A need for more transparency and accountability of police misconduct was obvious from citizen' complaints and media coverage of inhumane actions of law enforcement offers unequipped with body-worn cameras (BWCs). With the fatalities of citizens by law enforcement on the rise, it was incumbent upon the officials in two communities to deliver measures to improve citizens' perceptions of police officers' use of BWCs and how much trust the citizens have in the use of these instruments, as a whole. The purpose of this study was to explore citizens' confidence levels, sense of safety, and perception of civility when police officers use body cameras. The two research questions asked how has being made aware of the usage of BWCs by law enforcement impacted the perception of rural area citizens, and what is the perception of law enforcement officers' usage of BWCs among rural area citizens? The theoretical framework for this study was the self-awareness theory. Data were collected via interviews The data were collected and coded for analysis. Coded data were generated from responses in face to face interviews of participants. Themes were developed from key words in the context and word repetition. Seven main themes were created. The findings of the research show that the usage of body-worn cameras is wanted by citizens in small rural cities and the citizens have a positive perception of officers who utilize body-worn cameras. The results of the study have substantial implication for social change and suggest the people are calling for the use of BWC's by law enforcement officers to aid in increased transparency and trust in police officers on patrol. By carrying out this research, I was able to validate the perception of the citizens.

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Research submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Philosophy by coursework and Research in the facultiy of humanities / In the literature, the subject of racism has been approached by and large in a particular kind of way. In this paper, I aim to critically engage with standard racism discourse by doing two things. Firstly, I will be showing that the way racism is generally discussed is problematic both for the reasons that (a) its scope is limiting and (b) the way that the concept is used leaves out certain things that are important for what count or ought to count as racism. Secondly, I will be arguing that racism in its most basic form is the undervaluing, the devaluing, and not at all valuing someone else on account of their racial or racialized group. / MT 2020

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the academic performance of students in technical studies and their grades in remedial courses of study. Data were gathered from students in the Law Enforcement Technology program from the 2013-2014 academic year at a rural community college. This study examined the statistical correlation of the grades of those students who completed Beginning English and Beginning Algebra with those same students who also completed CRJ 1313 Introduction to Criminal Justice and CRJ 1323 Police Administration and Organization. The study utilized a Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson r), and calculations were conducted on the basis of the grades of 45 students in a rural community college in Mississippi who have completed Introduction to Criminal Justice, Police Administration and Organization, Beginning Algebra, and Beginning English during the Academic Year of 2013–2014. Multiple correlations of grades were calculated in Introduction to Criminal Justice, Police Administration and Organization as dependent variables, and in Beginning Algebra and Beginning English as independent variables.

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I document that a significant number of insiders violate SEC reporting requirements by filing transactions after the legally required deadline. Although these violations are straightforward for the SEC to detect, instances of reporting violations persist. Prior to Sarbanes-Oxley, 29% of open market transactions fell outside the required reporting window. Following the enactment of SOX, 8% of all transactions continue to violate the filing deadline. During the filing delay trades are unknown to outside market participants and earn significant abnormal returns. I show that almost a quarter of filing violations are made by insiders that egregiously violate the reporting requirement. This subgroup realizes significantly greater abnormal returns for purchases and sales leading up to the reporting date. Most filing violations take place during periods of high information asymmetry, and insiders privately earn significant abnormal returns. Collectively, these findings indicate that a subgroup of insiders extract information rent from private knowledge during windows of unreported trading. The SEC reacts to numerous insiders disregard this reporting requirement by charging a small percentage of the total violators for wrongdoing. I employ a unique data set of SEC cases brought against top managers who fail to meet the filing requirements. By comparing the trades in indictments to similar non-indicted transactions, I assess that the SEC pursues insiders that violate the reporting requirement egregiously and are a manager at larger firms. While the coverage of these actions is thin, it significantly deters insiders from filing late after the enforcement. In addition, firm insiders may trade on private information concerning forthcoming innovations. Before high-quality innovations become public knowledge, I find that insiders significantly increase their holdings in the firm. After a patent for a breakthrough innovation is granted, the firm realizes significant abnormal returns. By insider, I find that members of the Corporate Suite increase their holdings around the application date and are the only insiders that earn significant abnormal returns following the grant date. These results suggest that key insiders can identify breakthrough patents ex-ante and utilize this information advantage before the innovation becomes public knowledge. These innovations translate into an increase in firm value.

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A recent focus on understanding emotions in organizations has resulted in increased attention to the role of Emotional Intelligence (EI). Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a type of intelligence that helps individuals to perceive, assimilate, understand, and manage emotions (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). The aim of this study is to understand the role of EI on individual attitudinal and performance outcomes. Specifically, this paper argues that EI may be an important determinant of employee job satisfaction, turnover intention, and performance. Further, these effects are expected to be most pronounced in job functions with higher emotional requirements. Data collected from 278 law enforcement and healthcare employees provide no support for these propositions. These findings, their implications, and potential future studies are discussed. / Ph. D.

Once upon a time in the remote northern panhandle of Idaho, in the early 1990s, occurred a series of events that would lead to the deaths of three individuals, a beloved pet, and the overt acts of lawlessness and terrorism of three federal law enfocement agencies against United States' citizens. Thus, I introduce the story of Ruby Ridge, Idaho, the Weaver family, and the federal law enforcement agencies that have collectivity become known as the infamous "dress rehearsal for Waco..." (Kopel and Blackman, 1997:32). Since this is a constructivist analysis of events surrounding Ruby Ridge, I specifically focus on how reality is constructed through the process of reification. In this research endeavor, I utilize an elaboration of Aho's (1994) steps of reality construction (naming, legitimation, mythmaking, sedimentation, and ritualism) in the understanding of how the situation of Ruby Ridge was constructed. I have integrated these five stages into the chronological events of Ruby Ridge and illustrate how the situation was constructed to be real and how the consequences of crisis management employed by federal law enforcement agencies evolved into reactive state terrorism. In other words, I answer the question-"How could this happen?" / Ph. D.