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This study examines the role of social media in democracy establishment and promotion. As social media gets more and more popular and well-developed it gives ordinary people an opportunity to share information quickly. Facebook and Egypt’s revolution were chosen as a case study to illustrate the issue.The aim of the thesis is to analyse the role of Facebook in the political development, namely in the promotion and establishment of democracy. The following questions were posed: Whether Facebook can be more liberal and control free than traditional media? Whether Facebook can be constructive and uniting media? Whether Facebook can be regarded as a public sphere?The theoretical framework assumes that social media being more mobile, easily accessible and less controllable than traditional media may be regarded as a public sphere and consequently facilitate democratic development in a country.The study is conducted with a case study method and quantitative research method. The results show that Facebook during 2011 revolution in Egypt proved to be mobile, easily accessible, uniting and non controllable media enabling the citizens to share their opinion free and facilitating overthrowing the President and consequently the authoritarian regime led by him. This confirms the theory.

Publication of an amuletic papyrus of the early post-Ramesside Period found in the tomb of Saroy (TT233) invoking the protection of the four akh-spirits. The text, which is the earliest attested to specify the names of the spirits, is analysed in the context of the known parallel texts and of the references to the four spirits.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24887号 / 工博第5167号 / 新制||工||1987(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 堀 智晴, 教授 山上 路生 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Broomrapes, <i>Orobanche</i> spp., are holoparasites that affect the growth of a variety of broadleaf crops. One of the distinct characteristics of the family Orobanchaceae is the lack of chlorophyll, and hence inability to synthesize their own food. Broomrapes subsist on the roots of the host plant from which they derive the carbon, water, and nutrients needed for further growth. Parasitism as such leads to yield reductions, and in case of heavy infestations, complete crop failure. Among other plants parasitized by broomrapes are several legumes, some of which are also the world's most economically important crops. As part of their unique biology, legumes provide an ecological niche for diazotropic soil bacteria, which belong to the family Rhizobiaceae. In return, the host plant receives fixed nitrogen from the nodules, specialized structures produced on the roots of most legume plants upon inoculation with bacteria. <i>Orobanche</i> spp. germination depends on the presence of chemical stimulant in host root exudates. It has been reported that inoculation of some legumes resulted in greater infestation by parasitic weeds. In addition, bacterial nodules were assumed to provide a place for broomrape invasion of host legume. Furthermore, infestations were observed to be more intense in aerobic conditions when rhizobia are most active. It is possible that production of the stimulant could be correlated with the infection of roots with <i>Rhizobium</i>, and that the nodules formed on the roots could play a role in broomrape parasitism; however, others have not confirmed this. Studies were conducted to investigate the possibility of interaction between <i>Orobanche</i> spp. attack and <i>Rhizobium</i> nodulation in legumes. Seed germination, number of parasitic attachments, as well as the morphology of two broomrape species, small broomrape (<i>Orobanche minor</i> Sm.) and Egyptian broomrape (<i>Orobanche aegyptiaca</i> Pers.), were studied. <i>O. minor</i> showed a greater percent seed germination, and formed a greater number of attachments on red clover (<i>Trifolium pratense</i> L.) inoculated with <i>Rhizobium leguminosarum</i> bv. <i>trifolii</i> in comparison with non-inoculated plants. However, the addition of the inoculum did not appear to enhance <i>O. aegyptiaca</i> seed germination or the number of its attachments on the host roots compared with the controls. Morphological observations of <i>O. minor</i> attachments on red clover suggest that parasitic attachments were not situated over the bacterial nodules, but perhaps involve parasite-induced enzymatic degradation followed by mechanical protrusion of host plant root cortex, possibly utilizing host plant-rhizobacteria interactions as well. / Master of Science

Yes / Purpose - This study aims to explore: the actual usage of GAS features among Egyptian external auditors, through the technology acceptance model (TAM); how the conceptual complexity of GAS features impact its actual usage; and what factors influencing the GAS use by Egyptian external auditors. Design/methodology/approach - External audit professionals at twelve international audit firms, including the Big 4 and eight medium-sized firms, in Egypt were surveyed. Findings - The results show that the basic features including database queries, ratio analysis, and audit sampling were higher in GAS use, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use among Egyptian external auditors than the advanced features: digital analysis, regression/ANOVA, and data mining classification. The SEM analysis by GAS features suggests that perceived ease of use has a stronger effect on GAS use when the conceptual complexity of GAS features is high. The analysis also support that the use of GAS by Egyptian external auditors is more affected by co-worker, supervisor, or organization through perceived usefulness, but not by job relevance, output quality, and result demonstration. Research limitations/implications - Although Egyptian external auditors participated in this study may limit the extent to which the findings may be generalized, the responses provide an insight into the actual usage of GAS features by external auditors and the impact of conceptual complexity of GAS features, which is consistent with the literature concerning the relatively low level of utilizing the advanced features of GAS by internal auditors, suggesting that the issues revealed should be of concern. Practical implications - The results reported in this paper are useful to audit software developers and audit firms in their understanding of factors influencing GAS usage in a different audit context. Originality/value - The study adds value to prior research by providing context-contingent insight into the application of technology acceptance model in an unexplored audit context.

The aim of the present thesis is translation, detailed analysis and interpretation of the Coffin Texts of the Late-period tomb of Iufaa at Abusir. The corpus of these texts is unique, because except for a few text sequences, which were common in the Late Period, there are texts that are not preserved elsewhere in the Late Period and sometimes only exist in highly fragmentary Middle Kingdom versions. The Coffin Texts found on Iufaa's outer sarcophagus and on the walls of his burial chamber consist only of such uncommon texts. Some of these are also placed on the inner sarcophagus, whereall theremaining Coffin Texts spells are also located. The thesis presents a translation and analysis of the individual texts, focusing on their development, tradition and changes between the Middle Kingdom and the Late Period, including commentaries on grammar and language use as well as on the content. Iufaa's versions of these texts significantly contribute to our understanding and interpretation of some Coffin Texts spells and present a wider view on Egyptian religious texts and their interpretation, as well as on the textual transmission and work of Egyptian priests and scribes themselves.

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Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished