<p>Wireless Sensor Networks have to be very flexible and self-organizing, providing an ease way to be deployed. This feature is required due to a wide variety of possible applications and deployment scenarios in which they can be used. They can support different kinds of tools and applications in distinct areas, such as in agriculture, military, health care, home or factory automation, among other. </p><p> An assisted living system supported by a WSN is presented in this work. The main feature of this system is to locate and track inhabitant’s behaviour. The system has been implemented using Mica2 Motes, which were placed in different rooms in a house. In order to make the use of the WSN easier, this project investigated and used a middleware called TinyDB, which represents a key technology to improve the usability of WSN.</p>

<p>After studying the city and the localization of the land, we decided our idea. At first we thought to make a student accommodation, but there is one so near of the land, then we changed our way of think making something less typical.Therefore, we decided to make an old people ́s home there because it is a quite and peaceful place next to city centre. The building ́s views are oriented to the Nissan river.The principal object of this project is to provide a place where old people can live with all the cares and where have the necessary personal to take care them.The building has only one floor, there are: dining room, laundry, bathrooms geriatric, gym, common toilets, staff areas, medical office, kitchen, storage area. The hall has very high roof with a big window, with view to the river, to get light in a very big area.Inside the buiding It have 8 double rooms and 6 single rooms, with bathroom included in each. Are also included geriatric bathrooms that satisface the needs of its users. There are two interior courtyard that give light to the corridor which serve to communicate all the rooms and the medical center area and gym. Also exists various free-use bathrooms and entertainment areas for the costumers.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva äldre människors upplevelser av smärta och vilken smärtbehandling de fick. Metoden var en beskrivande litteraturstudie och för att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes en litteratursökning i databaserna Cinahl, Science Direct och Medline (Pubmed). Resultatet visade att många av de äldre upplevde smärta på något sätt och ansåg att det var något de måste lära sig leva med. Aktiviteter i hemmet ökade ofta smärtan. Smärtan medförde att den fysiska aktiviteten minskade. Muskuloskeletal smärta var vanligast med smärta i rygg, ben, knän, fötter och höfter. Smärtan ledde till att livskvaliteten minskade och att de äldre blev mer beroende av hjälp. Kvinnor hade mer långvarig smärta och kände sig också mer deprimerade än männen. Äldre var ofta underbehandlade mot smärta och många med svår smärta använde inte smärtstillande läkemedel eller endast en låg dos. En bra läkemedelsbehandling förbättrade aktivitet och sömn. Många var intresserade av icke farmakologisk behandling och att delta i tränings- och avslappningsprogram för att hantera smärtan.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to describe elderly people's experiences of pain and which treatment of pain they received. To answer the questions a descriptive literature review was made. The literature search was done in the following databases; Cinahl, Science Direct and Medline (Pubmed). The result showed that several of the elderly experienced pain in some way and believed it was something they had to live with. Most of the time activities at home increased the pain there the pain often decreased the physical activity.  The results showed also that musculoskeletal pain in back, legs, knees, feet and hips was most common. Pain resulted in reduced quality of life and the elderly became more dependent of support. Women experienced more chronic pain and were more depressed than men. The elderly was often undertreated against pain and many with difficult pain not used analgesics or only a low dose. A good pharmacological treatment improved activity and sleep. Majority of the elderly was interested of non-pharmacological treatment and to attend relaxation- and training's programs in order to handle the pain.</p>

Background: Little is known about the impact cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise programs have on daily functional abilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of CR on elderly patients ability to perform common household tasks. Methodology: Twenty-two post myocardial infarction patients (10 female, 12 male; age 75 6.3 years) were studied. Patients were tested prior to entering and again after completion of a CR program (20 combined aerobic + strength training sessions over 8 to 10 weeks; 45 min/day). Physical function was assessed using the Continuous Scale Physical Function Performance 10 test battery (PFP-10). Results: Post-CR the global PFP-10 score increased significantly (59 + 14 vs. 52 17; p = 0.003). Prior to CR 7 patients scored above the threshold for independent living, as defined by a global score 57 units. Post-CR, 12 patients scored above the threshold. Conclusions: A 20 session exercise-based CR program significantly enhanced the physical function of elderly patients. More importantly, 55% of patients scored above the threshold for independence post-CR, suggesting that CR may enhance elderly patients ability to live independently. / Rehabilitation Science

A publicly funded elderly care that is widely available at people’s homes has been described as unique for the Nordic countries. There is much research that focuses on the relationship between caregivers and care receivers, and also about how work is organized in these organizations. However, research into how care work is organized in organizations that have implemented a salutogenic approach is limited. This is a qualitative study aimed to examine how caregivers feel that the organization of work in elderly care change after implementation of salutogenic elements in their daily work. The study conducted six semi-structured interviews with caregivers that have experienced different ways of organizing care work. Study shows that the organization of care work has gone from a Tayloristic, task-oriented and routinized work towards a salutogenic, person-oriented and personalized approach. The study also shows that dilemmas may arise in the new way to organize care work when caregivers and care receivers values and opinions differ. Caregivers then orient between sins of omission and abuse.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva äldre människors upplevelser av smärta och vilken smärtbehandling de fick. Metoden var en beskrivande litteraturstudie och för att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes en litteratursökning i databaserna Cinahl, Science Direct och Medline (Pubmed). Resultatet visade att många av de äldre upplevde smärta på något sätt och ansåg att det var något de måste lära sig leva med. Aktiviteter i hemmet ökade ofta smärtan. Smärtan medförde att den fysiska aktiviteten minskade. Muskuloskeletal smärta var vanligast med smärta i rygg, ben, knän, fötter och höfter. Smärtan ledde till att livskvaliteten minskade och att de äldre blev mer beroende av hjälp. Kvinnor hade mer långvarig smärta och kände sig också mer deprimerade än männen. Äldre var ofta underbehandlade mot smärta och många med svår smärta använde inte smärtstillande läkemedel eller endast en låg dos. En bra läkemedelsbehandling förbättrade aktivitet och sömn. Många var intresserade av icke farmakologisk behandling och att delta i tränings- och avslappningsprogram för att hantera smärtan. / The aim of this study was to describe elderly people's experiences of pain and which treatment of pain they received. To answer the questions a descriptive literature review was made. The literature search was done in the following databases; Cinahl, Science Direct and Medline (Pubmed). The result showed that several of the elderly experienced pain in some way and believed it was something they had to live with. Most of the time activities at home increased the pain there the pain often decreased the physical activity.  The results showed also that musculoskeletal pain in back, legs, knees, feet and hips was most common. Pain resulted in reduced quality of life and the elderly became more dependent of support. Women experienced more chronic pain and were more depressed than men. The elderly was often undertreated against pain and many with difficult pain not used analgesics or only a low dose. A good pharmacological treatment improved activity and sleep. Majority of the elderly was interested of non-pharmacological treatment and to attend relaxation- and training's programs in order to handle the pain.

