311 |
Quel modèle de capital investissement pour les pays émergents? : proposition d’un capital investissement entrepreneurial inspiré de l’univers des start-ups technologiques et fondé sur le modèle de Timmons : le cas de la création d’un fonds en Egypte / Which model for emerging markets private equity? : a proposed entrepreneurial private equity, inspired by the technological start-ups universe and based on the Timmons model : the case of a private equity fund's inception in EgyptYounès, Olivier 13 July 2012 (has links)
Les PME structurent 90% des économies émergentes. Elles sont duales, à la fois moteurs de l'activité mondiale et vulnérables à cause d’un recours excessif à l'endettement et d'une économie informelle prégnante. Nous pensons que le capital investissement peut consolider et diffuser cette traction économique devenue l’apanage des seules nations émergentes. Se pose alors la question : « Quel modèle de capital investissement pour les pays émergents ? ». La méthodologie retenue répond à la contrainte d’une littérature encore réduite et d’un difficile accès à l’information. Nous suivons en conséquence une démarche inductive et étudions, au travers du modèle théorique de Timmons, la création d’un fonds d’investissement en Egypte de 2008 à 2011. A partir de ce cas clinique longitudinal, nous induisons un modèle de capital investissement entrepreneurial, à destination des pays émergents et inspiré du capital risque technologique. / SMEs represent 90% of emerging economies. They are dual, both engine for the world economy and vulnerable because of their excessive indebtedness and the weight of informal activities. We think private equity can enhance and spread this economic traction that only qualifies emerging countries. Thus, our question appears as: “Which model for emerging markets private equity?”. We select an inductive approach to address constraints of a limited research literature and a difficult access to data. Through the theoretical Timmons’ model, we perform a longitudinal clinical study of a private equity fund in Egypt, during its inception from 2008 to 2011. We design from our research an entrepreneurial private equity model, dedicated to emerging markets and inspired by venture capital.
|
312 |
Performance of private equity funds in emerging markets: an empirical analysisSleczka, Oliver January 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Oliver Sleczka (oliver.sleczka@student.unisg.ch) on 2017-12-11T13:34:22Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Performance of Private Equity Funds in Emerging Markets_MPGI Dissertation_2017.pdf: 1511526 bytes, checksum: 5880b1437aa5a15cc2e08f09ac374e4a (MD5) / Rejected by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br), reason: Dear Oliver,
There are some corrections to do on your thesis, please, see below:
The title is different: PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE EQUITY FUNDS IN EMERGING MARKETS An Empirical Analysis
We have: PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE EQUITY FUNDS IN EMERGING MARKETS - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Page 2: In “Knowledge Field”, must to be your advisor field: Economia e Finanças Internacionais;
Page 4: In “Knowledge Field”, must to be your advisor field: Economia e Finanças Internacionais, in “Approval Date” put your presentation date;
Page 5: “ACKNOWLEDGMENT” must to be on the middle of the page;
After correction, please, post it again
on 2017-12-11T14:24:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Oliver Sleczka (oliver.sleczka@student.unisg.ch) on 2017-12-11T17:40:14Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Performance of Private Equity Funds in Emerging Markets_MPGI Dissertation_2017.pdf: 1511283 bytes, checksum: 77cd6246c673012b4ee5c97c532f3274 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2017-12-11T17:46:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
Performance of Private Equity Funds in Emerging Markets_MPGI Dissertation_2017.pdf: 1511283 bytes, checksum: 77cd6246c673012b4ee5c97c532f3274 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T17:50:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Performance of Private Equity Funds in Emerging Markets_MPGI Dissertation_2017.pdf: 1511283 bytes, checksum: 77cd6246c673012b4ee5c97c532f3274 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017 / This paper investigates the performance of private equity funds in emerging markets based on data of individual fund level returns from 1995 to 2013 obtained from Preqin. The research focus of this thesis lies on performance drivers and return persistence. The analysis is divided in two parts. The first part investigates the relationship between fund performance and fund characteristics focusing on the GP location, the investment focus, as well as the fund size, sequence number, and GP experience. The key objective is to determine significant emerging market-specific performance factors. Our results suggest that funds with a clear geographic investment focus earn significantly higher returns. The second part aims to find evidence for persistence in the performance of emerging market private equity funds. The findings corroborate the hypothesis that unlike in developed markets, performance persistence still exists in emerging markets. / Esta tese investiga o desempenho de fundos de private equity em mercados emergentes, com base em dados de retorno a nível individual dos fundos de 1995 a 2013, obtidos por meio da base de dados Preqin. O foco de pesquisa desta tese é nos drivers de performance e persistência de retornos. A análise é dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte investiga a relação entre a performance e características do fundo, com foco na localização do administrador (GP), foco do investimento, assim como o tamanho do fundo, número de sequência do fundo, e experiência do GP. O principal objetivo é determinar fatores de performance significativos específicos de mercados emergentes. Os resultados sugerem que fundos com um claro foco geográfico de investimentos obtém retornos significativamente mais altos. A segunda parte visa encontrar evidências de persistência na performance de fundos de private equity de mercados emergentes. Os achados corroboram a hipótese de que, diferentemente de mercados desenvolvidos, persistência de performance ainda existe em mercados emergentes.
