This study is designed to develop a set of courses suitable for training online English teachers. It aims at planning training guidelines for online English teachers, strengthening achievement and complementing each other between online English teacher and student, providing online English teaching resources, and offering diversified online English teacher training channels. In this study, ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) instructional design model was adopted as a reference for conducting research steps. This study encompassed analysis, design, development, and implement phases. Due to time and manpower constraints, this study only explored formative assessment of ¡§Online English Teacher Training Courses¡¨. In this study, 4 participations with online English language teaching experience were interviewed respectively on each section of ¡§Online English Teacher Training Courses¡¨ and completed assessment rating scale. This paper presents three research conclusions of this study in accordance with study purposes, explores the advantages and constraints of online English training courses, and proposes three recommendations for further studies.

This paper sets out to examine the most common errors in the national test and whether the students make the same errors in English course B as in English course A at Upper Secondary School in Sweden. The method used for this study is quantitative where nine grammatical features are used to count the errors made. Twenty national tests were used to carry out this study; ten national tests are from English course A and the other ten from English course B. Results from all features from English course A are compared with some features from English course B. The results show that the most common errors made in the national test are subject verb agreement and tense. Those two features had also a worsening in the English course B. The genitive errors have also doubled in English course B. The best improvement happened with the capital letters. Other features either stayed the same or improved slightly. One of the solutions for grammatical errors could be that teachers and students pay more attention to it and that the teachers include more grammar in their lessons so that the students have an opportunity to improve.

在英文為第二語言和為外語的領域中，學習者的期待扮演著重要的角色，進而影響學習者對於新學習任務的觀感。隨著科技的演進，電腦輔助語言學習提供了英文學習者一個嶄新的學習環境，也影響了學習者的期待。然而，低英語學習成就者在線上英文補救課程的期待卻鮮少被探究。 本研究目的為探討低英文學習成就者之期待與其對於線上學習之經驗與看法。本研究的參與者為三位英文低學習成就者。這三位參與者皆為大學一年級的女學生且參加學校提供的線上英文補救教學。本研究使用問卷、英文能力測驗和訪談來挑選適合的被研究者與收集資料。所得到的資訊將會以質性的方式分析並呈現參與研究者的期待、期待之轉變和對線上學習的經驗與看法。 研究結果顯示出不同類型的自我期待影響學習者對線上學習的期待。擁有自我增值類型的自我期待之被研究者傾向於規範自己和期待英文能力進步；擁有自我貶抑類型的自我期待之被研究者傾向於對課程內容設計與同儕學習期待多一點；擁有適當自我評估類型的自我期待之被研究者對於自我學習管理良好且調整自己的學習狀態以適應新的線上學習環境，獲得更好的學習成效。此外，一些相關的議題也對被研究者有相當的影響，例如：面子、焦慮、自我效能、學習團體等。根據研究結果，有四項聲明可以被提出：第一，線上學習者對於面子相當在意；第二，不同自我期待之線上學習者對於焦慮有不同的處理方式；第三，對於線上學習來說，自主學習能力是很重要的。最後，並不是每一位線上學習者皆需要學習社群。 總而言之，線上學習者的內在因素與外在的學習行為是密不可分的。被研究者的線上學習行為與經驗皆被其期待影響。在語言教育者著重於教室內的學習現象的同時，社會文化因素也是需要被納入考量的重要的議題。 / In the field of ESL and EFL, learners’ expectations play a significant role and affect learners’ perception toward upcoming learning tasks. With the advance of technology, the computer assisted language learning provides English learners with alternative learning context, influencing the learners’ expectations. However, low achievers’ expectations in the online remedial English program are rarely investigated. The present study aimed at exploring the pattern of low achievers’ expectations and presenting the experience and perception of low achievers learning online. Participants were 3 English low achievers in a university. All of them were female freshmen and attended the online remedial English course offered by the university. Questionnaires, proficiency tests, and semi-structured interviews were administered to select participants and collect data. Later, the elicited information will be analyzed in a qualitative ways to display the expectations towards the online remedial English course, expectation shift, perceptions and experiences of online learning. The results showed that different types of the self-expectation influenced the learning expectations toward online learning. The participants with self-enhancement tended to regulate herself and expect to improve English proficiency more; the one with self-derogation inclined to expect course design and peer learning more; the one with appropriate self-appraisement regulated herself well and accustomed herself to the alternative online learning context for better learning results. Moreover, some issues played an important role to the three participants, including face, anxiety, self-efficacy, and a sense of learning community. Based on the results of this study, four assertions were proposed. First, face issues were of high concerns of these online learners. Second, learners with different types of self-expectation may treat anxiety in diverse ways. Third, self-regulatory efficacy was important to online learning. Finally, developing a learning community might not be welcomed by all the online learners. To sum up, online learners’ internal factors and external learning behavior were interwoven. The online experiences and performances of the three participants were affected by their expectations. As language educators focus on the learning phenomena in the classroom, the socio-cultural factors are other significant issues needed to be taken into consideration.