Disturbances in mineral metabolism contribute to vascular calcification and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23, a bone derived, phosphaturic peptide, are associated with cardiovascular mortality in CKD. Membrane bound klotho(KL) is an obligate co receptor for FGF23 signaling in the kidney. To study aspects of FGF23 in mild to moderate impairment of renal function we have analyzed FGF23, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), parathyroid hormone(PTH), 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D (1,25D), calcium and phosphate in one patient with a FGF23 producing tumor, before and after tumor removal (study 1), in 72 CKD patients with varying degree of renal dysfunction (study 2), in 9 healthy kidney donors, before and after nephrectomy (study 3). We also analyzed FGF23 (study 4), and performed genotyping of 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the KL gene (study 5) in 2838 elderly Swedish men (MrOs study) and examined the association with mortality. FGF23 normalizes in 30-45 minutes after removal of a FGF23 producing tumor (study 1). 1,25D increases in hours and remains elevated months, even when the other parameters have normalized. FGF23 increase early in CKD, initially slowly, in correlation with PTH, but exponentially when hyperphosphatemia ensues (study 2). After unilateral nephrectomy (study 3) mineral homeostasis remain stable, initially due to a rise in PTH and later to an increase in FGF23. FGF23 levels are not correlated with mortality in elderly men after adjustment for eGFR, but with mortality due to cardiovascular disease, even in persons with normal eGFR (study 4). Polymorphism of the KL gene do not correlate with increased mortality risk in elderly men (study 5), but there is a modulating effect on FGF23 levels. FGF23 is of importance in maintaining phosphate homeostasis as renal function declines. It is co regulated with PTH until advanced renal dysfunction, and adjust the 1,25D to the actual GFR. FGF23 is associated with cardiovascular mortality. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism, and if reduction of FGF23 by reducing phosphate intake may be beneficial even in persons with mild to moderate renal function.

Eleven percent of Georgians and 13.3% of all Americans are currently over the age of 65. The segment of elderly adults in the United States is the fastest growing subpopulation, attributed to both average lifespan increases and a significant aging of "the baby boomer generation". Thus it is increasingly important that health and policy professionals give attention to issues of health and well-being faced by the aging population. One such issue, financial exploitation of the elderly, has received a large amount of media attention and public concern over the last several years, due to a large increase in the recorded prevalence of the problem. It has been estimated by some studies that financial exploitation of the elderly occurs in 4-5% of the aged population. A variety of legislation, both state and federal, has attempted to address and curb the problem. Like many states, Georgia has successfully passed and implemented such legislation; however as numbers of exploitation continue to increase, it is clear that all states still require a number of policy changes in order to truly eliminate the problem. The purpose of this capstone project is to synthesize scientific research dedicated to financial exploitation of the elderly and, describe current policies in place to address this problem. Finally, policy recommendations for the State of Georgia will be offered so that response and prevention systems effectively reduce the occurrence of this crime.

Wireless Sensor Networks have to be very flexible and self-organizing, providing an ease way to be deployed. This feature is required due to a wide variety of possible applications and deployment scenarios in which they can be used. They can support different kinds of tools and applications in distinct areas, such as in agriculture, military, health care, home or factory automation, among other. An assisted living system supported by a WSN is presented in this work. The main feature of this system is to locate and track inhabitant’s behaviour. The system has been implemented using Mica2 Motes, which were placed in different rooms in a house. In order to make the use of the WSN easier, this project investigated and used a middleware called TinyDB, which represents a key technology to improve the usability of WSN.

After studying the city and the localization of the land, we decided our idea. At first we thought to make a student accommodation, but there is one so near of the land, then we changed our way of think making something less typical.Therefore, we decided to make an old people ́s home there because it is a quite and peaceful place next to city centre. The building ́s views are oriented to the Nissan river.The principal object of this project is to provide a place where old people can live with all the cares and where have the necessary personal to take care them.The building has only one floor, there are: dining room, laundry, bathrooms geriatric, gym, common toilets, staff areas, medical office, kitchen, storage area. The hall has very high roof with a big window, with view to the river, to get light in a very big area.Inside the buiding It have 8 double rooms and 6 single rooms, with bathroom included in each. Are also included geriatric bathrooms that satisface the needs of its users. There are two interior courtyard that give light to the corridor which serve to communicate all the rooms and the medical center area and gym. Also exists various free-use bathrooms and entertainment areas for the costumers.