|
313 |
Uma investigação do efeito manada nos fundos de investimento imobiliário brasileirosLiang, Benjamin Shenq Horng 05 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Benjamin Liang (benliang_@yahoo.com) on 2017-12-29T20:26:35Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
finanças-liang-versão FINAL.pdf: 1473193 bytes, checksum: f546881d098b6f4160c52d20cee1b999 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão (vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2017-12-29T20:40:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
finanças-liang-versão FINAL.pdf: 1473193 bytes, checksum: f546881d098b6f4160c52d20cee1b999 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-02T12:02:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
finanças-liang-versão FINAL.pdf: 1473193 bytes, checksum: f546881d098b6f4160c52d20cee1b999 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-12-05 / Este estudo tem como tema a aplicação de finanças comportamentais nos Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário (FIIs) brasileiros. Finanças comportamentais utilizam a psicologia para estudar o comportamento financeiro dos agentes. O comportamento manada, subtópico de finanças comportamentais analisado neste trabalho, pode ser definido como o movimento sincronizado dos preços dos ativos em uma forma exuberante e irracional que não é justificado pelos fundamentos. Tal questão é pertinente porque finanças comportamentais vai contra as premissas da economia neo-clássica, pilares para a Moderna Teoria de Finanças, das quais as mais relevantes são que os investidores são racionais e tomam decisões de forma independente. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a existência do comportamento manada em FIIs no Brasil. Para isso, o trabalho adotou uma abordagem quantitativa, através do modelo proposto por Chang et al. (2000), baseada em pesquisa de levantamento de banco de dados disponível no software Economatica dos retornos diários dos FIIs brasileiros. Adicionalmente, o trabalho também investigou se a existência do comportamento manada é influenciada pela utilização de outros indicadores de retorno de mercado, além do retorno médio transversal proposto por Chang et al. (2000), e pela separação da amostra em dias de alta e queda do retorno. O entendimento da dinâmica desta reação é importante para mapear o comportamento dos investidores em diferentes condições de mercado. Diferente das suposições que se encontraria o comportamento manada em mercados emergentes e em produtos onde os investidores são predominantemente pessoas físicas, os resultados deste trabalho apontam para a inexistência de comportamento manada no mercado brasileiro de FIIs. / The subject of this study is the application of behavioral finance on the Brazilian Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Behavioral finance uses psychology to study the financial behavioral of the agents. Herding effect, a subtopic of behavioral finance analyzed in this study, can be defined as an exuberant and irrational synchronized movement of asset prices which is not justified by their fundamental values. This subject is pertinent because behavioral finance defies neoclassical economics assumptions, keystones for Modern Financial Theory, of which the most relevant are that investors are rational and make decisions independently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of herding effect in the Brazilian REITs. The study adopted a quantitative approach, using the model proposed by Chang et al. (2000), based on daily returns of Brazilian REITs available on the software Economatica. Additionally, the study also investigated if the existence of herding effect is influenced by using other market return indexes, other than the cross-sectional average return proposed by Chang et al. (2000), and by separating the data in days of positive and negative return. Understanding the dynamics of this reaction is important to trace the investors’ behavior under different market conditions. Contrary to the assumptions that herding effect would be found in emerging markets and in investments in which investors are mainly individuals, the results of this study indicate the absence of herding effect in the Brazilian REITs market.