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-05T11:55:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDEE.pdf: 16153724 bytes, checksum: 96c77e1d454c6b99b64dc1effdee0484 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-05T17:14:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDEE.pdf: 16153724 bytes, checksum: 96c77e1d454c6b99b64dc1effdee0484 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-05T17:14:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDEE.pdf: 16153724 bytes, checksum: 96c77e1d454c6b99b64dc1effdee0484 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T17:19:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDEE.pdf: 16153724 bytes, checksum: 96c77e1d454c6b99b64dc1effdee0484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Não recebi financiamento / The aim of this study is to propose an online English course using a thematic task-based syllabus, on the Moodle plataform. It intends to identify the characteristics of the tasks elaborated and analyze the students’ performances. From the methodological point of view, this is a qualitative-interpretative research, with a virtual ethnographic basis and it was carried out on the Moodle platform, which is offered by a Federal Technology Institution of the interior of São Paulo. The subjects were students of technical and undergraduate courses. The data were collected through semi-structured interview, questionnaire and record of conversations on the platform, Facebook and Skype. Besides these, the tasks elaborated for this study and those that were done by the students were also used. The 40-hour-online English course had a macro-theme called Inventors and Inventions and consisted of three thematic units Top 10 inventors of all time, Nikola Tesla and Leonardo da Vinci. One of the reasons for using task-based thematic syllabus comes from results of researches (BARBIRATO, 1999, 2005; XAVIER, 1999; CASSOLI, 2011; FRANSCESCHINI, 2014) that show the use of tasks can give great opportunities for learners to use the target language. When elaborating the tasks on the Moodle platform, the teacher came across with two main problems: her approach, still with structural influence, and the limitation of some platform tools. The students also encountered some technical and linguistic difficulties in carrying out the tasks. Despite these problems, the empirical results of this research may propose alternatives to foreign language professionals interested in using thematic task-based syllabus in a virtual learning environment. / Esta pesquisa tem o intuito de propor um curso de inglês a distância por meio de um planejamento temático baseado em tarefas (PTBT), na plataforma Moodle. Pretende-se também identificar as características das tarefas elaboradas pela professora e analisar a realização delas pelos alunos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa-interpretativista, de base etnográfica virtual e foi realizada na plataforma Moodle, disponibilizada por uma Instituição Federal de Tecnologia do interior de São Paulo. Os participantes eram alunos de cursos técnicos e superiores da área de exatas. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados entrevista semiestruturada, questionário e registro das conversas na plataforma, no Facebook e no Skype. Além desses, utilizou-se, para a análise, as tarefas elaboradas pela professora e as que foram realizadas pelos alunos. O curso de inglês foi oferecido a distância e tinha como tema macro Inventores e Invenções e era constituído de três unidades temáticas Os 10 melhores inventores de todos os tempos, Nikola Tesla e Leonardo da Vinci, distribuídas em 40 horas. Uma das justificativas para o uso do PTBT provém do fato de que os resultados de algumas pesquisas (BARBIRATO, 1999, 2005; XAVIER, 1999; CASSOLI, 2011; FRANSCESCHINI, 2014) apontam que o uso de tarefas proporciona maiores oportunidades de uso da língua-alvo pelos aprendizes. Ao elaborar as tarefas na plataforma Moodle, a professora deparou-se com duas problemáticas principais: a sua abordagem, ainda com resquícios da estrutural, e a limitação de algumas ferramentas da plataforma. Os alunos também se depararam com dificuldades técnicas, cognitivas e linguísticas, ao realizarem as tarefas. Apesar dessas dificuldades, os resultados empíricos desta pesquisa podem propor encaminhamentos para os profissionais de línguas estrangeiras, interessados em utilizar o PTBT em curso a distância.