The topic ``Elitism in nursing{\crqq} was chosen based on the author´s interest in this issue, which is considered very attractive, and tributary to the present time, when nursing in our country is undergoing a revolutionary change. Nurses gain new competences and become partners of physicians, new legislature related to the profession comes into effect continuously, there is an effort to enhance the prestige of nurses and thereby to increase their status in the eyes of both the medical and general public. As mentioned above, the entire field of nursing, the nursing education system and the nursing profession in our country has been undergoing a fundamental transformation for some time, which places high demands on information, lifelong learning, free access to the latest information on the course of events not only in our country but especially on the international professional scene. Nursing is a field that has multiple layers - from basic nursing care, which is within the competence of nurses, to a specialized nursing and superspecialized care, which requires thanks to advances in nursing science the highest possible level of education. To define the elite of the nursing profession, it is necessary to specify the elite as an exclusive social group. Through this study the author tried to describe the issue of elitism in nursing in a comprehensive form. The objective was to briefly characterize the current situation in terms of the relationship between different groups of nurses and also debate over the question: "What does it take to be a nurse?" Is it the knowledge of an intricate technique or empathic wiping sweat from a patient´s forehead? The new century makes the nurse think about the concept of extended roles in nursing, which should help elevate social status of the profession. A negative feature is that a nurse has been detracted from the kind of work for which she had become a nurse - the nursing care of a patient and the care of basic biological needs of a patient. Due to this aspect, a lot of nurses believe that enhancing the prestige of the nursing profession is not compatible with the term ``menial{\crqq} job relating to nursing. The research outcomes showed that in Czech nursing, there is a status called elitism, and that there are disciplines perceived as exclusive, the relationship between professionalization and elitism was also proved. The research survey noted a big shift in improving communication between nurses and patients compared to the past years, and the author hopes that also a better communication between nurses will contribute to the improvement of relations on both sides, both the exclusive and the so-called common, because a truly elite - exceptional nurse is the one who combines education with a good character.

Disertační práce Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav hospodářských a sociálních dějin Komunální elity v Karlíně a Libni v letech 1861 - 1914 Municipal Elites in Karlín and Libeň between 1861 and 1914 Mgr. Jan Vobořil Abstract This thesis compares municipal elites in Karlín and Libeň - two suburban areas of Prague - between the years 1861 and 1914. Both municipalities were among the rapidly growing industrial communities with a significant presence of large mechanical engineering factories owned by shareholders. Moreover, Karlín also functioned as a commercial and financial center. The thesis analyzes their specific characteristics, urban development and demographics in the considered time period, as well as formation of municipal elites at the level of local government, election race and development of local politics. It also discusses the socio-professional characteristics of members of local government and their lifestyle based on collective biography considering among others their property, national preferences, social activities and housing standards and formation of family relations. Social structure in Karlín was significantly more complex than in Libeň. This was also reflected in the structure of municipal elites with important involvement of the well-educated social class, such as...

The topic elites, respectively political elites comes alive with the authors and their texts of different levels and it is examined philosophers, political scientists, sociologists. The concept of the elite, but also inflects common language of everyday life. We hear f. e. "elitists, verchuska, barons, peacocks etc. So, terms of showing the pejorative tinge. This so-called ordinary perception is often influenced by the actual operation of the representatives of this group, class, and of reflection to what occurs in practice, seen and perceived by the people in everyday life, in mutual contact or indirectly (own experience), but also media, reading and absorption of available evidence and their own conclusions about them. It is therefore a reflection of some subjective effects as a result of the power brokers and their recipients, who are but one way or another subject objectively shaping the conditions in which they operate. The topic elites, respectively the role of powerful groups and individuals, even if their social significance "fettered" the nature and evolution of human society is experiencing in its so-called turning moments (alternating power, the crisis of society, an important political, but also cultural changes, etc.) its "boom." It should not remain only in succumbing to a kind of fashion, historically conditioned atmosphere, even the media-mediated, but it should be a responsibly organized social discussion on the very foundations of the functioning of today's power elite, in which special importance is the concept of the liberal governance. This is not just about the more familiar "powerful" or look through "gossip" in a keyhole finder for this or that politician, celebrity or her family, but also the need to seriously begin to deal with issues of power, its functioning in terms of content and form, impact on other areas of the social life, and the need to reflect on just how far today's elite meet them as well as the importance progressive award or the progressive part of society that one way or another manages, organizes, and generally affects the lives of most companies. Today, even many emphasized the global meaning and context.

(in English): This thesis analyses and evaluates three Early Medieval burial sites in Bohemia: the site in Lumbe Garden, in Stará Kouřim and known graves from the burial sites Kanín II and III in view of definition of elite graves and social structure. Each burial site is analysed demographically and possession classification of male graves is made. Elite graves are the most remarkable group. They differ by the grave goods and usually also by the arrangement of the burial pit. Exceptional graves and burial sites are compared and contrasted mutually and with other remarkable graves from Bohemia. The site Saint-Estève le Pont in France is presented as an example of burial site with evident placement of members of one population in different sites according to their social status.