|
314 |
Distribution strategies for the base of the pyramid: an exploratory study in BrazilBarki, Edgard Elie Roger 24 February 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
71060100730.pdf: 1696550 bytes, checksum: 2ab1fb226ddf72ebf4f0005759bf9cd2 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-02-24T00:00:00Z / Access has been one of the main difficulties companies have faced in emerging markets (PRAHALAD, 2005). The capillarity of the market, the existence of small, not professionalized and sometimes informal retailers, the lack of infrastructure and high transportation costs are some of the distribution challenges companies face in poorer regions. The literature concerning the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) is still recent and only after the seminal article by Prahalad and Hart (2002), it evolved into many different management perspectives. However, there is a lack of researches concerning distribution strategies to the BoP. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to identify, in the perception of executives working in the market, the conditions associated to a satisfactory distribution for the BoP market in Brazil and to build a substantive theory that helps to shed light to the understanding of the distribution phenomenon adopted by consumer goods companies to reach the BoP market in Brazil. In order to accomplish the objectives of this thesis, a grounded theory methodology (Glaser; Strauss, 1967; Corbin; Strauss, 2008) was used. This approach helped to identify the channel strategies used by local and global companies in the market. Many techniques for data collection were applied. The most important one was in-depth interviews with 26 executives from 24 different consumer goods companies in Brazil. Among the companies there were small, medium and large enterprises; which were also grouped as manufacturers, distributors and retailers. Furthermore, secondary data were examined to identify business strategies to reach BoP and map global distribution initiatives. A database from a consumer panel was also used to analyze what and where BoP consumers purchase non-durable goods. It was verified that small and traditional retailing is a very strong format in BoP markets and in the Northern/Northeastern regions. Cash & Carry is a format that is growing a lot. On the other hand, hypermarkets are not very used by low income population. The results suggest that three major categories are associated to a satisfactory distribution: (a) willingness, which means the effort, knowledge and enthusiasm a firm has to operate at BoP markets; (b) well-done execution, which is related to designing correctly the marketing channel and operating efficiently in an environment full of obstacles, such as lack of infrastructure, capillarity, lack of safety, regional differences and informality, and (c) relationship, which was perceived to be friendlier and essential at BoP markets, since it is very difficult for manufacturers to reach the entire market alone. It is more likely to have a satisfactory distribution when manufacturers establish strong relationships in the marketing channel. Besides, small retailers have a perception of isolation and expect a higher level of relationship. These major categories explain also the competitive advantage that local companies have in relation to MNCs and large companies. Despite of the limitations of an exploratory study, it is expected that this thesis will contribute to the BoP knowledge as well as to the identification of the peculiarities of distribution in BoP markets. / Acesso tem sido uma das maiores dificuldades que as empresas tem enfrentado em mercados emergentes (PRAHALAD, 2005). Alguns dos desafios de distribuição que as empresas enfrentam em regiões mais pobres são a capilaridade do mercado, a existência de varejistas pequenos, não profissionalizados e por vezes informais, a falta de infra-estrutura e os altos custos de transporte. A literatura relacionada à base da pirâmide (BoP) é ainda recente e apenas após o artigo seminal de Prahalad e Hart (2002), que o assunto evoluiu em diversas perspectivas em negócios. No entanto, ainda há uma lacuna em estudos relacionados a estratégias de distribuição para a base da pirâmide. Assim sendo, o principal objetivo deste estudo é identificar, na percepção de executivos que trabalham no Mercado, as condições associadas a uma distribuição satisfatória para o Mercado da Base da Pirâmide no Brasil e construir uma teoria substantiva que apóie o entendimento do fenômeno da distribuição para a base da pirâmide de empresas de bens de consumo no Brasil. Para atingir os objetivos deste trabalho, foi utilizada a metodologia da Grounded Theory (Glaser; Strauss, 1967; Corbin; Strauss, 2008). Esta metodologia ajudou a identificar as estratégias de canal utilizadas por empresas locais e globais. Várias técnicas de coleta de dados foram utilizadas. A mais importante foi a realização de entrevistas em profundidade com 26 executivos de 24 empresas diferentes de bens de consume no Brasil. Dentre estas empresas havia pequenas, medias e grandes organizações; que também foram agrupadas em fabricantes, distribuidores e varejistas. Além disso, dados secundários foram analisados para identificar estratégias de negócios e mapear iniciativas globais de distribuição. Um banco de dados de um painel de consumidores foi utilizado para analisar o que e onde os consumidores da base da pirâmide comparam bens não-duráveis. Foi verificado que o pequeno varejo tradicional é um formato muito importante para a Base da Pirâmide e nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Cash & carry é um formato que está crescendo bastante. Por outro lado, hipermercados não são muito utilizados pela população de baixa renda. Os resultados sugerem que três categorias principais estão associadas a uma distribuição satisfatória: (a) Interesse em atuar na Base da Pirâmide, que significa o esforço, comprometimento, conhecimento e entusiasmo de uma empresa em atuar na Base da Pirâmide; (b) execução, que está relacionada ao correto desenho da estrutura de canais e em uma operação eficiente em um ambiente repleta de obstáculos, tais como falta de infra-estrutura, capilaridade, insegurança, diferenças regionais e informalidade, e (c) relacionamento foi percebido como sendo mais amigável e essencial na base da pirâmide, dada a dificuldade dos fabricantes em acessar o mercado todo sozinhos. É mais provável estabelecer-se uma distribuição satisfatória quando os fabricantes possuem relacionamentos estreitos com o canal de marketing. Além disso, pequenos varejistas tem a percepção de isolamento e possuem a expectativa de um maior nível de relacionamento. Apesar das limitações de um estudo exploratório, espera-se que esta tese contribua para o conhecimento na Base da Pirâmide e na identificação das peculiaridades existentes na distribuição de produtos de bens de consumo para a Base da Pirâmide.