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Antonio de Souza.pdf: 547228 bytes, checksum: 3b094a2c1cb43b155185c5f9dbcae556 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / This research aims at (1) identifying what are the functions performed by publishing professionals, (2) investigating what are the communicative tasks that these professionals perform in English, (3) investigating what are the learning needs of these professionals and (4) identifying which are subsidies for a course design. This study is based on the theoretical concepts of Language for Specific Purposes, according to Hutchinson & Waters (1987), Robinson (1991), Dudley-Evans & St. John (1998) and Long (2005); on the concept of genre, according to Bakhtin (2000); on the concept of task, according to Shehadeh (2005) and the pedagogical proposal for implementing genres in Language for Specific Purposes courses, according to Ramos (2004). The data were obtained by a questionnaire administered to two learners of a private business English course; a semi-structured interview conducted with a representative of a publishing house; analysis of Labor Ministry, Promérito and Publisher´s job descriptions and also calls for jobs in the labor market to positions occupied by students. Needs analysis carried out found out the following results: the professional profiles of those who work in the publishing area; functions performed by them in the area of expertise; communicative tasks performed in English; their learning needs and also subsidies for an English course design. From these results, an outline on a gender-based syllabus and tasks was presented, in accordance with Dudley-Evans & St John´s parameters (1998) and Ramos´ proposal (2004). In this context, this research contributes to Applied Linguistics by mapping language use and needs of the publishing area; Languages for Specific Purposes teacher development, because, in addition to providing theoretical and methodological subsidies that define and characterize the approach, provide relevant information of English language use in researched area and also for providing the teacher-researcher data to reelaborate the business English course in progress / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivos (1) identificar quais são as funções desempenhadas por profissionais do ramo editorial, (2) investigar quais são as tarefas comunicativas que esses profissionais desempenham em língua inglesa, (3) investigar quais são as necessidades de aprendizagem desses profissionais e (4) identificar quais subsídios são trazidos por esta pesquisa para delineamento de curso. O trabalho teve como fundamentação teórica a Abordagem Instrumental segundo Hutchinson & Waters (1987), Robinson (1991), Dudley-Evans & St. John (1998) e Long (2005); o conceito de gêneros, segundo Bakhtin (2000); o conceito de tarefas, segundo Shehadeh (2005) e a proposta pedagógica para implementação de gêneros em curso de Línguas para Fins Específicos, de acordo com Ramos (2004). Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário aplicado a dois alunos, de um curso particular de Inglês para Negócios; uma entrevista semi-estruturada, aplicada a uma representante da empresa; análises de descrições de cargos, elaborados pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, Promérito e pela editora na qual trabalham os alunos do curso acima mencionado e também anúncios de empregos oferecidos no mercado de trabalho aos cargos ocupados pelos alunos do curso citado. Os dados advindos da análise desses instrumentos de coleta de dados possibilitaram os seguintes resultados: levantamento do perfil dos profissionais que trabalham na área editorial; das funções desempenhadas por eles na área de atuação; das tarefas comunicativas desempenhadas em língua inglesa; de suas necessidades de aprendizagem e também de subsídios para delineamento de um curso instrumental. A partir desses resultados, tracei um esboço de um conteúdo programático baseado em gênero e tarefa, de acordo com os parâmetros de Dudley- Evans & St. John (1998) e com a proposta de Ramos (2004). Nesse quadro, a presente pesquisa contribui com a Linguística Aplicada por mapear usos e necessidades linguísticas requisitadas pela área editorial; com a formação de professores de Línguas para Fins Específicos, na medida em que, além de fornecer subsídios teórico-metodológicos que definem e caracterizam a abordagem, fornecem informações relevantes de uso da língua inglesa na área pesquisada e também por fornecer subsídios para o próprio professor-pesquisador para reelaborar o curso de Inglês para Negócios ministrado atualmente