The purpose of this study was to extend the theoretical approach to environmental psychology set forth by Mehrabian and Russell to outpatient mental health treatment settings. Mehrabian and Russell have proposed that the effects of the physical environment on behavior are mediated by emotional responses to that environment, and that these emotional responses can be summarized by three independent and bipolar dimensions: pleasure-displeasure, arousal-non-arousal, and dominance-submissiveness.This project was accomplished in two parts. The primary emotional reactions elicited by a variety of six mental health clinics were assessed. Then, an attempt was made to determine whether physical settings as judged on the three emotional dimensions influenced clients' desire to affiliate with a counselor or therapist and their level of state anxiety. It was hypothesized that, as compared to clients in less pleasant counseling settings, those inmore pleasant counseling settings would express a greater desire to affiliate with a counselor, and would report less state anxiety.Raters utilized for evaluating the six mental health clinic environments consisted of 30 undergraduate and graduate students at Ball State University. While imagining themselves as individuals seeking counseling services for the first time, the raters first observed six slides of each of the mental health clinics, depicting the entrance, reception area, and waiting room. After viewing each set of slides, the raters responded to the emotional response scales developed by Mehrabian and Russell.The environmental ratings were compared using the Newman-Keuls method of multiple comparisons, which revealed that raters perceived a clear difference in the pleasantness-eliciting qualities of the six sites. Two sites were placed in the most pleasant grouping, three were placedin the neutrally pleasant range, and one was clearly viewed as unpleasant. Generally high item-dimension correlations provided support for the reliability of the scales.Subjects utilized in this study consisted of 40 client applicants in five of the six previously rated clinics. Efforts to obtain a larger sample were hindered by a low rate of intake in some clinics and possible reluctance by some personnel to impose additional "paperwork" on new clients. It was not possible to obtain any sample from the clinic evaluated as least pleasant. Prior to their initial interview with a therapist, subjects responded to Mehrabian and Russell's two question desire to affiliate questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Overall, subjects expressed a moderate level of desire to affiliate and a high level of state anxiety.Data were analyzed by two multiple, linear regression equations, utilizing desire to affiliate and state anxiety as criterion variables, and using pleasure, arousal, 'dominance, sex, and age as predictor variables. The results failed to support the hypotheses. Only one of the predictor variables was found to explain a significant amount of the variance on desire to affiliate. Client sex accounted for 17.1% of the variance (p <.05), indicating that male clients in this study expressed a greater desire to affiliate with a counselor compared to female clients. It was speculated that because fewer men were seeking psychological services, they may have been a small self-selected group who were more highly prepared than others to share their concerns with a therapist. None of the predictor variables were found to account for a significant amount of the variance on state anxiety.The interpretability of the results was hampered by the relatively small sample size, and by the non-inclusion of data from a site clearly rated as unpleasant. Also, since most previous research on environmental effects was not done in mental health treatment settings, it is conceivable that a population suffering from emotional or psychological problems may actually react differently to environmental conditions compared to the general populace.

The impact of different atrazine concentration on a chitinolytic actinomycete and the biodegradation of atrazine by this microbe was examined.Isolates were grown in pure culture in Chitin Mineral Salts Broth with and without addition of atrazine for a two month incubation at room temperature on a rotary shaker. Visual observations, analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and radioisotope methodology were used to determine this impact on chitinolytic activity. Analysis by HPLC and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector (GC with ECD) were used to determine the breakdown of atrazine.No atrazine derivatives were determined by HPLC and GC analysis. Only the 0.1 ppm atrazine concentration with the actinomycete culture demonstrated tolerance to the atrazine and showed chitinolytic activity in the radioactive assay and chitin derivatives by HPLC. SEM and TEM work determined that the actinomycete was actually a Streptomyces sp. / Department of Biology

The thesis describes measurements of the velocity-field characteristic of indium phosphide, below threshold by a direct method and above threshold by domain measurements. Comparisons, with good agreement, are made with microwave measurements, below threshold on material from the same slices, and above threshold on material with very similar properties. A historical description of the Gunn effect and domain theory precedes a description of the structure of indium phosphide and a survey of published velocity-field calculations and measurements, showing the difference between 2- and 3-level conduction band models. A value for the T valley deformation potential has previously been deduced from the temperature variation of low-field mobility by adding reciprocal mobilities due to different scattering processes. This method is examined and experimental results of other workers are shown consistent with a lower deformation potential than supposed. Sub-threshold results agree closely with other, published, measurements, using various techniques. Extended to 77 K, the subthreshold method gave results agreeing reasonably with predictions for this temperature, and very well with extrapolations from other calculated and measured data. Published high-field domain measurements made with a pointcontact probe differ greatly from others. Experiments to produce a point-contact probe and associated differentiator with a known performance, and analysis of a simple circuit model indicate that the specimen resistivity controls the probe response, necessitating different probe resistances for different material resistivities. The probe was still found fundamentally difficult to use and is suspected of causing specimen damage due to localised heating under the point. Domain shapes measured agreed with published measurements from capacitive probes, but domain velocity was higher, giving a higher valley velocity (0.76 - 0.99 x 1O ⁷ cm/s). Comparison of the deduced velocity-field curve with published calculations strongly supports a 2-level transfer mechanism.

No description available.