|
315 |
A crise de 2008 e seu impacto em países economicamente dependentes de commoditiesAbe, Mirian Mayumi 31 August 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Mirian Abe (mirian_abe@yahoo.com.br) on 2011-09-21T14:00:34Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
A Crise de 2008 e seu Impacto em Paises Economicamente Dependentes de Commodities.pdf: 1276747 bytes, checksum: 6c279c19ee74ca35e2d1d866b4327748 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-09-21T14:23:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
A Crise de 2008 e seu Impacto em Paises Economicamente Dependentes de Commodities.pdf: 1276747 bytes, checksum: 6c279c19ee74ca35e2d1d866b4327748 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-09-21T14:23:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
A Crise de 2008 e seu Impacto em Paises Economicamente Dependentes de Commodities.pdf: 1276747 bytes, checksum: 6c279c19ee74ca35e2d1d866b4327748 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-09-21T14:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
A Crise de 2008 e seu Impacto em Paises Economicamente Dependentes de Commodities.pdf: 1276747 bytes, checksum: 6c279c19ee74ca35e2d1d866b4327748 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / In this paper, the impact of commodities prices, measured through the CRB index, over the stock markets of six emerging economies, strongly dependent of these type of products, is analyzed. The sample includes South Africa, Brazil, Chile, India and Mexico, as exporters, and China, as importer. Besides commodities prices, other variables have an influence over the stock markets behavior, being the market humor and the foreign exchange very relevant, even more when it comes to emerging markets, that are subject to a certain degree of speculation coming from foreign investors. So, this work includes the S&P 500 and the foreign exchange as a control variable to serve as a thermometer of these intentions. The analysis is split between the periods before and after the global financial crisis that took over the markets on the second semester of 2008. The intention behind this separation is to verify if the investors behavior has changed after the crisis and if local economic indicators demonstrated more relevance in their investment decisions. Generally, the conclusion is that the impact of commodities prices in the stock markets increased after the crisis, and that the influence of the external market humor decreased. One possible understanding for this finding is that commodities producers were indeed less affected by the crisis and their economic performances detached from developed countries. One of the main reasons for this detachment is the rise of other countries, such as China, as inducers of the world economic development, and the transformation of these very emergent economies into regional focuses of growth. / Este trabalho pretende estudar o impacto dos preços das commodities, medido através do índice CRB, sobre os mercados de renda variável de seis países considerados emergentes e que têm o desempenho de suas economias fortemente atrelados a esta categoria de produtos. Dentro da amostra selecionada, África do Sul, Brasil, Chile, Índia e México são exportadores de commodities, e a China, é importadora destes produtos. Além dos preços das commodities, outras variáveis influenciam o comportamento das bolsas de valores, sendo o humor de mercado e o câmbio bastante relevantes, ainda mais quando se avalia mercados emergentes, que estão sujeitos a um certo grau de especulação por parte de investidores estrangeiros. Portanto, este estudo inclui o S&P 500 e o câmbio como variáveis de controle para servir como termômetro destas intenções. A análise é dividida entre os períodos anterior e posterior à crise financeira global que assolou os mercados no segundo semestre de 2008. A intenção por trás desta separação é verificar se o comportamento dos investidores mudou depois da crise e se indicadores econômicos locais passaram a ser mais relevantes nas suas decisões de investimento. De forma geral, pode-se concluir que o impacto dos preços das commodities nos mercados de renda variável aumentou após a crise, e que a influência do humor do mercado externo diminuiu. Um possível entendimento para esta constatação é que os países produtores de commodities realmente foram menos afetados pela crise e o desempenho de suas economias se descolou dos países desenvolvidos. Um dos principais motivos para este descolamento é a ascensão de outros países como indutores do crescimento mundial, tal como a China, e a transformação destes mesmos países emergentes em pólos regionais de crescimento.
