Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009.

In Chapter 1 of this thesis we examine two key empirical questions in public economics by exploiting the 2009 Polish tax reforms. First, we estimate the degree of substitution between employment and self-employment tax bases – on the extensive margin. In particular, we quantify the impact of changes in the differential in rates of taxation between the two tax bases on the propensity of taxpayers to declare any positive level of employment or self-employment income. Second, we contribute to the literature on elasticities of taxable income on the intensive margin – the responsiveness of taxable income to changes in marginal tax rates – by providing estimates which are more likely to be robust to changes in year-to-year income dynamics than previous estimates. To identify these effects, we exploit variation in marginal and total tax rates around the 2009 reforms which occurs independently of an individual’s position in the income distribution as a result of joint reporting with a spouse. At the same time, to obtain the extensive-margin responses, we exploit the uniqueness of the 2009 Polish tax reforms, which left the tax schedule un-changed for some types of self-employment while changing the tax schedule for the employed. The baseline estimates of the intensive-margin elasticities are around 0.2-0.3 for the employed and around 0.5-0.7 for the self-employed. The estimates jointly make possible the decomposition of the deadweight losses of the tax reform into intensive and extensive-margin responses, with the contribution of the extensive margin found to be around 7% of the total. In Chapter 2, we examine the optimal non-linear taxation in an environment in which individuals have the option of engaging in either employment or self-employment activity. We build on the estimates from Chapter 1 to calibrate an extension of the classic Mirrleesian model which allows for extensive-margin transitions between employment and self-employment. The results help rationalise the preferential tax treatment of self-employment income versus employment income given in certain tax systems. They also illustrate the ways in which the possibility of extensive-margin transitions between tax bases moderate the incentive to give such preferential treatment. Based on the parameterisation here, the presence of the extensive-margin ap- pears to have a limited impact on the optimal marginal and total tax rates faced by the employed and self-employed. This, together with the earlier decomposition of deadweight losses in Chapter 1 by types of response, points towards a limited role of the extensive margin as a consideration for optimal-tax design, at least as far as the employment and self-employment tax bases are concerned. Chapter 3 turns to a fundamental question in health economics: how do health states change over the life-cycle, and how does the risk of adverse health-shocks change over the life-cycle? Most economic models of individuals’ behaviour over the life-cycle, to the extent to which they incorporate a measure of health risk, assume a simplified unidimensional measure of health. We contribute to this literature by estimating a flexible dynamic factor model of health and health risk over an individual’s life using the rich health data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We find that the many potentially collinear health indicators found in the HRS can broadly be summarized into four underlying factors. Three of these correspond to what may be termed subjective health measures, such as self-reported mobility, while a fourth corresponds to objective measures, including the number of overnight hospital stays, doctor visits and medical spending. The persistence of these underlying factors and the variance of their shocks are estimated as parameters of a vector auto-regressive process. We obtain results about the deterministic evolution of the health factors with age, the level of risk relating to each health measure, as well as heterogeneity by level of education. These are intended as building blocks of an ongoing project concerning the optimal design of disability insurance, given the health risks faced by individuals.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-14T16:30:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Fernanda 2015 completa.pdf: 1616162 bytes, checksum: ce5b590b9d775cc302c88fc16c77f246 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T16:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Fernanda 2015 completa.pdf: 1616162 bytes, checksum: ce5b590b9d775cc302c88fc16c77f246 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-21 / O estudo tem como objeto a saúde e o meio ambiente do trabalho. Enfatiza inicialmente os seus vínculos com o trabalho subordinado – elevado, pela teoria jurídico-trabalhista clássica, à categoria de objeto deste campo do direito. Objetiva demonstrar que o adoecimento existe e se transfigura por resultar da subordinação da força do trabalho ao capital e tem impactos nocivos em termos de relações individuais, sindicais e internacionais de trabalho. Adianta que várias modalidades de trabalho, quando executadas, afetam também a saúde e a vida do gênero humano, dos animais, a biodiversidade, o meio ambiente e a natureza como um todo, dentro e fora do local de trabalho. Diferente dos caminhos seguidos pela doutrina tradicional, contrapõe os fundamentos da teoria jurídico-trabalhista clássica aos fundamentos da teoria jurídico-trabalhista crítica; estabelece um confronto entre as teorias organizacionais conservadoras e as teorias organizacionais críticas. Em vez de seguir o senso comum teórico, preconiza, por meio de uma visão multidisciplinar e centrada na teoria social crítica, em geral, e nas teorias dos movimentos sociais, em particular, que as formas de gestão e de administração – do fordismo, do taylorismo às versões gerencialistas mais sofisticadas, que capturam