This thesis deals with the stochastic optimization problem of hydro reservoir manage- ment. External inflows and market electricity price are both considered as random inputs to the model, which is designed as joint chance constrained programming. The main goal of the optimization problem is to maximize the profit from hydro energy usage together with minimizing the cost of used water. The random component is modelled by suitable stochastic processes based on historical data and then approximated via scenarios. Sea- sonal deterministic model is another model that is presented in this thesis. This model helps appraise water stored in every each reservoir's compartment. The estimates of water values are based on dual variables. Finally, in the practical part the hydro reservoir ma- nagement problem is applied to the real hydro valley located on the Vltava river. This part also deals with an option of increasing the number of pumping stations in this particular hydro valley.

The first chapter of the diploma thesis describes Energy policy of the European Union, especially its development, present state and its goals. This chapter also contains information about development of the single energy market. The second part of the thesis analyses oil and natural gas import dependence of the whole European Union and its Member States as well. It shows its rate and also the structure of suppliers, moreover, it describes total production, consumption and reserves of these fosil fuels. The third chapter outlines the ways how to reduce the import dependence. The last part familiarises readers with the main initiatives of the European Union in the field of environmental protection.

Problem - Ponava is an area with relatively large areas of brownfield sites. Ponava should be territory with clearly defined texture blocks, mixed functions , high proportion of total housing and urban character. The area solved in this work was selected as most suitable for the creation of the initiation core, ie core starting as development of the whole territory. Uncertainty about the future, including needs to be in 5, 10, 20 years doing the classic urban planning dysfunctional method of working with the territory. Solution - My urban concept seeks to provide sufficient flexibility in terms of use of buildings and open spaces. It is particularly advantageous because it can hold more small investors, who can work independently. Each part of the territory may work alone, just under the current situation and needs of society. The concept is simple division of the area in a regular rectangular network by the same part of the individual and their subsequent filling. Placing buildings is chessboard, thus ensuring their adequate sun and at the same time easy permeability of territory in all directions. The spaces between buildings have in the outer parts character of living square with a strong influence of the adjacent street. Inside these areas is the interspace quiet and mainly serves the local population.

In the European Union (EU), increasing final energy efficiency, so as to save energy, has become mandatory. This obligation will fundamentally alter the EU energy sector. The relevant EU directive, 2006/32/EG, requires that adjustments be made to energy billing and, where technically feasible, that new metering technologies (i.e. smart metering) be introduced. Individual EU countries are implementing these requirements in different ways: Smart metering is either being nearly fully implemented (e.g. in Italy), is being planned (e.g. in Germany), or completely disregarded (e.g. in the Czech Republic). Since the introduction of smart metering affects virtually all value-added steps, organisational structures and areas of operation in medium-sized energy providers, these providers must take the relevant requirements into account at as early a stage as possible. The present thesis analyses the effects of the introduction of smart metering on the business management of such companies. A deductive method was chosen and the effects of intro- ducing smart metering were assessed through a cross-sectional study of two separate data collections. Experts were interviewed and their statements were qualitatively evaluated. A written survey followed via online questionnaires, the results of which were quantitatively evaluated. Institutional, functional and activity-based perspectives were considered as well as normative, strategic and operative aspects of business management. The evaluation of the survey enabled a better assessment and analysis of the introduction of smart metering. An analysis of the scope of the upcoming alterations within energy providers illustrates just how fundamental a change this will bring to medium-sized energy providers. However, the outcome of the written survey shows that most executives do not recognise this need for change and therefore are unable to initiate it. These management deficiencies threaten the very existence of these companies and must be resolved through the timely initiation of consistent change management.

The effort to limit the usage of primary energies highly relevant and topical issue on both European and global level. The wide and diverse industry area, especially the technological equipment of operation, still offer a large potential for such savings. Some of the tools that can be used to lower the consumption and overall operational costs are the energy management system and the energy audit, which helps to identify working areas with a potential for savings and efficiency improvements. However, the current approach to energy audit is not sufficient when it comes to technologies. Which is why this thesis aims at designing a universal methodology for audits with a focus on manufacturing and processing equipment, which will be easily applicable in various types of industrial production.