|
316 |
Développement durable et marchés émergents : le cas de l'ISR en Afrique du Sud, au Brésil et en Inde / Sustainability and emerging markets : the case of SRI in South of Africa, Brazil and IndiaAcosta, Raphael 04 January 2017 (has links)
Dans la théorie financière classique, les marchés sont supposés efficients et lesinvestisseurs sont réputés rationnels. Ils sélectionnent leurs portefeuilles sur la base deparamètres financiers définis, en fonction de leur propre aversion au risque. Avec ledéveloppement de l’Investissement Socialement Responsable (ISR) dans le milieu des années90, un vaste champ de recherche s’ouvre en sélection de portefeuilles. En effet, lesinvestisseurs intègrent des éléments extra-financiers dans leur stratégie de gestion de portefeuille, en rupture avec la théorie financière classique.Ainsi, le développement de ce nouveau type d’investissement a enthousiasmé lacommunauté scientifique et les publications académiques se sont multipliées. Cependant ces recherches se sont concentrées sur les performances des ISR des grandes places financières occidentales, avec des résultats divergents. L'objectif de cette thèse est d’approfondir l'analyse du comportement financier des fonds et indices SR issus de trois marchés émergents – Afrique du Sud, Brésil et Inde – compte tenu des risques spécifiques de ces places financières et de ces fonds, et d’apprécier leur intérêt en termes de diversification internationale des portefeuilles.Notre thèse se compose de quatre chapitres indépendants, qui suivent une certainelogique d’écriture et de composition afin de répondre au mieux à nos questions de recherche. Les deux premiers chapitres introduisent l’objet et le champ de cette étude. Ils présentent un intérêt essentiellement théorique pour conceptualiser l’objet de la recherche et contextualiser son champ d’application.Les deux derniers chapitres sont consacrés aux analyses empiriques. Les ISR y sontanalysés comme objets de performances financières pures, mais aussi comme vecteurs de diversification de portefeuille ce qui, à notre connaissance, est encore relativement absent des publications académiques. D’autre part, deux échelles de temps et d’espace ont été croisées en scindant la recherche selon les différentes phases de la crise financière de 2008, et en analysant les performances en dimensions locales et internationales. Sur le champ théorique, cette étude apporte de nouveaux éléments concernant la compréhension des ISR dans une logique interculturelle, en questionnant la perception del’éthique, les stratégies financières qui en résultent, et leurs impacts économiques. Lesrésultats empiriques ont démontré l’intérêt financier des ISR dans ces trois marchés en termesde performances et de diversification de portefeuilles, d’un point de vue domestique etinternational. / According to traditional financial theory, markets are deemed efficient and investors rational. They base the choice of their portfolios on well-defined financial parameters, following their own risk aversion. With the development of socially responsible investments (SRIs) in the middle of the 90s, a vast domain of research became available when selectingone’s portfolio. Indeed, investors integrate new elements which are out of the financial scope to their strategy of portfolio management, thus diverging from the traditional financial theory. The birth and development of this new type of investments has triggered the scientific community’s enthusiasm with more and more academic publications being written on the matter. Research has mostly tackled SRIs related to the main western marketplaces withdiverging results. The objective of this thesis is to deepen the analysis of the financial behavior of these funds and socially responsible indicators from three emerging markets – South-Africa, Brazil and India – while taking into consideration the risks specific to thesemarketplaces and funds, and to appreciate their interest in terms of internationaldiversification of portfolios.This thesis is divided into four independent sections which follow a certain logic in writing and composition in order to answer our questions in the best way possible. The two first sections will introduce the subject and domain of this research. They will mostly deal with the theoretical aspect in order to conceptualize the research’s subject and put it into context. The two following sections will focus on empirical analysis. SRIs will be analyzed as pure financial performances, but also as vectors of diversification for portfolios which is, to our knowledge, relatively absent from academic publications. Moreover, two scales were used for space and time, dividing the research according to the different phases of the 2008financial crisis and by analyzing performances following local and international dimensions. On the theoretical aspect, this study brings new elements concerning the comprehension of SRIs in a cross-cultural context, by questioning ethical perception, resulting financial strategies, and their economic impact. The empirical results have shown the financial interest for SRIs in these three markets in terms of performance and diversification of portfolios, from both a domestic and an international point of view. / Na teoria financeira clássica, os mercados são supostamente eficientes e osinvestidores supostamente racionais. Esses últimos selecionam suas carteiras de açõesbaseando-se em parâmetros financeiros definidos em função do seu sentimento de aversão aorisco. Com o desenvolvimento do Investimento