da subjetividade-, são responsáveis pela dualização do assalariado, a clandestinização, o adoecimento, o enfraquecimento das lutas sindicais. Esta concepção analítica apresenta uma proposição voltada para superar a visão comum à autoridade da velha doutrina, em dois sentidos: por meio das teorias dos movimentos sociais, privilegiar a retomada das lutas sindicais, em sua dúplice perspectiva– reformista e revolucionária- que, aliada aos novos movimentos sociais, serão capazes de ampliar suas pautas reivindicativas e de enfrentar o modelo de acumulação flexível-; uma modalidade distinta de acesso à justiça que possa interditar as ações dos setores produtivos locais, regionais e transnacionais que provocam as diversas formas de adoecimento e, ao mesmo tempo, comprometem e causam danos ao meio ambiente e à natureza. Afasta-se das versões ilusórias de todo idealismo, para enfrentar o direito como ele é e não como deveria ser. Do chão concreto das relações sociais propõe uma hermenêutica que aproxima os princípios do Direito do Trabalho aos princípios do Direito Processual do Trabalho capazes de interditar o caminho avassalador do adoecimento, da morte lenta no trabalho, da destruição do meio ambiente e da natureza. / The paper studied the health and the working environment. Initially, it emphasizes its links with subordinate work - elevated, by classical juridical-labour theory, to the category of its central object. It aims to demonstrate that the illness exists and is transformed as a result of the subordination of labour to capital strength, bringing negative impacts on individual relationships, trade unions and international labor. It says that various forms of work, when executed, also affect the health and life of mankind, animals, biodiversity, the environment and nature as a whole, inside and outside the workplace. Unlike the paths followed by the traditional doctrine, it opposes the fundamentals of classical legal-labour theory to the foundations of critical labour theory; It sets up a confrontation between the conservative organizational theories and critical organizational theories. Instead of following the theoretical common sense, it advocates, through a multidisciplinary approach, focused on critical social theory in general, and in the theories of social movements, in particular, that the forms of management and administration- from Fordism/ Taylorism to the most sophisticated managerial versions, that capture the subjectivity- are responsible for the dualisation of wage, the clandestinization at work, the illness, the weakening of trade union struggles. This analytical design features a proposition aimed to overcome the common view and the authority of the old doctrine in two ways: through the theories of social movements, favoring the resumption of trade union struggles in their dual perspective- reformist revolutionary- and that, coupled with the new social movements will be able to expand its agendas and face the model of flexible- accumulation; also discusses a distinct mode of access to justice that can interdict the actions of local productive sectors, regional and transnational, causing various forms of disease, and, at the same time, undermine and cause damage to the environment and nature. It moves away from the illusory versions of all idealism, to face the law as it is and not as it should be. The concrete floor of social relations proposes a hermeneutic approaching the principles of labour law to the principles of Procedural Law Labor, so that their union can be able to interdict the overwhelming way of illness, the slow death at work, the destruction of the environment and nature.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Oct. 31, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-92).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Även tryckt utgåva.

A lack of land use controls on sexually oriented businesses contributes to the unique configuration of Portland, Oregon's strip clubs: nearly fifty clubs are distributed throughout the city's neighborhoods. Considered a locally unwanted land use (LULU) by many, these strip clubs are regulated by a variety of formal and informal social processes in the absence of zoning. This qualitative study explores drivers and constraints shaping the spatial configuration of Portland's strip club industry as well as influences on land use conflict at strip club sites and working conditions for women who work as exotic dancers in the clubs. Data collection entailed review of documents (newspaper articles, legal and administrative decisions and records, and ballot measure pro/con statements); site observations; and in-person interviews with exotic dancers, strip club owners and managers, public employees who deal with strip clubs in their line of work, and people who live and work near strip clubs (n=43). Analysis follows Clarke's (2005) situational analysis methods. The study finds that strip clubs are not necessarily incompatible with residential locations and that such locations can confer benefits to dancers. The normalization of strip clubs in Portland decreases the place stigma associated with strip clubs but has a lesser impact on the person stigma of being an exotic dancer. With regard to land use conflict, the study finds that tolerance of sexual commerce is associated with urbanicity and that neighborhood socioeconomic status has a more complex relationship to community response than is suggested by the literature on land use conflict. Based on these findings, the dissertation argues that conflict resolution programs may be more effective than zoning at managing potential negative effects of sexually oriented businesses, and that improving working conditions for exotic dancers is a complex challenge. It proposes broader adoption of the sex work discourse, including the integration of labor issues in sex industry to advocacy efforts on behalf of other freelance and service sector workers.