This diploma thesis deals with the process of oligarchization of Bulgaria after 1989. The collapse of the communist regime had created the opportunities for the emergence of a small group of ultra-wealthy citizens who had been to a varying degree involved in the process of policy decision-making therefore one can speak of oligarchy. The aim of the study is to offer a complex insight into the Bulgarian oligarchy in the years 1989-1997 while using the theoretical perspective of an American political scientist Jeffrey Winters. The other objective is to apply the parameters established by Winters for the purpose of the research of this phenomenon to the Bulgarian case in order to further develop his typology of oligarchies. The thesis put Bulgarian oligarchy into the broader context of the structural changes that took place in the country within the examined period. Based upon the analysis of the strategies for wealth defence, the thesis then presents the uniqueness of Bulgarian oligarchy. The central finding of this study is that, within one country, the oligarchs can adopt diverse strategies for wealth defence and thus one cannot speak of oligarchy in singular. The main contribution then lies in the introduction of two new types of oligarchy: aggressive and moderate.

The diploma thesis focuses on socioeconomic models of society in the La Tène temperate Europe, created on the basis of archaeological manifestation of the social structures of that time and the expression of elites. The aim of the work is to explore the theoretical basis for the creation of social models and evaluate the relevance of individual theories in light of the current state of research on the Early Iron Age. Key words social organization; elites; luxurious items; Europe; La Tène culture

The thesis The elite of town of Tábor 1848-1938 is dedicated to political life and its inseparably linked social life in the town of Tábor. Firstly this thesis charts to what extent the political and social life was connected. That is why it is necessary to target to the structure of the town municipal council, which is the second aim of submitted thesis. So that we could determinate those who were elected into the town municipal councils and subsequently into the town counsel, we have to analyse the electoral registries, although their preservation is greatly diverse. Moreover, the important part of elite of the town is its life, i. e. where its members lived, whether so-called good address existed, how big family the particular member of the elite had got. Style of life is naturally related to standard of living. Its modern form was presented by the villas, which originated in Tábor at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century and their building continued mainly at the time of the First Republic. And it is the First Republic to which the last aim of this thesis is linked. I tried to outline its development and pertinent change in the structure of the local elite. In the supplement of the thesis I added the biograms of the particular burgesses and naturally, the list of the sources and literature is linked too.

The main goal of my dissertation is to analyze the personality of Engliš, who was an important representative of the scientific and financial elites during the period of the First Republic. I will venture to explain the causes of his rise during the First Republic and aim to characterize his relations with other elites. The term "elite" refers not only to representatives of the political and financial life of the First Republic, but also to the important leaders of its scientific and cultural scenes. In my dissertation I want to address the relationships between the elite of the First Republic and Karel Engliš. Public opinion played an important role in the relations between Engliš and the elite of the First Republic, in particular as Engliš was presented in the media and how the public perceived him. His family was supportive of Karel Engliš but also caused him many problems. I have found the main material for my thesis in the archive of the National Museum (Archiv Národního muzea), the Literary Archive of the Museum of Czech Literature (Literární archiv Památníku národního písemnictví), the archive of Charles University (Archiv Univerzity Karlovy), the archive of Masaryk University in Brno (Archiv Masarykovy univerzity v Brně) and the archive of the National Bank of the Czech Republic (Archiv...

The diploma thesis with the topic ?Municipal elite in Pacov in the years 1848-1918? is focused on connecting the local political and social-cultural life. One important part of this thesis is its attempt to define the local conditions including the historical, demographical, national, linguistic and economic aspects of the town and the neighbouring region. It also defines the progress of the municipal management in the period 1850-1862. On the basis of extant written and iconographic sources, especially from the fund ?Archive of the town Pacov?, which is in the National district archive in Pelhřimov, the author tried to form a version of the individual Pacov local government and town council in the time period 1862-1918. The author also tried to form an interconnection net of the local representative of the municipal self-government using an analysis of the list of voters and other partial sources. After that the author put emphasis on the social and family relations among them, including closer biographical study of some representative families. Town address books and Roman-Catholic register offices served as the main sources. These and other sources and materials were used in forming short biographies and histories of chosen families. The aim of this thesis was also to form biograms of the individual members in the municipal elite. Another part of this thesis is the author´s exploration and creation of some Pacov family trees, whose members were representatives in the municipal politics.

This dissertation focuses on history of czech teachers, primarily high school teachers. The idea is to originate everything from the basics of history that is traditionally in rythm with political changes. This thesis is focused on deeper understanding of transformation of czech education, changes and developpement of one multilayered professional status or in the end a change of czech society in the first half of the 20th century. The time period between 1945 and 1955 is well known for its political, bussines and economic transitions. The main focus of this disertation is to show from the history of teachers which they are related to the teaching laws, the big modification that has happened at the time period. Concrete examples are presented in a detailed developpements which are different between inland and borderline gymnasiums and the way the teaching is conducted. This disertation offers complete picture of this topic, that is until now processed only in ideologically orientated publications. KEY WORDS decline, elite, high school teachers, school reforms, school laws, history of teachers