Socialmente Responsável (ISR), meados dosanos 90, abriu-se um vasto campo de pesquisa em seleção de carteiras de ações. De fato, osinvestidores integram dados extra-financeiros na elaboração de suas estratégias de gestão dascarteiras de ações, rompendo, assim, com a teoria financeira clássica. O desenvolvimento desse novo tipo de investimento entusiasmou a comunidadecientífica e multiplicaram-se as publicações acadêmicas. As pesquisas concentraram-se nasperformances dos ISR nos grandes mercados financeiros ocidentais, obtendo-se entretantoresultados divergentes. O objetivo dessa tese é aprofundar a análise do comportamentofinanceiro dos fundos e índices SR nos mercados emergentes – África do Sul, Brasil e Índia –levando em conta seus riscos específicos e apreciar o seu interesse no que concerne adiversificação internacional das carteiras de ações.Nossa tese compõe-se de quatro capítulos independentes seguindo uma lógica deredação e composição afim de responder da melhor forma possível as questões da pesquisa.Os dois primeiros capítulos introduzem o objeto do campo de pesquisa. Eles apresentam uminteresse essencialmente teórico para conceituar o objeto da pesquisa e contextualizar o seucampo de aplicação. Os dois últimos capítulos são consagrados as análises empíricas. Os ISR sãoanalisados como objetos de performances financeiras puras e também como vetores dediversificação das carteiras de ações, o que, a nosso conhecimento, ainda é relativamenteausente das publicações acadêmicas. Por outro lado, duas escalas de tempo e espaço foramcruzadas dividindo a pesquisa segundo as diferentes fases da crise financeira de 2008 eanalisando as performances a nível local e internacional.No campo teórico esse estudo traz novos elementos para a compreensão dos ISRdentro de uma visão intercultural, questionando a percepção da ética, as estratégiasfinanceiras resultantes e seus impactos econômicos. Os resultados das análises empíricasdemonstraram o interesse financeiro dos ISR nos três mercados em termos de performances ede diversificação tanto no nível nacional que internacional.
|
317 |
A crise norte-americana do subprime: medindo o contágio para os BRICS / The North-American subprime crisis: measuring contagion to the BRICsMariana Orsini Machado de Sousa 15 August 2011 (has links)
Uma característica marcante da recente crise financeira que ocorreu entre 2007 e 2009, conhecida como \"A Crise do Subprime\", foi quão rapidamente se propagou por todo o mundo. Entretanto, a maior parte da evidência empírica até o presente momento mostra que no início da crise (jun/07 - ago/08) a resposta das economias emergentes foi limitada. Este trabalho corrobora este fato, bem como a rápida saída da crise, para um grupo de países emergentes em acelerado processo de desenvolvimento: Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China, os BRICs. Encontramos ainda evidências de que a China exerceu, principalmente durante a crise, forte impacto positivo nos BRICs, o que nos levou a concluir que este foi um fator importante para que fossem menos afetados, quando comparados com economias desenvolvidas como os EUA. Também mostramos que países dentre os BRICs cuja atividade econômica apresenta maior semelhança - Brasil X Rússia e Índia X China - são afetados de modo geral de forma análoga e observamos ainda evidência de notáveis ligações financeiras entre os países do grupo. Por último, notamos que variáveis reais dos BRICs responderam com menor intensidade aos efeitos da crise quando comparadas a variáveis financeiras do próprio grupo e variáveis reais de países desenvolvidos. Para o estudo, utilizamos modelos S-VAR, VEC e testes de cointegração em painel, este último para os modelos com variáveis macroeconômicas reais. Também utilizamos um índice de propagação de calor, desenvolvido pelo Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), que mede a intensidade dos efeitos da crise nas variáveis para cada instante do tempo. / One of the main characteristics of the recent financial crisis that took place between 2007 and 2009, known as \"The Subprime Crisis\", was how fast it spread all around the globe. Nevertheless, most empirical evidence shows that at the beginning of the crisis (Jun/07- Aug/08) emerging markets\' response was limited. This present study corroborates this idea for a fast raising group of emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India and China, the BRICs. We show as well how rapid these economies have managed to get out of the crisis and the not negligent positive impact that China had in all of them, especially during the crisis period. We infer that China\'s booming economy must have been one of the main factors that made the crisis\' impact reduced for the BRICs when compared to developed countries such as the US. We also show that countries among the BRICs that have more similarities - Brazil X Russia and India X China - were in general affected in an analogous way and we observe that there are strong financial links between group members. Last, we find that the crisis\' effect on real BRIC\'s macroeconomic variables was not as intense as those on developed countries or on BRIC\'s financial variables. For this study, we use S-VAR, VEC and Panel Cointegration Models. This last one was used for models with real macroeconomic variables. To draw our conclusions, we also utilize a Heat Index which has been developed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).This index is a measure of the crisis\' effects intensity on economic variables through time.
