trajetória nas alternativas dos professores. / The present study refers to a qualitative inquiry, of the ethnographic kind, towards the comprehension and identification of the so-called alternative pedagogical and personals of the professors of the RME/POA. In this inquiry I searched for the following problem of research: what the professors of physical education of the RME/POA have deed in the practical pedagogical one and of personal life for avoid the stress and the exhaustion in function of the circumstances of work in a context of partner-cultural changes? Therefore, the objective of this study was identify and understand the pedagogical and personal alternatives of these professors to a void, surpass and minimize the stress caused by the educational work. For ends of understanding, in this I study what did I name like personal alternatives was taken only as measure of influence to the pedagogical work, once the objective of this study was not to go through personal backgrounds of life of the professors-collaborating ones. The procedures and information instruments to obtain the development of this study were: the participant observation, the interview is structured, newspaper of field and analysis of documents. The fieldwork had a total time of duration of ten months, of the which eight months were of contact with the professors-collaborating, and two months were of researches dedicated exclusively to documents analysis and bibliographical yardstick. As part of my methodological options, during the field inquiry in the field I decided to work with two schools and six collaborating professors, to guarantee the typological representative. From the information it was possible the construction of the three categories of analysis of this study: first, the reorganization of the educational work; to second, to double face of the bond and the dialogue; to third, the path in the alternatives of the professors.

Realizamos, neste trabalho, um percurso inspirado na genealogia de Michel Foucault, por alguns aspectos que atuam na formulação e execução das políticas públicas para a juventude no Brasil, em geral, e no programa municipal Trabalho Educativo, em específico. Nossa questão foi como podem se dar práticas de liberdade em relação à governamentalidade da política pública voltada para jovens? Buscamos na Abolição da escravatura no país a ocorrência de um discurso de valorização do trabalho e de sua centralidade na organização da sociedade. Encontramos em três decretos federais, em 1891, 1923 e 1927, elementos tanto do surgimento da categoria de “menor” no país quanto de políticas voltadas a esta população. Posteriormente, mapeamos, a partir da elaboração do ECA e da LOAS, a instituição destas leis no Município de Porto Alegre. Fazemos o traçado da criação do programa Trabalho Educativo através da cooperação entre o Conselho Municipal dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente e o Núcleo de Pedagogia Popular da UFRGS, em 1994, o subsequente processo de realização do programa e sua incorporação, a partir de 1998, pelo Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social e pela Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania. Por fim, realizamos um esboço a respeito do lugar ocupado pelas noções de cidadania, risco e vulnerabilidade nas políticas públicas para a juventude, e problematizamos como atuar junto aos jovens participantes do programa no sentido da busca por práticas de liberdade, fazendo algumas reflexões acerca de como este conceito de Foucault pode auxiliar na relação educativa. / We conduct this study, a course inspired by the genealogy of Michel Foucault, through some aspects that operate in the formulation and implementation of public policies for youth in Brazil, in general, and the municipal Educational Work program, in particular. Our question was how can practices of freedom occur in relation to the governamentality of youth public policies? We seek in the abolition of slavery in the country the occurrence of a discourse of valorization of work and its centrality in the organization of society. We look at three federal decrees, made in 1891, 1923 and 1927, both as elements of the emergence of the category of "minor" in the country and as policies aimed at this population. Later, we map, from the institution of ECA and LOAS, the juridical implementation of these laws in the city of Porto Alegre. We track the creation of the Educational Work program through the cooperation between the Municipal Council for the Rights of the Child and the Adolescent and the UFRGS Center of Popular Pedagogy and Popular in 1994, the subsequent process of implementing the program and its incorporation, since 1998, by the City Council of Social Welfare and the Foundation for Social Welfare and Citizenship. Finally, we perform a sketch about the place occupied by the notions of citizenship, risk and vulnerability in public policies for youth, and discuss how to work with the young participants of the program towards the search for practices of freedom, doing some thinking about how Foucault's concept can assist in educational relationship.