An extensive investigation into and charactaisation of factors influencing transgene expression following introduction of the transgoie into tobacco via Agrobacterium- mediated transformation was carried out. Characterisation of material supplied at the outset of this project revealed that this material was unacceptable for further analysis. It was thus deemed necessary to obtain large populations of transgenic tobacco heterogenous for levels of transgene expression. Characterisation of these populations (CaMV-lecA and ssRubisco-lecA plants) showed that all plants fell into one of four segregation classes based on segregation of the kanamycin-resistance selectable marker. Results showed that the majority of regenerants contained multiple nptII-containing inserts, while the presence of one or two such inserts was also found, albeit at a much lower frequency. Segregation analysis based on detection of the lecA transgene agreed, in the majority of cases, with these results. However, in a few cases it was found that data obtained from both segregation analyses did not agree, with the presence of a single lecA-containing transgene being detected in plants shown to contain two copies of the nptII-contaning transgene. This result indicates the occurrence of T-DNA rearrangement either within the tobacco genome or during T-DNA transfer and integration. Southern blot analyses allowed a detailed characterisation of T-DNA structure, copy number and number of integration sites to be undertaken. Results from these analyses revealed a higher frequency of T-DNA rearrangement within plants containing multiple inserts. However, such rearrangements did not correlate with a significant reduction in levels of transgene expression since all detected rearrangements were found to occur at or towards the left hand border of the T-DNA, that border distant to the lecA transgene. Plants containing more than one T-DNA were also frequently found to contain these T-DNAs arranged as an inverted repeat at a single locus although no significant relationship between copy number and the presence of such structures was found. Correlating transgene expression levels, as determined by radioimmunoassay-based quantitation of lectin protein in tissues of transgenic plants, with T-DNA copy number, organisation and structure revealed no significant relationship. It is thus feasible to conclude that the major contributory factor influencing levels of transgene expression is the location of T-DNA integration within the plant genome. Subsequent work concerned with investigating the nature of those integration site-specific factors i.e. 'position effect' indicated a possible role for methylation-induced modulation of gene expression. Results presented in this thesis provide an insight into the fate of transgenes following introduction into the plant genome and clearly demonstrate the importance of further exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying transgene expression variability.

No description available.

Dry Romano beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were soaked and cooked at temperatures ranging from 70 to 100$ sp circ$C for different time intervals. The rate of texture softening associated with each temperature was found to be consistent with two simultaneous pseudo first-order kinetic mechanisms 1 and 2. Approximately 40% of the firmness of Romano beans was lost by the rapid softening mechanism 1. The remaining firmness loss was characterized by mechanism 2 which was found to be much slower ($ sim$1/50th of the former). The temperature dependence indicator (z value) of reaction rate constants were 30 and 24 C$ sp circ$, respectively for mechanisms 1 and 2 with associated activation energies of 82 kJ/mole and 103 kJ/mole, respectively. / Turnip (Brassica napobbrassica) and beet roots (B. Vulgaris L.) were cooked at temperatures ranging from 70 to 100$ sp circ$C for different time intervals. Three textural properties (firmness, springiness, and stiffness) were found to follow the same trend of apparent first order kinetic theory with two substrates. Temperature dependence of softening (z value) was found to be within 27 and 35 C$ sp circ ,$ with activation energies in the range of 93 and 60 kJ/mole. / Cylindrical turnip, beet root pieces and Romano beans were packed in thin profile plastic containers and cylindrical metal cans and thermally processed in the static and rotational modes. Through heat penetration testing, process times were adjusted to give an equivalent lethality of 10 min for each product. Thin profile packed vegetables, in all cases, were found to have a firmer and stiffer texture. On the other hand, for rotational processing, the result showed no significant improvement in textural properties (firmness, springiness and stiffness) over the still counterparts. It was found that previously determined kinetic data could be used to estimate texture retention.

This study describes how changes made to the modification of a polyolefin affect the solution properties of these modified polyolefins in apolar solvents. The modified polyolefins of interest are maleated ethylene-propylene random copolymers (EP-MAH) reacted with N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (NP3D) to yield NP3D-EP-MAH. NP3D-EP-MAH is used as a dispersant by the oil-additive industry and solution properties such as self-aggregation, rheological behaviour, and its efficiency at stabilizing carbon black particles (CBPs) were investigated. The maleation of the polyolefin was characterized in terms of succinic anhydride (SAH) content and level of SAH clustering along the polymer backbone by FT-IR and UV-Vis absorption and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. The self-aggregation of the modified polyolefins was characterized in hexane by replacing NP3D with 1-pyrenemethylamine and using fluorescence to probe excimer formation between an excited and a ground-state pyrene. The rheological behaviour exhibited by the solutions of modified polyolefins was characterized from the viscosity profiles of the solutions obtained as a function of polymer concentration. Finally, the adsorption of the modified polyolefins onto CBPs was characterized by analysis of Langmuir isotherms, which yields both the equilibrium constant and the maximum coverage for the binding of the modified polyolefins onto CBPs. The conclusions reached in this thesis are that clustering of the SAH pendants along the EP backbone enhances the ability of the modified polyolefin to self-aggregate in apolar solution. In turn, self-aggregation led to enhanced thickening of the NP3D-EP-MAH solutions and stronger adsorption onto CBPs. This thesis establishes how the level of SAH clustering affects self-association and establishes its consequence on the rheological properties and adsorption isotherms of NP3D-EP-MAH samples in apolar solvents.

No description available.

No description available.