|
318 |
Social franchising in emerging markets : a multi-perspective approach in the education sector of Pakistan / La franchise sociale dans les marchés émergents : une approche multi -perspective dans le secteur de l'éducation au PakistanWarraich, Muhammad Akib 20 October 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie les principales caractéristiques, le développement, les dimensions sociales, les avantages ainsi que les défis de la franchise dans le secteur de l'éducation au Pakistan. En outre, les résultats de notre étude montrent que la franchise de l'éducation au Pakistan fonctionne essentiellement comme une forme de franchise sociale. L'étude illustre également comment la dimension sociale de la franchise, dans le paysage éducatif pakistanais, est contrebalancée avec le côté commercial de cette pratique. Une approche qualitative multi-perspective a été adoptée. Cela a consisté à mener et à enregistrer 44 entretiens approfondis avec les franchiseurs, les franchisés, les enseignants, les employés du réseau, les parents, les étudiants et les représentants du gouvernement. Les données secondaires ont été collectées sur les sites Web des franchiseurs. Les données ont été transcrites et analysées par NVivo. Nos résultats mettent en évidence un lien entre l'émergence de la franchise sociale et la performance des établissements d'enseignement du secteur public. Nos résultats montrent également que les réseaux de franchises d'éducation au Pakistan ont eu une contribution significative sur le plan social, dans la mesure où, les taux d'alphabétisation ont augmenté et que les inégalités entre les sexes ont été réduites. Cela peut, par conséquent, être considéré comme une forme de franchise sociale. Certaines caractéristiques des réseaux de franchises éducatives au Pakistan sont les mêmes que celles de la franchise dans des secteurs plus traditionnels tels que les hôtels et les restaurants. Il est intéressant de noter que la fourniture de la marque, du transfert de savoir-faire, de l'assistance et de la formation, ainsi que l'uniformité du réseau, ont été aussi importants que dans les secteurs traditionnels de franchise. Les résultats suggèrent par ailleurs que les utilisateurs et le public ont une perception positive de la franchise dans le secteur de l'éducation et cela est considéré comme une meilleure alternative par rapport aux autres options disponibles. / This study investigates the main characteristics, development, social dimensions, benefits and the challenges of franchising in the education sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, it highlights that education franchising in Pakistan is mainly operating as a form of social franchising. The study also discusses how the social dimension of education franchising in Pakistan is counterbalanced with the commercial side of this business. A multi-perspective qualitative approach was adopted. This involved conducting and recording 44 in-depth interviews with franchisors, franchisees, school teachers, network employees, parents, students and government officials. Secondary data was collected from franchisor websites. Data was transcribed and analyzed by NVivo. The findings suggest a link between the emergence of social franchising and the performance of public sector educational institutions. Moreover, findings elaborate that education franchising networks in Pakistan have made a significant social contribution by increasing literacy rates and reducing gender inequalities. Therefore, it can be considered as a form of social franchising. Some characteristics of educational franchise networks in Pakistan are the same as those of franchising in more traditional sectors such as hotels and restaurants. Interestingly, the provision of brand name, transfer of know-how, assistance and training, as well as network uniformity, were found to be just as important as they are in traditional franchising sectors. The findings also suggest that users and public have a positive perception of franchising in the education sector and it is regarded as a better alternative as compared to other available options.
|
319 |
Marchés émergents : excès de liquidité mondiale, investissements de portefeuille et prix des actifs / Emerging Markets : global Excess Liquidity, Portfolio Capital Flows and Asset PricesMoussavi, Julien 18 March 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse tente d’analyser qualitativement et quantitativement les impacts, parfois déstabilisateurs, de l’excès de liquidité mondiale sur les prix des actifs des marchés émergents. Cet excès de liquidité mondiale s’est notamment matérialisé par un essor des investissements de portefeuille vers les marchés émergents, essor dont l’étude est devenue un thème central que ce soit pour les décideurs politiques ou pour l’industrie de la gestion d’actifs. A ce titre, nous nous proposons de contourner les faiblesses des données de la Balance des Paiements en construisant un indicateur non-retardé et à haute fréquence des flux de portefeuille, et ce, grâce aux données EPFR. La dynamique de recherche de rendement induite par la mise en place de politiques monétaires non conventionnelles par les principales banques centrales des marchés développés a eu pour effet une forte inflation des prix des actifs, au premier rang desquels figurent les marchés d’actions émergents, marchés sur lesquels de potentielles bulles ont pu faire leur apparition dans la période qualifiée de « Nouvelle Normale ». / This thesis aims to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse the sometimes destabilising impacts of global excess liquidity on emerging markets asset prices. This global excess liquidity has particularly manifested in a rise in portfolio capital flows towards emerging markets. The study of this rise has become a central topic both for policymakers and asset managers. As such, we propose to circumvent the Balance of Payments weaknesses by building a non-lagging and high frequency indicator of portfolio capital flows using the data provided by EPFR. The search for yield trend caused by the unconventional monetary policies undertaken by the main developed markets central banks has caused significant inflation in asset prices, most prominently in emerging equity markets, where potential bubbles have appeared during the so-called “New Normal” period.
|
320 |
[pt] ENSAIOS SOBRE MODELOS DE FATORES PARA APREÇAMENTO DE ATIVOS: EVIDÊNCIAS SOBRE VOLATILIDADE IDIOSSINCRÁTICA, MERCADOS EMERGENTES E POLÍTICA MONETÁRIA / [en] ESSAYS ON ASSET PRICING FACTOR MODELS: EVIDENCES ON IDIOSYNCRATIC VOLATILITY, EMERGING MARKETS AND MONETARY POLICY29 June 2021 (has links)
[pt] Desde sua proposição, na decada de 60, o modelo de apreçamento de ativos de capital e suas expansões, em particular a modelagem proposta por Fama e French entre os anos de 1992 e 2015, causou um entusiasmado debate sobre a interpretação econômica de seus fatores. Foi demonstrado na literatura acadêmica que variaveis que descrevem o conjunto das futuras oportunidades de investimento devem comandar um prêmio de risco e deveriam ser correlacionadas com os fatores de Fama e French. Uma outra questão sempre discutida é a aplicação desse tipo de modelagem à mercados emergentes. Economias mais fracas e menos estruturadas seguiriam a mesma racionalidade de mercados desenvolvidos? As expansões de Fama-French acrescentam ao modelo do CAPM fatores que representam o tamanho, o valor, a lucratividade operacional e a politica de investimento das empresas, em duas versões básicas de modelo. A primeira, proposta em 1993, acrescenta ao excesso de retorno de mercado um fator de tamanho e um fator de valor. É normalmente chamada de modelo de três fatores. A segunda, proposta em 2015, acrescenta a versão de três fatores um fator de lucratividade operacional e um fator de politica de investimentos das empresas. É normalmente chamada de modelo de cinco fatores. Com o uso desses modelos e dos conceitos financeiros envolvidos, esta tese estuda a possibilidade de que as inovações na variância média do mercado, decomposta em dois fatores, um representando a variação média do mercado e outro representando a correlação média do mercado, pudesse aumentar a capacidade explicativa do modelo de três fatores no que se refere aos excessos de retornos de portfólios de ações. Ela também estuda a capacidade do modelo de cinco fatores de melhor explicar o retornos dos portfolios de ações, em blocos econômicos de mercados emergentes, em relação ao CAPM original e ao modelo de três fatores. Finalmente, o estudo mostra que as inovações no indice de inflação e as inovações da inclinação da curva de juros são proxies para os fatores de tamanho, valor, lucratividade e investimento, e, em conjunto com o excesso de retorno do mercado, conseguem explicar o cross-section dos excessos de retornos dos portfólios de ações melhor do que o modelo de cinco fatores. / [en] Since its proposition in the 1960s, the capital asset pricing model and its expansions, in particular the modeling proposed by Fama and French between the years 1992 and 2015, caused an enthusiastic debate about the economic interpretation of its factors. It has been demonstrated in the academic literature that variables describing the set of future investment opportunities should command a risk premium and should be correlated with the Fama and French factors. Another issue that has always been discussed is the application of this type of modeling to emerging markets. Weaker and less structured economies would follow the same rationality of developed markets? Fama-French s expansions add to the CAPM model factors that represent size, value, operating profitability, and corporate investment policy in two basic model versions. The first, proposed in 1993, adds to the excess market return a factor of size and a factor of value. It is usually called the three-factor model. The second, proposed in 2015, adds to the three-factor version a factor of operational profitability and a factor of companies investment policy. It is usually called the five-factor model. With the use of these models and the financial concepts involved, this thesis studies the possibility that the innovations in the average market variance, decomposed into two factors, one representing the average market variation and another representing the average market correlation, could increase the explanatory capacity of the three-factor model with respect to the excess returns of stock portfolios. It also studies the ability of the five-factor model to best explain stock portfolio returns in emerging market economic blocks relative to the original CAPM and the three-factor model. Finally, the study shows that innovations in the inflation index and innovations in the slope of the interest curve are proxies for size, value, profitability, and investment factors, and, together with excess market returns, explains cross-section of excess returns on stock portfolios better than the five-factor model.
|
Page generated in 0.0897 seconds